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United States Patent |
6,201,172
|
Denton
|
March 13, 2001
|
Adjustable handle mounting mechanism for tremolo devices
Abstract
An improved and adjustable handle mounting mechanism for tremolo devices of
stringed instruments and of the type having a string engaging saddle (22)
floating in a centered position under opposing forces of the instrument's
strings and a return spring (24)(FIGS. 1 and 8). The mechanism (10)
comprises a plurality of rotatably interconnected parts which are held
under compressive friction by a retaining screw (18), and includes a
uniquely shaped washer (16) and uniquely configured attachment means
(FIGS. 3 and 7), wherein the handle's support post (14) is separably
attached to the saddle: the saddle has a convexly curved top surface (22a)
and includes a slot (22c), and the undersurface (14d) of the post is
concaved to mate it with the saddle (FIG. 7). An adjustment screw (20a)
passes upward through the slot in the saddle and into a threaded hole
(14c) in the post. An adjustment guide (20) can provide additional
stability, but is not vital to the connection. Tightening of the screw
(20a) draws the post down against the saddle. Adjustment can be made to
the angle of attachment by partially loosening the adjustment screw and
moving the post and screw along an axis in line with the slot (FIGS. 6A
and 6B). The ability to make this adjustment, while the instrument's
strings are tuned and the handle is on the post, is provided by removing
the retaining screw (18), to expose the slot (20b) of the adjustment
screw, so that it can be reached with a screwdriver through the threaded
hole in the post. Referring back to the washer (16) above, it is uniquely
shaped in that it has a raised face or hub on one side which is smaller in
diameter than the inside diameter of the cylinder (12) portion of the
handle (FIG. 7), so that when the retaining screw is tightened down, the
hubbed area of the washer transfers greater force to the post's top
surface (14a) than the remainder of the washer transfers to the cylinder's
top surface (12a), effectively binding the screw to the post, and
overcoming the larger surface area and greater frictional drag of the
cylinder during lateral rotation of the handle, which would otherwise
cause unintentional and unwanted loosening of the retaining screw.
Inventors:
|
Denton; Paul (9859 Appletree Pl., Thornton, CO 80260)
|
Appl. No.:
|
521726 |
Filed:
|
March 9, 2000 |
Current U.S. Class: |
84/313 |
Intern'l Class: |
G10D 003/00 |
Field of Search: |
84/313
|
References Cited
U.S. Patent Documents
4604936 | Aug., 1986 | Page et al. | 84/313.
|
4970930 | Nov., 1990 | Secord | 84/306.
|
5046393 | Sep., 1991 | Xenidis | 84/313.
|
5637817 | Jun., 1997 | Sherman | 84/313.
|
Primary Examiner: Hsieh; Shih-Yung
Claims
I claim:
1. A tremolo handle mounting mechanism comprising:
a handle terminating in a hollow cylinder;
a round post having a threaded hole through its center and a base upon
which an end of said cylinder comes into laterally rotatable contact, said
post having a concave bottom surface;
a retaining screw engaging one end of said threaded hole of said post via a
hubbed washer on top of said cylinder, said washer being made of resilient
material;
a string engaging saddle having a slot, a concave bottom surface, and a top
convex surface to mate with said concave bottom surface of said post;
an adjustment guide having a convex top surface to mate with said concave
bottom surface of said saddle;
an adjustment screw engaging other end of said threaded hole of said post
through said adjustment guide and said slot of said saddle such that an
attachment angle of said handle relative to an instrument top can be
changed.
Description
BACKGROUND
1. Field of Invention
This invention relates to mechanical tremolo devices for stringed
instruments such as guitars, and more specifically to a tremolo handle
mounting mechanism.
2. Description of Prior Art
There have been numerous tremolo or vibrato devices described in prior
patents. Many of the features embodied in the device discussed herein were
achieved in one or more such prior patents. The patent which embodies
features most nearly connected to the present invention in general shape
and principles of operation is U.S. Pat. No. 3,056,329 to Paul D. Butts
(1962). The string engaging saddle, spring, and tailpiece as described in
that prior patent are shaped very nearly the same and operate under the
same principle as described below, except that the handle mounting
mechanism differs from the marketed version. The modified handle mounting
mechanism was not patented, but was included in the marketed versions of
the device. A description of this mechanism is given hereinafter, in order
that the present invention may be clearly understood. The basic features
of the above cited tremolo device are as follows:
(1) a tailpiece which fastens to a musical instrument on one end and a
spring on the other end;
(2) a spring in the shape of a curved plate with ends bent to form
attachment clips;
(3) a string engaging saddle which engages both the spring and the strings
of a musical instrument, and;
(4) a handle with mechanism attaching it to the string engaging saddle.
The above parts are held together and fastened to a musical instrument by
various means. The assembled parts form a mechanical tremolo device. The
string engaging saddle floats in a centered position under the opposing
forces of the instrument's strings on one hand, and the spring on the
other hand. The device produces a tremolo effect when a musician playing
the instrument moves the string engaging saddle back and forth across it's
centered position by means of the attached handle. The above movement
alternately loosens and tightens the tension of the strings, thereby
lowering or raising the pitch of the sound produced by the strings. The
handle may be rotated laterally to move it out of the way of the player's
hand, when he or she does not wish to use the tremolo. To facilitate this
lateral rotation, the handle is attached to one side of a cylindrical
shape on it's mounting end, with flat surfaces on the top and bottom of
the cylinder, parallel with each other and perpendicular to the cylinder's
sides. The cylinder slips over a permanently attached round post
projecting outwardly from the string engaging saddle to a length
approximately equalling the depth of the cylinder's sides. The post is
flat on top and is provided with a threaded hole extending down through
it's center and a flat surface around it's base to mate with the bottom of
the handle's cylindrical end. The assembly of these rotatably
interconnected parts is retained from relative separation by a headed
screw with a flat ring washer of suitable resilient material interposed
between the screw head and the top of the post and cylinder. The screw is
intended to hold the handle in any desired position when appropriately
tightened. The handle mounting mechanism described above is not covered by
any patent of which the applicant is aware, but has been in use for many
years; therefore, is described herein only so that the improvements
embodied in the present invention can be clearly illustrated.
There are two deficiencies of the string mounting mechanism described above
wherein improvements are believed by the applicant to be desirable, new,
and useful: (1) the screw that secures the handle tends to loosen
unexpectedly while the instrument is being played, allowing the handle to
drop out of it's lateral position, and; (2) no provision has been made,
short of removing and permanently bending the handle, for adjusting it's
height at the unsupported end where the player grasps it Since the player
pushes this unsupported end of the handle down toward the top surface of
the instrument to lower the string tension, or pulls it up away from the
top surface to raise the string tension, the handle's unsupported end
needs to be at an appropriate level in order to be used effectively and
comfortably.
In analyzing deficiency (1) described on page 2 above, it was found that
excessive frictional drag will occur between the handle cylinder's top and
the washer and screw. The design of the prior art device did not take into
account the fact that equal force would be applied to unequal bearing
surfaces. The top of the cylinder, having a larger diameter than the post,
has a greater bearing surface area than the top of the post, which results
in more total frictional drag on the cylinder's bearing surface than is
imposed on the bearing surface on the top of the post. Since the post
cannot rotate, the washer is carried in rotation with the cylinder by the
greater friction, often rotating the screw with the washer. Adding to the
problem, the bearing surfaces tend to develop unevenness; in effect, they
tend to become tight in one rotational position, and loose in another,
causing the flat washer to bind up on the bottom of the screw head and the
top of the cylinder when the handle is rotated clockwise. Then when the
handle is rotated counter-clockwise, the screw and washer turn with the
cylinder, loosening the assembly and allowing the handle to fall out of
it's position when released by the player.
The deficiency of (2) described on page 2 above, was not addressed in the
cited U.S. Pat. No. 3,056,329 or in it's unpatented modifications. Other
patents may have provided a means to adjust the handle height in various
designs and types of tremolos, but to my knowledge, no means of adjustment
has been provided for the particular style of tremolo discussed herein,
specifically the type of handle mounting mechanism considered above. A
user of this type of tremolo has heretofore been required to remove the
handle, bend it in a vise or something similar, and reinstall it in order
to change the height. This height of the unsupported end of the handle is
dependent upon the angle at which the string engaging saddle comes to rest
when the spring tension versus the collective tension of all the
instrument's strings is equalized. Many different gauges of strings are
available; light, medium, and heavy, with various combinations offered in
sets or individually by several competing manufacturers. Heavy gauge
strings apply more tension on the spring than light gauge strings do,
pulling the handle down toward the top of the instrument. Conversely,
light gauge strings apply less tension on the spring than do heavy gauge
strings, so that the unsupported end of the handle rests relatively
higher. One can see that the height of the tremolo handle can not be
accurately predicted, either when the device is first installed and
strings attached and tuned, or when a set of strings is put on the
instrument which are lighter or heavier than the user has adjusted the
handle height for. For this reason, an easy adjustment is needed.
OBJECTS AND ADVANTAGES
Accordingly, several objects and advantages of the present invention are:
(a) to provide a tremolo handle mounting mechanism wherein the handle is
laterally rotatable and will not unexpectedly loosen and drop out of reach
of the player's hand, as is the case with many tremolos in present use;
(b) to provide a tremolo handle mounting mechanism in which said handle's
lateral position may be intentionally changed or rotated repeatedly with a
degree of frictional resistance conveniently controllable by the user;
(c) to provide a tremolo handle mounting mechanism with an adjustment means
whereby the angle of the handle relative to the plane of an instrument's
top may be conveniently changed after the strings have been engaged to the
string engaging saddle and tuned to the proper pitch, with the tremolo
handle and all of it's associated mounting mechanism (except a retaining
screw) remaining attached to the string engaging saddle of the tremolo
device installed on the instrument.
Further objects and advantages of my invention will become apparent from a
consideration of the drawings and ensuing description.
DRAWING FIGURES
In the drawings, closely related figures have the same number but different
alphabetic suffixes.
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a guitar with a relevant type of tremolo
device attached.
FIG. 2 shows an enlarged partial perspective view of a relevant type of
tremolo device.
FIG. 3 shows an exploded perspective view of a tremolo handle mounting
mechanism.
FIG. 4 shows a top view of a string engaging saddle with adjustment screw
partially hidden.
FIG. 5 shows a top view of a string engaging saddle with handle mounting
mechanism.
FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional end view of a string engaging saddle and a
handle mounting mechanism.
FIG. 6A shows an enlarged cross-sectional end view of a string engaging
saddle and handle mounting mechanism with handle adjusted upward.
FIG. 6B shows an enlarged cross-sectional end view of a string engaging
saddle and handle mounting mechanism with handle adjusted downward.
FIG. 7 shows an enlarged, exploded end view of a string engaging saddle
with handle mounting mechanism.
FIG. 8 shows a partial side view of a guitar and relevant type tremolo
device, and is included only to provide additional clarification.
REFERENCE NUMERALS TO DRAWINGS
10 handle mounting mechanism l0a handle
12 cylinder at end of handle 12a top bearing surface of
12b bottom bearing surface of cylinder
cylinder 14 post
14a topbearing surface of post 14b bearing surface around base
14c threaded hole of post
16 hubbed washer 14d bottom surface of post
20 adjustment guide 18 retaining screw
20b screwdriver slot 20a adjustment screw
22a top surface of saddle at handle 22 string engaging saddle
mounting 22b bottom surface of saddle at
22c slot handle mounting
26 tailpiece 24 spring
DESCRIPTION--FIGS. 1 TO 8
A typical relevant tremolo device attached to a guitar is shown in FIG. 1
for illustration of the most common application of the device. The drawing
illustrates the preferred embodiment of a tremolo of the specific type
most nearly connected to the present invention, with reference numerals
pointing to the basic parts. FIG. 8 is included in order to further
clarify the device's form and function for the reader by showing a partial
side view of a guitar with a tremolo of the type most relevant to this
discussion. In FIG. 1, the location of handle mounting mechanism 10 is
shown, relative to the other basic elements of a tremolo, namely, string
engaging saddle 22, spring 24, and tailpiece 26. Handle mounting mechanism
10 attaches to string engaging saddle 22; saddle 22 fastens onto spring
24; spring 24 fastens onto tailpiece 26, and tailpiece 26 is attached to
the peg end of a guitar.
FIG. 2 is presented as an enlarged partial perspective view of a tremolo in
order to more clearly illustrate how the elements of handle mounting
mechanism 10 fit together, and how string engaging saddle 22 is positioned
with relation to spring 24 and tailpiece 26.
The exploded perspective view of the preferred embodiment of handle
mounting mechanism 10 in FIG. 3 shows the manner in which handle 10a,
cylinder 12, and post 14 join together to form a laterally rotatable
assembly which is fastened to string engaging saddle 22 by passing
adjustment screw 20a through adjustment guide 20 and slot 22c and
threading into threaded hole 14c. The surface referred to as top of saddle
at handle mounting 22a is convexly curved to facilitate adjustment of the
angle of handle 10a relative to the plane of an instrument's top.
Adjustment guide 20 is not necessary to the principle of the adjustment,
but will reduce wear and surface marring on slot 22c, and provide
additional stability.
FIG. 4 shows a top view of string engaging saddle 22, with the upper end of
handle mounting mechanism 10 omitted so the lower end could be shown,
partly in hidden line. This drawing shows the position of slot 22c in
string engaging saddle 22, which slot 22c accommodates adjustment screw
20a. It can be seen that screw 20a is provided with screwdriver slot 20b
on the threaded end thereof, which is normally the top end when installed.
Screwdriver slot 20b is for the purpose of accessing and loosening or
tightening adjustment screw 20a from the top. It can be seen by referring
back to FIG. 3 that retaining screw 18 can be removed to gain access to
screwdriver slot 20b, and by loosening adjustment screw 20a, adjustment of
the angle of handle 10a relative to the plane of the instrument's top can
be made. After this adjustment is made, adjustment screw 20a can be again
tightened and retaining screw 18 can be reinstalled and tightened to
provide the desired frictional resistance for lateral movement of handle
10a.
FIG. 5 is a top view of string engaging saddle 22 showing handle mounting
mechanism 10, partial handle 10a, exposed portion of top of saddle 22a,
and retaining screw 18. This view also shows where the sections are cut
for FIGS. 6, 6A, 6B, and 7.
FIG. 6 shows handle mounting mechanism 10 and string engaging saddle 22 in
cross-section. Handle 10a is illustrated in the central position of the
possible range of adjustment. FIG. 6A shows an enlarged cross-sectional
view of the same elements as FIG. 6, but with greater detail and with
handle 10a parked in the position which elevates it's unsupported end
upward to the approximate upward limit of the adjustment range.
Conversely, FIG. 6B shows the same elements and detail as FIG. 6A, but
with handle 10a parked in the position which lowers it's unsupported end
downward to the approximate downward limit of the adjustment range. These
two enlarged views show all parts comprising the preferred embodiment of
the prior art assembled and incorporated with the present invention in
cross-section. FIG. 7 is presented in a larger scale, exploded end view,
in order to show all these parts separately, with reference numerals
identifying specific surfaces more clearly. FIG. 8 is included for the
purpose of providing additional clarification, showing a partial side view
of a guitar having a relevant type tremolo combined with the preferred
embodiment of my handle mounting mechanism.
Referring to FIGS. 6, 6A, 6B, and 7, the reader will note that the
underside of retaining screw 18 tightens down against the flat top side of
hubbed washer 16, which is made of a suitable resilient material such as
nylon. The hubbed portion of the underside of washer 16 in turn tightens
down against the flat top bearing surface 14a of post 14, and cold flow of
the resilient material of washer 16 will accommodate any small
manufacturing irregularities to make operation of this connection very
smooth In conjunction, the remainder of the underside of washer 16
tightens down against the top bearing surface 12a of cylinder 12, which
encircles post 14, and from which handle 10a extends. The bottom bearing
surface 12b of cylinder 12 tightens down against the bearing surface 14b
around the base of post 14. All of the above tightening is accomplished by
screwing retaining screw 18 into threaded hole 14c.
Continuing, the bottom surface 14d of post 14, which is concave in the
shape of a segment of the inside of a hollow cylinder, tightens down
against the top surface 22a of string engaging saddle 22, which surface
22a is convex in the shape of a segment of a cylinder to mate with surface
14d. The bottom surface 22b of saddle 22 is concave, similar to 14d,
having a radius which is sufficiently smaller than that of surfaces 14d
and 22b to match the thickness of the material of saddle 22 at the
location of the mounting mechanism 10. The top surface of adjustment guide
20 is convex to mate with surface 22b, and is tightened up against surface
22b by means of adjustment screw 20a. Screw 20a passes through a
countersunk hole in guide 20, continues upward through slot 22c in saddle
22, and screws into threaded hole 14c. Screw 20a secures post 14 and guide
20 to saddle 22, and screwdriver slot 20b provides the means for making
adjustments to the angle of handle 10a relative to the horizontal plane of
the tremolo device and instrument onto which it is attached.
As an aside, it should be noted that either or both of the surfaces 14d and
22a can be circular and smooth as described above, or in steps,
corrugations, a polygon, or other similar shape, and still be workable.
From the description above, some advantages of my adjustable handle
mounting mechanism become evident:
(a) The entire mechanism can be removed from the string engaging saddle and
repaired or replaced, if so desired.
(b) Adjustment can be made to set the angle of the handle relative to the
horizontal plane of the instrument by removing only the retaining screw.
Expressed differently, this provides a means to change the height at the
unsupported end of the handle after an instrument's strings have been
tuned up to pitch, and while the handle is still resting over the post on
a tremolo's string engaging saddle. It is important to be able to make the
adjustment with the handle in place and the strings tightened, because
without these conditions, a player can not know exactly what the handle's
angle needs to be.
(c) The hub provided on the washer to be interposed between the retaining
screw and the top of the post is a slight, yet significant modification to
the flat washer used in the prior art handle mounting. In the present
invention, this hub comes in contact with the top of the post (which can
not rotate) slightly before contacting the top of the cylinder. When the
retaining screw is tightened down, the hub portion of the washer exerts
considerably more force on the post than the remaining flat portion of the
washer exerts on the top of the cylinder, thereby overcoming the greater
surface friction area of the cylinder. This allows the handle to be
rotated laterally back and forth repeatedly without loosening the
retaining screw.
OPERATION
The manner of using my mechanism, attached to a tremolo as described in the
preceding text, with such a tremolo attached to a guitar as shown in FIGS.
1 and 8 in the drawings, is identical in most basic aspects to that for
tremolos in present use. Namely, a player first strums the guitar strings.
Next, the player grasps the handle of the tremolo and moves it either
downward toward to guitar's top (which movement lowers the tension of the
strings) or upward away from the guitar's top (which movement raises the
tension of the strings), or alternately downward and upward, thereby
producing a true tremolo or vibrato in the sustained tones of the
instrument's strings. When using my handle mounting mechanism as just
described, the foregoing basic functions are unchanged. Rather, my present
invention offers a solution to two problems which players have long
experienced with the tremolo handle's position while performing the above
functions. In the text under "Background--Description of Prior Art" above
on pages 2 and 3, I referred to the above two problems as deficiencies (1)
and (2). In deficiency (1), the screw that retains a tremolo's handle
tends to loosen unexpectedly, allowing the handle to fall out of the
player's convenient reach. The addition of a raised hub to the underside
of washer 16 (FIG. 7) prevents unintentional loosening of retaining screw
18 by exerting greater force onto post 14 than is exerted onto cylinder
12. The greater force has the effect of locking the washer 16 and screw 18
to post 14, while the lesser force exerted onto cylinder 12 allows the
cylinder to be rotated laterally by intentional movement of handle 10a by
a player. A suitable frictional resistance to such movement is achieved by
appropriate tightening of screw 18.
The manner of using the portion of the present invention which solves the
second problem mentioned above (referring to deficiency (2) on pages 2 and
3) is to first unscrew and remove the retaining screw 18 from handle
mounting mechanism 10. Secondly, insert a screwdriver down into threaded
hole 14c and position it's end firmly into screwdriver slot 20b. Thirdly,
twist the screwdriver clockwise, loosening screw 20a only a sufficient
amount to allow movement of handle mounting mechanism 10 backward or
forward in line with slot 22c (FIG. 3 and FIG. 4). Next, move mechanism 10
back toward the peg end of the guitar to raise the unsupported end of
handle 10a, or forward toward the neck of the guitar to lower the
unsupported end of handle 10a. Then tighten screw 20a with the
screwdriver, twisting counterclockwise until mechanism 10 is again firmly
attached to saddle 22. Lastly, replace retaining screw 18, tightening it
until a suitable frictional resistance for lateral rotation of handle 10a
is achieved.
As an aside, it should be noted that there are other types of fasteners
beside slotted screws which could be utilized in place of the slotted
screws described above. Allen sockets, hex heads, and other types could
possibly serve the purpose. Another item to be noted is the raised hub
added to the washer shown in FIG. 7, which could be a separate ring of
material placed under a flat washer. These and other minor changes may be
made without altering the principle or operation of the mechanism and
still fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
CONCLUSION, RAMIFICATIONS, AND SCOPE OF INVENTION
Accordingly, the reader will see that the adjustable handle mounting
mechanism of this invention can be used easily and conveniently, can be
removed easily for repairs or replacement, and can be adjusted to suit the
requirements and preferences of individual users. In addition, when the
mechanism has been used to make adjustments to suit a specific set of
conditions, and later the user wishes to readjust for a different set of
conditions, such adjustments as are described above can be made easily and
conveniently without any damage to the mechanism. Furthermore, the
mechanism has the additional advantages in that:
(a) It is very smooth in operation, without the typical slackness
associated with most tremolo handle mounting mechanisms in present use,
due in large part to the design of the hubbed washer and the improved cold
flow of the resilient material afforded by the narrow hub;
(b) It has an appearance of quality; of being sturdy without being overly
bulky, which makes it desirable for use on other styles of tremolos in
addition to the style described above;
(c) It is a highly reliable, economical device which can be used by persons
of almost any age.
Although the description above contains many specificities, these should
not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention but as merely
providing illustrations of some of the presently preferred embodiments of
this invention. For example, the string engaging saddle can have other
shapes, such as flat on top with the addition of an element that is
rounded on top and bottom, or polygonal, or square with partially rounded
surfaces, etc.
Thus the scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims
and their legal equivalents, rather than by the examples given.
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