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| United States Patent |
6,068,990
|
|
Shintani
, et al.
|
May 30, 2000
|
Proteins, their production and use
Abstract
This invention relates to a novel calpain having a proteolytic activity,
its partial peptide or a salt either of them, a DNA coding for the
protein, a recombinant vector comprising the DNA, a transformant carrying
the recombinant vector, a process for producing the protein, a
pharmaceutical composition comprising the DNA, an antibody against the
protein, a method for screening for a compound which activates or inhibits
a proteolytic activity of the protein, a kit for screening for the
compound, and a compound which activates or inhibits a proteolytic
activity of the protein which is identified by the screening method or the
kit. The DNA coding for the protein of the present invention can be used
as a therapeutic and prophylactic composition for a variety of diseases
including tumor, cerebral apoplexy, cerebral infarction, subarachnoid
hemorrhage, Alzheimer's disease, myodystrophy, cataract, ischemic heart
disease, atherosclerosis, arthritis, and collagen disease. Furthermore,
the protein of the present invention is useful as a screening reagent for
any compounds which activates or inhibits the function of the protein of
the present invention. In addition, the antibody against the protein of
the present invention specifically recognizes the protein of the present
invention and can be used in the quantitative determination of the protein
of the present invention in a test fluid.
| Inventors:
|
Shintani; Yasushi (Tsukuba, JP);
Nishi; Kazunori (Tsukuba, JP);
Kawamoto; Tomohiro (Osaka, JP)
|
| Assignee:
|
Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, JP)
|
| Appl. No.:
|
157349 |
| Filed:
|
September 18, 1998 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
| Current U.S. Class: |
435/69.1; 435/219; 435/226; 435/252.3; 435/320.1; 530/350; 536/23.1; 536/23.2; 536/23.5 |
| Intern'l Class: |
C12P 021/00 |
| Field of Search: |
435/69.1,252.3,320.1,219,226
536/23.1,23.5,23.2
530/350
|
References Cited
U.S. Patent Documents
| 5874277 | Feb., 1999 | Shintani et al. | 435/219.
|
| Foreign Patent Documents |
| WO 95/26506 | Oct., 1995 | WO.
| |
| WO 95/33060 | Dec., 1995 | WO.
| |
Other References
Legendre et al. (1988) Inflammation 12/1, pp. 51-65.
Sorimachi et al. 1993) J. Biol. Chem. 90, pp. 19476-19482.
Database GenBank on STN, Accession No. A48764, Sorimachi et al.(1993).
Saito, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. USA, vol. 90, (1993) pp. 2628-2632.
Sorimachi, et al., J. of Biol. Chem., vol. 90 (1993) pp. 19476-19482.
Legendre, et al., inflammation, vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 51-65 (1988).
Saido, et al., The FASEB Journal, vol. 8, pp. 814-822 (1994).
|
Primary Examiner: Carlson; Karen Cochrane
Assistant Examiner: Longton; Enrique D.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Conlin; David G., Lowen; Cara Z.
Dike, Bronstein, Roberts & Cushman, LLP
Parent Case Text
This application is a divisional application of Ser. No. 08/835,099 filed
Apr. 4, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,874,277. This application claims
priority under 119 to Japanese document 087649/1996 filed May 4, 1996.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An isolated DNA which contains a DNA comprising a nucleotide sequence
coding for a protein comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ
ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:2 or a salt thereof.
2. The DNA according to claim 1, which comprises a nucleotide sequence
represented by SEQ ID NO.5 or SEQ ID NO.6.
3. A recombinant vector comprising the DNA according to claim 1.
4. A transformant carrying the recombinant vector according to claim 3.
5. A process for producing a protein or a salt thereof comprising the amino
acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:2, which comprises
culturing a transformant according to claim 4 under conditions suitable to
express said protein.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel protein showing an activity of
calpain which is a calcium-dependent neutral protease.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
There are some proteins which require a qualitative modification for their
activation. The modification is usually carried out post-translationally
(e.g. phosphorylation, processing, lipid modification) and through
interactions with other proteins (e.g. binding subunits, endogenous
inhibitors). Therefore, if the above regulation would be disturbed, a
variety of pathological processes might be induced and cause cell death or
tissue destruction. Proteases present as a modulator of intracellular
signalling and capable of regulating other intracellular proteins are
attractive pharmaceutical target to investigate (Trends in Biological
Science, 14, 268-271 (1989)).
Calpain is an intracellular cysteine protease, the activity of which is
regulated by calcium ions. It has therefore been believed that calpain
functions as a regulatory molecule in cellular functions. Two calpains,
.mu.-calpain and m-calpain, which require low and high micromolar
Ca.sup.2+ concentration for activation, respectively, were discovered in
poultry and many mammalian animals in an early stage of research.
Recently, several calpains have been reported in nematodes and Drosophilas
(e.g. sol and CalpA from Drosophilas and Ce-CL2 and Ce-CL3 from
nematodes). Furthermore, two tissue-specific calpains also have been
discovered in higher vertebrates. They are p94 (nCL-1), which is
specifically expressed in the skeletal muscles of human, rat, and chicken,
and nCL-2 and nCL-2', which are reported to be most highly expressed in
the stomach of rats. It is known that some of modulating proteins (e.g.
protein kinase C, MAP kinase) comprises a large number of isoforms to
control diverse cellular functions. Therefore, it is believed that unknown
calpains isoforms exist. At the present time, in humans, only three
calpains are known, .mu.-calpain and m-calpain, which are ubiquitous in
vertebrate tissues, and p94 (nCL-1).
Isolation of novel calpains can provide a new pharmaceutical compound and
composition for treatment of diseases where normal levels of calpain are
lacking, thus causing a loss of control of cell growth, i.e., diseases
such as cancer. Discovery and isolation of new calpains also will
contribute to a still further detailed exploration into the implication of
calpain in the Ca.sup.2+ -activated signal transduction system and, should
it be found to be tissue-specific, into the relationship of calpain with
various tissue-specific diseases. It would also enable us to develop new
drugs which would either activate or inhibit an activity of the calpain
and thus be useful for the prevention and therapy of various diseases.
Thus, in the technological area to which the present invention pertains,
there has been a standing need for isolating novel human calpain isoforms
and for developing a method for high production of such calpains.
The inventors of the present invention did much research for solving the
above problems and succeeded in cloning a cDNA having a novel nucleotide
sequence from a human leukocyte-derived cDNA library. They found that the
protein encoded by this cDNA is a calpain. The present inventors made
further investigations based on these findings, and accomplished the
present invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides:
(1) A protein comprising an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 1
or a substantial equivalent thereto, or a salt thereof,
(2) The protein according to (1), which comprises an amino acid sequence
represented by SEQ ID NO. 2,
(3) The protein according to (1), which is a human calpain,
(4) A partial peptide of the protein according to (1), which shows the
activity of the protein according to (1),
(5) An isolated DNA which contains a DNA comprising a nucleotide sequence
coding for the protein according to (1),
(6) The DNA according to (5), which comprises a nucleotide sequence
represented by SEQ ID NO. 5 or SEQ ID NO. 6,
(7) A recombinant vector comprising the DNA according to (5),
(8) A transformant carrying the recombinant vector according to (7),
(9) A process for producing a protein or a salt thereof according to (1),
which comprises culturing a transformant according to (8) under conditions
suitable to express the protein,
(10) A pharmaceutical composition which comprises the DNA according to (5),
(11) The pharmaceutical composition according to (10), which is a
therapeutic or prophylactic composition for cancer, cerebral apoplexy,
cerebral infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhange, Alzheimer's disease,
myodystrophy, cataract, ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, arthritis
or collagen disease,
(12) An antibody against the protein according to (1) or the partial
peptide according to (4),
(13) A method for screening for a compound which activates or inhibits a
proteolytic activity of the protein according to (1) or the partial
peptide according to (4), which comprises measuring and comparing a
proteolytic activity of the protein according to (1) or the partial
peptide according to (4), in case of (i) a substrate is contacted with the
protein according to (1) or the partial peptide according to (4) and (ii)
a substrate and a test compound are contacted with the protein according
to (1) or the partial peptide according to (4),
(14) A kit for screening for a compound which activates or inhibits a
proteolytic activity of the protein according to (1) or the partial
peptide according to (4), which comprises the protein according to (1) or
the partial peptide according to (4),
(15) A compound which activates or inhibits a proteolytic activity of the
protein according to (1) or the partial peptide according to (4), which is
identified by the screening method according to (13) or the kit according
to (14), and
(16) A method for treating or preventing cancer, cerebral apoplexy,
cerebral infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhange, Alzheimer's disease,
myodystrophy, cataract, ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, arthritis
or collagen disease in a mammal, which comprises administering an
effective amount of the DNA according to (5) to the mammal.
Moreover, the present invention provides:
(17) An isolated DNA which hybridizes under highstringent condition to a
DNA comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 5 or SEQ ID
NO. 6,
(18) A recombinant vector comprising the DNA according to (17),
(19) A transformant carrying the recombinant vector according to (18),
(20) A process for producing a protein or a salt thereof comprising
culturing a transformant according to (19) under conditions suitable to
express the protein,
(21) A protein produced by the process according to (20),
(22) A pharmaceutical composition which comprises the compound which
activates a proteolytic activity of the protein according to (1) or the
partial peptide according to (4), which is identified by the screening
method according to (13) or the kit according to (14),
(23) The pharmaceutical composition according to (22) which is a
therapeutic or prophylactic composition for cancer,
(24) A pharmaceutical composition which comprises the compound which
inhibits a proteolytic activity of the protein according to (1) or the
partial peptide according to (4), which is identified by the screening
method according to (13) or the kit according to (14),
(25) The pharmaceutical composition according to (24) which is a
therapeutic or prophylactic composition for cerebral apoplexy, cerebral
infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhange, Alzheimer's disease, myodystrophy,
cataract, ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, arthritis or collagen
disease,
(26) A method of quantitative determination of the protein according to (1)
or the partial peptide according to (4) in test liquid sample, which
comprises
(a) competitively reacting the test liquid sample and a labeled protein
according to (1) or partial peptide according to (4) with the antibody
according to (12), and
(b) measuring the ratio of the labeled protein according to (1) or partial
peptide according to (4) binding with the antibody, and
(27) A method of quantitative determination of the protein according to (1)
or the partial peptide according to (4) in test liquid sample, which
comprises
(a) reacting the test liquid sample with the antibody according to (12)
immobilized on an insoluble carrier and a labeled antibody according to
(12) simultaneously or continuously, and
(b) measuring the activity of the labeling agent on the insoluble carrier.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows the nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:6) of the DNA encoding the
human captain of the present invention and the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID
NO:2) of the human calpain encoded by the DNA.
FIG. 2 shows the nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:10) of the DNA encoding
human calpain small subunit and the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:9) of
the protein encoded by the DNA.
FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D show the electrophoretogram of Northern blot
analysis for mRNAs prepared from various human tissues, where (1)
represents heart, (2) brain, (3) placenta, (4) lung, (5) liver, (6)
skeletal muscle, (7) kidney, (8) pancreas, (9) spleen, (10) thymus, (11)
prostate, (12) testis, (13) ovary, (14) small intestine, (15) large
intestine, and (16) peripheral white blood cell. FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D
show the amounts of expression of mRNA encoding the human calpain of the
present invention, large subunit of .mu.-calpain, small subunit of calpain
and .beta.-actin, respectively. The figure at right (kb) represents the
size of RNA molecular weight marker.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The protein comprising an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 1
or its substantial equivalent thereto of the present invention
(hereinafter referred to as the protein of the present invention) may be
(1) a protein derived from cells of human and other warm-blooded animals
(e.g. guinea pig, rat, mouse, chicken, rabbit, swine, sheep, bovine,
monkey, etc.) such as liver cell, splenocytes, nerve cell, glia cell, B
cell, bone marrow cell, mesangial cell, Langerhans' cell, epidermic cell,
epithelial cell, endothelial cell, fibroblast, fibrocyte, myocyte, fat
cell, immune cell (e.g. macrophage, T cell, B cell, natural killer cell,
mast cell, neutorphil, basophil, eosinophil, monocyte), megakaryocyte,
synovial cell, chondrocyte, bone cell, osteoblast, osteoclast, mammary
gland cell, hepatocyte, interstitial cell, etc., the corresponding
precursor cells, stem cells, cancer cells, etc., or any tissues where such
cells are present, such as brain or any of its regions (e.g. olfactory
bulb, amygdaloid nucleus, basal ganglia, hippocampus, thalamus,
hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, medulla oblongata, cerebellum, etc.),
spinal cord, hypophysis, stomach, pancreas, kidney, liver, gonad, thyroid,
gall-bladder, bone marrow, adrenal gland, skin, muscle, lung,
gastrointestinal tract (e.g. large intestine and small intestine), blood
vessel, heart, thymus, spleen, submandibular gland, peripheral blood,
prostate, testis, ovary, placenta, uterus, bone, joint, skeletal muscle,
etc., (2) a protein derived from cultured human cell lines (e.g. MEL, M1,
CTLL-2, HT-2, WEHI-3, HL-60, JOSK-1, K562, ML-1, MOLT-3, MOLT-4, MOLT-10,
CCRF-CEM, TALL-1, Jurkat, CCRT-HSB-2, KE-37, SKW-3, HUT-78, HUT-102, H9,
U937, THP-1, HEL, JK-1, CMK, KO-812, MEG-01, etc.), or (3) synthetic
protein.
Examples of the substantial equivalent amino acid sequence to the amino
acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 1 are an amino acid sequence of
not less than about 85%, preferably not less than about 90%, more
preferably not less than about 95% identity to the amino acid sequence
represented by SEQ ID NO. 1 and so on. More preferable examples are (1) an
amino acid sequence of not less than about 85%, preferably not less than
about 90%, more preferably not less than about 95% identity to the amino
acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 1, which comprises an amino acid
sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 3 or/and SEQ ID NO. 4, (2) an amino
acid sequence of not less than about 85%, preferably not less than about
90%, more preferably not less than about 95% identity to the amino acid
sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 2, which comprises an amino acid
sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 3 or/and SEQ ID NO. 4, and so on.
Examples of the protein comprising a substantial equivalent to the amino
acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 1 are a protein which comprises a
substantial equivalent amino acid sequence to the amino acid sequence
represented by SEQ ID NO. 1 and has a substantial equivalent activity to
the protein comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO.
1, and so on.
Examples of the substantial equivalent activity are a proteolytic activity
(e.g. activity of proteases such as proteinases, peptidases, etc.), a
binding activity to Ca.sup.2+ and other activities of the calpain of the
present invention. The term "substantial equivalent" means that the nature
of these activities are equivalent. Therefore, it is preferred that the
strength of these activities such as a proteolytic activity and a binding
activity to Ca.sup.2+ is equivalent (e.g. about 0.1 to about 100 times,
preferably about 0.5 to about 10 times, more preferably about 0.5 to about
2 times), and it is allowable that even differences among grades such as
the strength of these activities and molecular weight of the protein are
present.
Activities such as a proteolytic activity and a binding activity to
Ca.sup.2+ may be measured by per se known methods. For example, they may
be measured by the method for screening as mentioned below.
The proteins of the present invention include muteins such as proteins
comprising (1) an amino acid sequence wherein 1 or more amino acid
residues (for example 1 to 30, preferably 1 to 10, more preferably a few
amino acid residues) are deleted from the amino acid sequence represented
by SEQ ID NO. 1 or SEQ ID NO. 2, (2) an amino acid sequence wherein 1 or
more amino acid residues (for example 1 to 30, preferable 1 to 10, more
preferable a few amino acid residues) are added to the amino acid sequence
represented by SEQ ID NO. 1 or SEQ ID NO. 2, (3) an amino acid sequence
wherein 1 or more amino acid residues (for example 1 to 30, preferably 1
to 10, more preferably a few amino acid residues) in the amino acid
sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 1 or SEQ ID NO. 2 are substituted with
one or more other amino acid residues, or (4) combinations thereof.
When the amino acid sequence of the proteins are deleted or substituted as
mentioned above, examples of the positions of deletion or substitution
are, for example, other than (1) 98th to 105th amino acid sequence of the
amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 1 (an amino acid sequence
represented by SEQ ID NO. 3), (2) 262nd to 286th amino acid sequence of
the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 1 (an amino acid
sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 4) and so on.
When the amino acid sequence of the proteins are added as mentioned above,
examples of amino acid sequences are an amino acid sequence represented by
SEQ ID NO. 2 wherein 9 amino acids residues are added to the N-terminus of
the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 1.
Throughout this specification, proteins are represented in accordance with
the conventions for description of peptides, that is the N-terminus (amino
terminus) at left and the C-terminus (carboxyl terminus) at right. The
protein of the present invention including the protein containing the
amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 is usually in the carboxyl (--COOH) or
carboxylate (--COO.sup.-) form at the C-terminus but may be in the amide
(--CONH.sub.2) or ester (--COOR) form.
The ester residue R includes a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group (e.g. methyl, ethyl,
n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, etc., a C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl group (e.g.
cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc.), a C.sub.6-12 aryl group (e.g. phenyl,
.alpha.-naphthyl, etc.), a C.sub.7-14 aralkyl group such as a
phenyl-C.sub.1-2 alkyl group (e.g. benzyl, phenethyl, etc.) and
.alpha.-naphthyl-C.sub.1-2 alkyl, (e.g. .alpha.-naphthylmethyl, etc.), as
well as pivaloyloxymethyl which is universally used for the production of
esters for oral administration.
When the protein of the present invention has a carboxyl (or carboxylate)
function in any position other than the C-terminus, the corresponding
carboxamide or ester form is also included in the scope of the invention.
The ester mentioned just above may be any of the esters mentioned for the
C-terminal carboxyl function.
Furthermore, the protein of the present invention includes (1) the protein
in which the N-terminal Met has been protected with a protective group
(e.g. C.sub.1-6 acyl such as formyl or acetyl, etc.), (2) the protein in
which the N-terminal side of Glu has been cleaved in vivo to form
pyroglutamine, (3) the protein in which the side chain of any relevant
constituent amino acid (e.g. OH, COOH, NH.sub.2, SH) has been protected by
any protective group (e.g. a formyl group, an acetyl group, etc.), and (4)
the complex protein such as glycoproteins available upon attachment of
sugar chains.
Preferable Examples of the proteins of the present invention are human
calpain such as a human leukocyte-derived protein comprising an amino acid
sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 1 or SEQ ID NO. 2 (FIG. 1).
Examples of the partial peptide of the present invention are any partial
peptides of the protein of the present invention as mentioned above which
have a proteolytic activity. For example, the partial peptides include
peptides comprising at least not less than about 20, preferably not less
than about 50, more preferably not less than about 70, for still better
result, not less than about 100, best result, not less than 200 amino acid
residues of the amino acid sequence of the proteins of the present
invention.
Preferable examples of the partial peptide of the present invention are a
peptide which comprises an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 3
or/and SEQ ID NO. 4, or its substantial equivalent thereto and has a
substantial equivalent activity to the protein comprising the amino acid
sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 1.
Examples of the substantial equivalent amino acid sequence to the amino
acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 3 or/and SEQ ID NO. 4 are an amino
acid sequence of not less than about 85%, preferably not less than about
90%, more preferably not less than about 95% identity to the amino acid
sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 3 or/and SEQ ID NO. 4.
The amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 3 shows an amino acid
sequence from .sup.98 Cys to .sup.105 Cys of the amino acid sequence
represented by SEQ ID NO. 1, and the amino acid sequence represented by
SEQ ID NO. 4 shows an amino acid sequence from .sup.262 His to .sup.286
Asn of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 1. The both amino
acid sequences show amino acid sequences of catalytic domain of the
protein of the present invention.
The term "substantial equivalent activity" has the same meaning as defined
above. The "substantial equivalent activity" can be measured by the same
method as mentioned above.
In the partial peptides of the present invention, 1 or more amino acid
residues (preferably 1 to 10, more preferably a few amino acid residues)
of its amino acid sequence may be deleted, or 1 or more amino acid
residues (preferably 1 to 10, more preferably a few amino acid residues)
may be added to its amino acid sequence, or 1 or more amino acid residues
(preferably 1 to 10, more preferably a few amino acid residues) in its
amino acid sequence may be substituted with one or more other amino acid
residues.
The peptide of the present invention is usually in the carboxyl (--COOH) or
carboxylate (--COO.sup.- form at the C-terminus, but may instead be in
the amide (--CONH.sub.2) or ester (--COOR) form as same as the protein of
the present invention as mentioned above.
Furthermore, the partial peptide of the present invention includes (1) the
peptide in which the N-terminal Met has been protected with a protective
group, (2) the peptide in which the N-terminal side of Glu has been
cleaved in vivo to form pyroglutamine, (3) the peptide in which the side
chain or any relevant constituent amino acid has been protected by any
protective group, and (4) the complex peptide such as glycoproteins
available upon attachment of sugar chains as same as the protein of the
present invention as mentioned above.
The salt of the protein or the partial peptide of the present invention
includes salts with physiologically acceptable bases, e.g. alkali metals
or acids such as organic or inorganic acids, and is preferably a
physiologically acceptable acid addition salt. Examples of such salts are
salts thereof with inorganic acids (e.g. hydrochloric acid, phosphoric
acid, hydrobromic acid or sulfuric acid, etc.) and salts thereof with
organic acids (e.g. acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, fumaric
acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid,
oxalic acid, benzoic acid, methanesulfonic acid or benzenesulfonic acid,
etc.)
The protein or a salt thereof of the present invention can be produced from
the tissues or cells of human or other warm-blooded animals by the per se
known purification technology or, as described hereinafter, by culturing a
transformant carrying a DNA encoding the protein. It can also be produced
in accordance with the procedures for peptide synthesis which are
described hereinafter.
When the protein of the present invention is produced from the tissues or
cells of human or other warm-blooded animals, the tissues or cells of
human or other warm-blood animals is homogenized and the protein of the
present invention is extracted by acids, etc. The protein can be purified
and isolated from the extracted solution by a combination of
chromatography such as reverse phase chromatography, ion exchange
chromatography and so on.
For the synthesis of the protein of the present invention, a partial
peptide thereof or their salts, or their amides form, any of the
commercial resins available for protein synthesis can be employed. Among
such resins are chloromethyl resin, hydroxymethyl resin, benzhydrylamino
resin, aminomethyl resin, 4-benzyloxybenzyl alcohol resin,
4-methylbenzhydrylamino resin, PAM resin,
4-hydroxymethyl-methylphenylacetamidomethyl resin, polyacrylamide resin,
4-(2',4'-dimethoxyphenyl-hydroxymethyl)phenoxy resin, and
4-(2',4'-dimethoxyphenyl-Fmoc-aminoethyl)phenoxy resin. Using such a
resin, amino acids which may be protected at side-chain functional groups
in a suitable manner beforehand can be serially condensed with the
.alpha.-amino group in the order corresponding to the amino acid sequence
of the objective protein by various condensation techniques which are per
se known. After completion of the final condensation reaction, the protein
is cut out from the resin and the protective groups are removed. Then, in
highly diluted solution, the intramolecular disulfide-forming reaction is
carried out to provide the objective proteins or amides thereof.
Referring to the above condensation of protected amino acids, various
activators known to be useful for protein synthesis can be utilized, and
carbodiimide reagents are especially preferred. The carbodiimide reagents
include are DCC, N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide, and
N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminoprolyl)carbodiimide and so on. For activation
by these reagents, the protected amino acid and a recemization inhibitor
(e.g. HOBt, HOOBt, etc.) can be directly added to the resin, or the
protected amino acid can be activated beforehand in the form of symmetric
acid anhydride, HOBt ester or HOOBt ester and, then, added to the resin.
The solvent used for the above-mentioned activation of protected amino
acids or the conjugation thereof to the resin can be liberally selected
from among the solvents known to be useful for protein condensation
reactions. Example of the solvent are acid amides (e.g.
N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, etc.),
halogenated hydrocarbons (e.g. methylene chloride, chloroform, etc.),
alcohols (e.g. trifluoroethanol, sulfoxides (e.g. dimethyl sulfoxide,
etc.), ethers (e.g. pyridine, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, etc.), nitriles
(e.g. acetonitrile, propionitrile, etc.), esters (e.g. methyl acetate,
ethyl acetate, etc.), and suitable mixtures of these solvents. The
reaction temperature can be selected from the range known to be useful for
protein-forming reactions, usually the range of about -20.degree. C. to
about 50.degree. C. The activated amino acid derivative is generally used
in a 1.5 to 4-fold excess. When the condensation is found insufficient by
ninhydrin assay, the reaction can be repeated to make the sufficient
condensation thorough. When sufficient condensation can not be achieved by
repeated reaction, the unreacted amino acid can be acetylated by using
acetic anhydride or acetylimidazole.
The protective groups for protecting the amino group of the starting
compound include Z, Boc, tert-pentyloxycarbonyl, isobornyloxycarbonyl,
4-methoxy-benzyloxycarbonyl, Cl-Z, Br-Z, adamantyloxycarbonyl,
trifluoroacetyl, phthaloyl, formyl, 2-nitrophenylsulfenyl,
diphenylphosphinothioyl, Fmoc, and so on.
The carboxyl group can be protected in the form of, for example, an alkyl
ester (e.g. straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl esters such as
methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, tert-butyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,
cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, 2-adamantyl, and so on), an aralkyl ester (e.g.
benzyl, 4-nitrobenzyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, 4-chlorobenzyl, benzhydryl, and so
on), phenacyl ester, benzyloxycarbonylhydrazide,
tert-butoxycarbonylhydrazide or tritylhydrazide.
The hydroxyl group of serine can be protected in the form of an ester or an
ether. The group suitable for esterification includes carboxylic
acid-derived acyl groups such as a lower alkanoyl group (e.g. acetyl,
etc.), an aroyl group (e.g. benzoyl, etc.), a benzyloxycarbonyl, an
ethoxycarbonyl group and so on. The group suitable for etherification
includes a benzyl group, a tetrahydropyranyl group, a t-butyl group and so
on.
The protective group used for protecting the phenolic hydroxyl group of
tyrosine includes Bzl, Cl.sub.2 -Bzl, 2-nitrobenzyl, Br-Z, tert-butyl and
so on.
The protective group for the imidazole group of histidine includes Tos,
4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonyl, DNP, benzyloxymethyl, Bum, Boc,
Trt, Fmoc and so on.
The starting compound with activated carboxy groups includes the
corresponding acid anhydride, azide, and active ester (e.g. esters with
alcohols such as pentachlorophenol, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol,
2,4-dinitrophenol, cyanomethyl alcohol, p-nitrophenol, HONB,
N-hydroxysuccinimide, N-hydroxyphthalimide, HOBt, etc.). The starting
compound with activated amino groups includes the corresponding phosphoric
acid amide.
The method for removal of such protective groups includes catalytic
reduction in a hydrogen stream in the presence of a catalyst (e.g. Pd
black or Pd-on-carbon), acid treatment with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride,
methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid
or a mixture thereof, treatment with a base such as diisopropylethylamine,
triethylamine, piperidine, piperazine or the like, and reduction with
sodium metal in liquid ammonia. The above deprotection by treatment with
acid is generally conducted at a temperature of about -20.degree. C. to
40.degree. C. This acid treatment can be carried out advantageously in the
presence of a cation acceptor such as anisole, phenol, thioanisole,
m-cresol, p-cresol, dimethyl sulfide, 1,4-butanedithiol,
1,2-ethanedithiol, or the like. The 2,4-dinitrophenyl group used for
protecting the imidazole group of histidine can be removed by treatment
with thiophenol, and the formyl group used for protecting the indole group
of tryptophan can be removed not only by said acid treatment in the
presence of 1,2-ethanedithiol, 1,4-butanedithiol or the like as described
hereinbefore, but also by alkali treatment with diluted sodium hydroxide
solution, diluted liquid ammonia, or the like.
The method for protecting any functional group that should not take part in
the contemplated reaction, the protective group to be used for such
protection, the method for eliminating the protective group, and the
method for activating the functional group to be involved in the
contemplated reaction can all be liberally selected from among the known
methods and groups.
An alternative method for providing the protein in amide form typically
comprises protecting the .alpha.-carboxyl group of the C-terminal amino
acid in the form of an amide, extending the peptide (protein) chain to a
desired length towards the N-terminus, deprotecting the N-terminal
.alpha.-amino acid of the resulting peptide chain selectively to provide
an N-terminal-deprotected fragment, preparing a peptide (protein) fragment
with its C-terminal carboxyl group selectively deprotected, and condensing
the two fragments in a solvent such as the mixed solvent mentioned
hereinbefore. The condensation reaction can be carried out in the same
manner as described hereinbefore. After purification of the protected
protein thus obtained by condensation, all the protective groups are
eliminated by the procedures described hereinbefore to provide the
contemplated protein in crude form. This crude protein is purified by
suitable known purification techniques and lyophilized to provide the
desired protein amide.
A method for providing the protein in an ester form comprises condensing
the .alpha.-carboxyl group of the C-terminal amino acid with suitable
alcohols to prepare the corresponding ester and subjecting this ester to
the same procedure as described for purification of the protein amide to
provide the objective protein ester.
The partial peptide of the protein of the present invention or a salt
thereof can be produced by per se known procedures for peptide synthesis
or by cleaving the protein with a suitable peptidase. The process for
peptide synthesis may be a solid-phase synthesis and/or a liquid-phase
synthesis. Namely, the objective peptide can be produced by condensing a
partial peptide or amino acid capable of constituting the protein with the
residual part thereof and, when the product has a protective group, the
protective group is removed whereupon a desire peptide can be
manufactured. The known technology for condensation and deprotection
includes the procedures described in the following literature (1)-(5).
(1) M. Bodanszky and M. A. Ondetti, Peptide Synthesis, Interscience
Publishers, New York, 1966
(2) Schroeder and Luebke, The Peptide, Academic Press, New York, 1965
(3) Nobuo Izumiya et al., Fundamentals and Experiments in Peptide
Synthesis, Maruzen, 1975
(4) Haruaki Yajima and Shumpei Sakakibara, Biochemical Experiment Series 1,
Protein Chemistry IV, 205, 1977
(5) Haruaki Yajima (ed.), Development of Drugs-Continued, 14, Peptide
Synthesis, Hirokawa Shoten
After the reaction, the partial peptide of the present invention can be
purified and isolated by a combination of conventional purification
techniques such as solvent extraction, distillation, column
chromatography, liquid chromatography, and recrystallization. When the
partial peptide isolated as above is a free compound, it can be converted
to a suitable salt by known methods.
The DNA coding for the protein of the present invention may be any DNA
comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the protein of the present
invention as mentioned above. It may also be any one of genomic DNA,
genomic DNA library, cDNA derived from the tissues or cells as mentioned
above, cDNA library derived from the tissues or cells as mentioned above,
and synthetic DNA.
The vector for constructing a library may include bacteriophage, plasmid,
cosmid, and phagemid. Furthermore, using a totalRNA fraction or an mRNA
fraction prepared from the tissues or cells, a direct amplification can be
carried out by the RT-PCR technique.
Examples of DNA coding for the protein of the present invention are (1) a
DNA comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 5, or a DNA
which comprises a nucleotide sequence hybridizing to the nucleotide
sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 5 under highstringent condition and
codes for a protein having a substantial equivalent activity to the
protein comprising the amino acid sequence represented by ID No. 1, (2) a
DNA comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 6, or a DNA
which comprises a nucleotide sequence hybridizing to the nucleotide
sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 6 under highstringent condition and
codes for a protein having a substantial equivalent activity to the
protein comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 2.
The substantial equivalent activity includes a proteolytic activity (e.g.
activity of proteases such as proteinases, peptidases, etc.), a binding
activity to Ca.sup.2+.
Examples of the nucleotide sequence hybridizing to the nucleotide sequence
represented by SEQ ID NO. 5 or SEQ ID NO. 6 are (1) a nucleotide sequence
of not less than about 70%, preferably not less than about 80%, more
preferably not less than about 90%, for still better result, not less than
about 95% identity to the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 5,
(2) a nucleotide sequence of not less than about 70%, preferably not less
than about 80%, more preferably not less than about 90%, for still better
result, not less than about 95% identity to the nucleotide sequence
represented by SEQ ID NO. 6.
The hybridization can be carried out by the per se known method such as the
method described in Molecular Cloning, 2nd (J. Sambrook et al., Cold
Spring Harbor Lab. Press, 1989) and so on. When a commercially available
library is used, the hybridization can be carried out in accordance with
the instructions given in the accompanying manual, and particularly, be
carried out in a highstringent condition.
In the highstringent condition, Na.sup.+ concentration is at about 19 to
40 mM, preferably about 19 to 20 mM and a temperature is at about 50 to
70.degree. C., preferably about 60 to 65.degree. C. Particularly, the
condition at about 19 mM of Na.sup.+ and about 65.degree. C. are
preferred.
Preferable examples of the DNA coding for the protein represented by SEQ ID
NO. 1 are a DNA comprising the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID
NO. 5. Preferable examples of the DNA coding for the protein represented
by SEQ ID NO. 2 are a DNA comprising the nucleotide sequence represented
by SEQ ID NO. 6 (FIG. 1).
The DNA coding for the partial peptide of the present invention may be any
DNA comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the partial peptide of the
present invention as mentioned above. It may also be any one of genomic
DNA, genomic DNA library, CDNA derived from the tissues or cells as
mentioned above, cDNA library derived from the tissues or cells as
mentioned above, and synthetic DNA.
Examples of DNA coding for the partial peptide of the present invention are
(1) a DNA comprising a partial nucleotide sequence of DNA which comprises
a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 5, or a DNA comprising a
partial nucleotide sequence of DNA which comprises a nucleotide sequence
hybridizing under highstringent to the nucleotide sequence represented by
SEQ ID NO. 5 condition and codes for a protein having a substantial
equivalent activity to the protein comprising the amino acid sequence
represented by SEQ ID NO. 1, (2) a DNA comprising a partial nucleotide
sequence of DNA which comprises a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ
ID NO. 6, or a DNA comprising a partial nucleotide sequence of DNA which
comprises a nucleotide sequence hybridizing under highstringent to the
nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 6 condition and codes for a
protein having a substantial equivalent activity to the protein comprising
the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 2.
Preferable examples of DNA coding for the partial peptide of the present
invention are (1) a DNA comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by
SEQ ID NO. 7, or a DNA which comprises a nucleotide sequence hybridizing
under highstringent condition to the nucleotide sequence represented by
SEQ ID NO. 7 and codes for a partial peptide having a substantial
equivalent activity to the protein of the present invention, (2) a DNA
comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 8, or a DNA
which comprises a nucleotide sequence hybridizing under highstringent
condition to the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 8 and codes
for a partial peptide having a substantial equivalent activity to the
protein of the present invention.
The method for hybridization and the highstringent condition have same
meanings as mentioned above.
Preferable examples of the DNA coding for the partial peptide represented
by SEQ ID NO. 3 are a DNA comprising the nucleotide sequence represented
by SEQ ID NO. 7 and so on. Preferable examples of the DNA coding for the
protein represented by SEQ ID NO. 4 are a DNA comprising the nucleotide
sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 8 and so on.
The DNA encoding the entire protein or the partial peptide of the present
invention can be cloned either by PCR amplification using synthetic DNA
primers having a partial nucleotide sequence of the DNA coding for the
protein or by hybridization using the DNA inserted in a suitable vector
and labeled with a DNA fragment comprising a part or full region of the
protein or a synthetic DNA. The hybridization can be carried out by the
method described in Molecular Cloning, 2nd (J. Sambrook et al., Cold
Spring Harbor Lab. Press, 1989). When a commercially available DNA library
is used, the instructions given in the accompanying manual can be
followed.
The substitution of the nucleotide sequence of the DNA can be carried out
by the per se known method such as Gapped duplex method, Kunkel method and
so on by using the known kits such as Mutant.TM.-G (Takara corporation),
Mutant.TM.-K (Takara corporation) and so on.
The cloned DNA coding for the protein of the present invention can be used
directly or after digestion with a restriction enzyme or after addition of
a linker depending on purposes. This DNA may have ATG as the translation
initiation codon at the 5' end and TAA, TGA, or TAG as the termination
codon at the 3' end. The translation initiation and termination codons can
be added by means of suitable DNA adapters.
An expression vector for the protein of the present invention can be
produced by, for example, (a) cutting out an objective DNA fragment from
the DNA for the protein of the present invention and (b) ligating the
objective DNA fragment with the downstream side of a promoter in a
suitable expression vector.
The vector may include plasmids derived from Escherichia coli, e.g.,
pBR322, pBR325, pUC12, pUC13, etc.; plasmids derived from Bacillus
subtilis, e.g., pUB110, pTP5, pC194, etc.; plasmids derived from yeasts
e.g., pSH19, pSH15, etc.; bacteriophages such as .lambda.-phage: animal
virus such as retrovirus, vaccinia virus, etc.; insect virus; and other
vecters such as pA1-11, pXT1, pRc/CMV, pRc/RSV, pcDNAI/Neo and so on.
According to the present invention, any promoter can be used as long as it
is appropriate for the host cell which is used for expressing a gene. When
the host is an animal cell, the promoter include AOX1 promoter, SV40
promoter, LTR promoter, CMV promoter, HSV-TK promoter, etc., and CMV
promoter and SRd promoter are preferably used. When the host for the
transformation is Escherichia coli, the promoter are preferably trp
promoter, lac promoter, recA promoter, .lambda..sub.PL promoter, lpp
promoter, T7 promoter, etc. When the host for the transformation is
Bacillus, the promoter are preferably SPO1 promoter, SPO2 promoter, penP
promoter, etc. When the host is a yeast, the promoter are preferably PHO5
promoter, PGK promoter, GAP promoter, ADH promoter, AOX1 promoter, etc.
When the host is an insect cell, the promoter include polyhedrin promoter,
P10 promoter, etc.
The expression vectors may, if necessary, further comprise enhancers,
splicing signals, polyadenylation signals, selective markers, SV40
duplicate origin (hereinafter referred to as SV40 ori). Examples of
selective markers are dihydrofolic acid reductase gene (hereinafter
referred to as dhfr gene), neomycin-resistant gene (hereinafter referred
to as Neo, G418 resistant) and so on. Particularly, when the dhfr gene is
used as a selective marker against gene-deficient chinese hamster cell
lines, cells transfected by the objective gene can be selected in a
thymidine-free medium.
Furthermore, an appropriate signal sequence for a host can be added to the
N-terminal side of the protein. When the host is Escherichia coli, the
utilizable signal sequences may include PhoA signal sequence, OmpA signal
sequence, etc. When the host is Bacillus, they may include .alpha.-amylase
signal sequence, subtilisin signal sequence, etc. When the host is a
yeast, they may include MF.alpha. signal sequence, SUC2 signal sequence,
etc. When the host is an animal cell, they may include insulin signal
sequence, .alpha.-interferon signal sequence, antibody molecule signal
sequence, etc.
A transformant or transfectant is produced by using the vector thus
constructed, which carries the DNA coding for the protein of the present
invention.
The host may be, for example, Escherichia species, Bacillus species, yeast
cells, insect cells, insects, animal cells, etc.
Examples of Escherichia species include Escherichia coli K12.multidot.DH1
(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United State of
America, Vol. 60, 160 (1968)), JM103 (Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 9, 309
(1981)), JA221 (Journal of Molecular Biology, Vol. 120, 517 (1978)), HB101
(Journal of molecular Biology, Vol, 41, 459 (1969)), C600 (Genetics, Vol.
39, 440 (1954)), etc.
Examples of Bacillus species are, for example, Bacillus subtilis MI114
(Gene, Vol. 24, 255 (1983)), 207-21 (Journal of Biochemistry, Vol. 95, 76
(1984)), etc.
Examples of yeast cells are, for example, Saccharomyces cerevisiae AH22,
AH22R.sup.-, NA87-11A, DKD-5D or 20B-12, Schizosaccharomyces pombe
NCYC1913 or Pichia pastoris, etc.
Examples of insect cells are, for example, Spodoptera frugiperda cell (Sf
cell), MG1 cell derived from center intestine of Trichoplusia ni, High
Five.TM. cell derived from eggs of Trichoplusia ni, Mamestra
brassicae-derived cell, Estigmena acrea-derived cell and so on when virus
is AcNPV; and Bombyx mori N cell (BmN cell) and so on when virus is BmNPV.
Examples of the Sf cell are, for example, Sf9 cell (ATCC CRL 1711), Sf21
cell (both, Vaughn J. L. et al., In Vivo, 13, 213-217(1977)) and so on.
Examples of insects include a larva of silkworm (Bombyx mori larva) (Maeda
et al., Nature, 315, 592(1985)).
Examples of animal cells are, for example, monkey-derived COS-7 cell line,
Vero, Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHO cell), dhfr gene-deficient
Chinese hamster cell line (CHO(dhfr.sup.-) cell), mouse L cell, mouse
AtT-20, mouse myeloma cell, rat GH3, human FL, etc.
Depending on host cells used, transformation is done using standard
techniques appropriate to such cells.
Transformation of Escherichia species can be carried out in accordance with
methods as disclosed in, for example, Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences of the United State of America, Vol. 69, 2110 (1972), and
Gene, Vol. 17, 107 (1982), etc. Transformation of Bacillus species can be
carried out in accordance with methods as disclosed in, for example,
Molecular & General Genetics, Vol. 168, 111 (1979), etc. Transformation of
yeast cells can be carried out in accordance with methods as disclosed in,
for example, Methods in Enzymology, 194, 182-187(1991), etc.
Transformation of insect cells or insects can be carried out in accordance
with methods as disclosed in, for example, Bio/Technology, 6, 47-55,
(1988). Transformation of animal cells can be carried out by methods as
disclosed in, for example, Cell Engineering, separate vol. 8, New Cell
Engineering Experiment Protocol, 263-267(1995) (Shujun Company) Virology,
Vol. 52, 456 (1973), etc.
The transformants or transfectants wherein the expression vector carrying
the DNA coding for the protein harbors can be obtained according to the
aforementioned techniques.
Culture of the transformants (transfectants) of Escherichia or Bacillus
species can be carried out suitably in a liquid culture medium. The
culture medium may contains carbon sources, nitrogen sources, minerals,
etc. which are necessary for growing the transformants. The carbon sources
may include glucose, dextrin, soluble starch, sucrose, etc. The nitrogen
sources may include organic or inorganic substances such as ammonium
salts, nitrates, corn steep liquor, peptone, casein, meat extracts,
bean-cakes, potato extracts, etc. Examples of the minerals may include
calcium chloride, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium chloride, etc. It
is further allowable to add yeasts, vitamines, growth-promoting factors,
etc. It is suitable that the 6H of culture medium is at about 5 to 8.
The culture medium for Escherichia species is, for example, preferably M9
medium which contains glucose and casamino acid (Miller, Journal of
Experiments in Molecular Genetics, 431-433, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory,
New York, (1972)). If necessary, drugs such as 3.beta.-indolyl acrylic
acid can be added to the medium to improve efficiency of the promoter. In
the case of Escherichia organisms as a host, the culture is carried out
usually at about 15 to 43.degree. C. for about 3 to 24 hours. As required,
aeration and stirring may be applied. In the case of Bacillus organisms as
a host, the culture is carried out usually at about 30 to 40.degree. C.
for about 6 to 24 hours. As required, aeration and stirring may also be
applied.
In the case of yeast transformants, the culture medium used may include,
for example, Burkholder minimum medium (Bostian, K. L. et al., Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences of the United State of America, Vol.
77, 4505 (1980)), SD medium containing 0.5% casamino acid (Bitter, G. A.
et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United
State of America, Vol. 81, 5330 (1984)), etc. It is preferable that the pH
of the culture medium is adjusted to be from about 5 to 8. The culture is
carried out usually at about 20 to 35.degree. C. for about 24 to 72 hours.
As required, aeration and stirring may be applied.
In the case of the transformants of insects, the culture medium used may
include the Grace's insect medium supplemented with additives such as
inactivated 10% bovine serum (Grace, T. C. C., Nature, 195, 788 (1962)).
It is preferable that the pH of the culture medium is adjusted to be about
6.2 to 6.4. The culture is usually carried out at about 27.degree. C. for
about 3 to 5 days. As desired, aeration and stirring may be applied.
In the case of the transfectants of animal cells, the culture medium used
may include MEM medium (Science, Vol. 122, 501 (1952)), DMEM medium
(Virology, Vol. 8, 396 (1959)), RPMI 1640 medium (Journal of the American
Medical Association, Vol. 199, 519 (1967)), 199 medium (Proceedings of the
Society of the Biological Medicine, Vol. 73, 1 (1950)), etc. which are
containing, for example, about 5 to 20% of fetal calf serum. It is
preferable that the pH is from about 6 to 8. The culture is usually
carried out at about 30 to 40.degree. C. for about 15 to 60 hours. As
required, medium exchange, aeration and stirring may be applied.
Separation and purification of the protein from the above-mentioned
cultures can be carried out according to methods described herein below.
To extract the protein from the cultured microorganisms or cells, the
microorganisms or cells are collected by known methods after the culture,
suspended in a suitable buffer solution, disrupted by ultrasonic waves,
lysozyme and/or freezing and thawing, etc. and, then, a crude protein
extract is obtained by centrifugation or filtration. Other conventional
extraction or isolation methods can be applied. The buffer solution may
contain a protein-denaturing agent such as urea or guanidine hydrochloride
or a surfactant such as Triton X-100.TM..
In the case where proteins are secreted into culture media, supernatants
are separated from the microorganisms or cells after culture and collected
by known methods. The culture supernatant containing the protein can be
purified by suitable combinations of known methods for separation,
isolation and purification. The known methods of separation, isolation and
purification may include methods which utilizes solubility, such as
salting out or sedimentation with solvents, methods which utilizes chiefly
a difference in the molecular size or weight, such as dialysis,
ultrafiltration, gel filtration and SDS-polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis, methods utilizing a difference in the electric charge,
such as ion-exchange chromatography, methods utilizing specific affinity
such as affinity chromatography, methods utilizing a difference in the
hydrophobic property, such as reversed-phase high-performance liquid
chromatography, and methods utilizing a difference in the isoelectric
point such as isoelectric electrophoresis, etc.
In cases where the protein thus obtained is in a free form, the free
protein can be converted into a salt thereof by known methods or method
analogous thereto. In case, where the protein thus obtained is in a salt
form vice versa, the protein salt can be converted into a free form or
into any other salt thereof by known methods or method analogous thereto.
The protein produced by the transformant can be arbitrarily modified or a
polypeptide can be partly removed therefrom, by a suitable enzyme before
or after the purification. The enzyme may include trypsin, chymotrypsin,
arginyl endopeptidase, protein kinase, glycosidase, etc. The amount of the
protein of the present invention thus obtaine can be measured by binding
assay with a labeled ligand or by enzyme immunoassays (enzyme linked
immunoassays) using specific antibodies.
The antibodies against the protein of the present invention, its partial
peptide or a salt of either of them are any antibodies such as polyclonal
antibodies and monoclonal antibodies which can recognize the protein of
the present invention, its partial peptide or their salts.
The antibodies against the protein of the present invention, its partial
peptide or a salt of either of them (hereinafter referred to as the
protein of the present invention) may be manufactured by methods per se
known to those of skill in the art or methods similar thereto, using the
protein as antigen. For example, polyclonal antibodies can be manufactured
by the method as given below.
[Preparation of Monoclonal Antibody]
(a) Preparation of Monoclonal Antibody-Producing Cells.
The protein of the present invention is administered to warm-blooded
animals either solely or together with carriers or diluents to the site
favorable for antibody production. In order to potentiate the antibody
productivity upon the administration, complete Freund's adjuvants or
incomplete Freund's adjuvants may be administered. The administration is
usually carried out once every two to six weeks and two to ten times in
total. Examples of the applicable warm-blooded animals are monkeys,
rabbits, dogs, guinea pigs, mice, rats, sheep, goats and chickens. The use
of mice and rats is preferred.
In establishing cells which produce monoclonal antibodies, an animal with
the detectable antibody titer is selected from animals (e.g. mice)
immunized with antigens, then spleen or lymph node is collected after two
to five days from the final immunization and antibody-producing cells
contained therein are fused with myeloma cells to obtain monoclonal
antibody-producing hybridomas. Measurement of the antibody titer in
antisera may, for example, be carried out by reacting a labeled protein
(which will be mentioned later) with the antiserum followed by measuring
the binding activity of the labeling agent with the antibody. The cell
fusion may be carried out, for example, by a method of Koehler and
Milstein (Nature, 256, 495, 1975), Examples of the fusion accelerator are
polyethylene glycol (PEG), Sendai virus, etc. and the use of PEG is
preferred.
Examples of the myeloma cells are NS-1, P3U1, SP2/0, AP-1, etc. and the use
of P3U1 is preferred. The preferred fusion ratio of the numbers of
antibody-producing cells used (spleen cells) to the numbers of myeloma
cells is within a range of about 1:1 to 20:1. When PEG (preferably, PEG
1000 to PEG 6000) is added in a concentration of about 10-80% followed by
incubating at 20-40.degree. C. (preferably, at 30-37.degree. C.) for one
to ten minutes, an efficient cell fusion can be carried out.
Various methods may be applied for screening a hybridoma which produces a
monoclonal antibody. For example, a supernatant of hybridoma culture is
added to a solid phase (e.g. microplate) to which the protein antigen is
adsorbed either directly or with a carrier, then anti-immunoglobulin
antibody (anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibody is used when the cells used
for the cell fusion are those of mouse) which is labeled with a
radioactive substance, an enzyme or the like, or protein A is added
thereto and then monoclonal antibodies bound on the solid phase are
detected; or a supernatant liquid of the hybridoma culture is added to the
solid phase to which anti-immunoglobulin or protein A is adsorbed, then
the protein labeled with a radioactive substance or an enzyme is added and
monoclonal antibodies bound with the solid phase is detected.
Selection and cloning of the monoclonal antibody-producing hybridoma may be
carried out by methods per se known to those of skill in the art or
methods similar thereto. Usually, it is carried out in a medium for animal
cells, containing HAT (hypoxanthine, aminopterin and thymidine). With
respect to a medium for the selection, for the cloning and for the growth,
any medium may be used so far as hybridoma is able to grow therein.
Examples of the medium are an RPMI 1640 medium (Dainippon Pharmaceutical
Co., Ltd., Japan) containing 1-20% (preferably 10-20%) of fetal calf serum
(FCS), GIT medium (Wako Pure Chemical, Japan) containing 1-20% of fetal
calf serum and a suitable serum-free medium for hybridoma (SFM-101; Nissui
Seiyaku, Japan). The culture temperature is usually 20-40.degree. C. and,
preferably, about 37.degree. C. The culture period is usually from five
days to three weeks and, preferably, one to two weeks. The culture is
usually carried out in 5% carbon dioxide gas. The antibody titer of the
supernatant of the hybridoma culture may be measured by the same manner as
in the above-mentioned measurement of the antibody titer in the antiserum.
(b) Purification of the Monoclonal Antibody.
The separation and purification of the monoclonal antibody may be carried
out by methods for separating/purifying immunoglobulin such as
salting-out, precipitation with alcohol, isoelectric precipitation,
electrophoresis, adsorption/deadsorption using ion exchangers such as
DEAE, ultracentrifugation, gel filtration, specific purifying methods in
which only an antibody is collected by treatment with an active adsorbent
such as an antigen-binding solid phase, protein A or protein G and the
bond is dissociated whereupon the antibody is obtained.
[Preparation of a polyclonal antibody]
The polyclonal antibody of the present invention can be produced by per se
known methods or methods analogous thereto. The method comprises preparing
a complex of immunogen (antigen protein) and carrier protein, immunizing a
warm-blooded animal in the same manner as described for the production of
the monoclonal antibody, harvesting a fraction containing the antibody
against the protein of the invention from the immunized animal, and
purifying the harvested antibody.
Referring to the immunogen-carrier protein conjugate for use in the
immunization of a warm-blooded animal, the kind of carrier protein and the
ratio of the carrier and hapten are not particularly restricted only if
the production of the antibody against the hapten conjugated with the
particular carrier protein and used for immunization proceeds efficiently.
Thus, for example, bovine serum albumin, bovine thyroglobulin,
hemocyanine, or the like is coupled in the weight ratio of about 0.1 to
20, preferably about 1 to about 5, to unity of the hapten.
A variety of condensing agents can be used for this coupling between the
hapten and the carrier. Thus, for example, a glutaraldehyde, carbodiimide,
maleimide, or a thiol or dithiopyridyl group-containing active ester
reagent can be employed.
The condensation reaction product is administered to a warm-blooded animal
at a site favorable for antibody production, either as it is alone or
together with a carrier or diluent. Enhancing antibody production,
complete Freund's adjuvant or incomplete Freund's adjuvant may be
administered. Administration is carried out generally once in about 2-6
weeks for a total of about 3-10 times.
The polyclonal antibody can be harvested from the blood, ascites fluid, or
other body fluid, preferably from the blood, of the host warm-blooded
animal.
The polyclonal antibody titer in the antiserum can be determined in the
same manner as the determination of monoclonal antibody described
hereinbefore. The separation and purification of the polyclonal antibody
can be carried out by the same method as that described for the separation
and purification of monoclonal antibody.
The antisense DNA having a substantial complementary nucleotide sequence to
the DNA coding for the protein of the invention or the partial peptide
(hereinafter referred to as the DNA of the invention) can be any antisense
DNA having a nucleotide sequence complementary to that of the DNA of the
present invention and capable of suppressing expression of the DNA.
The substantial complementary nucleotide sequence may, for example, be a
nucleotide sequence having a identity of not less than about 70%,
preferably not less than about 80%, and for still better results, not less
than about 90% to the total nucleotide sequence or partial nucleotide
sequence of the nucleotide sequence complementary to that of the DNA of
the present invention. Particularly preferred is an antisense DNA having a
identity of not less than about 70%, preferably not less than about 80%,
and more preferably not less than about 90% to the nucleotide sequence
complementary to that of the domain, of the complete nucleotide sequence
of the DNA of the invention, which encodes the N-terminal region of the
protein of the present invention (e.g. the nucleotide sequence of the
domain around the initiation codon). The antisense DNA can be synthesized
using a known DNA synthesis hardware.
The protein of the present invention is a calpain (preferably human
calpain) with a molecular weight of about 7 to 9.times.10.sup.4 Da,
preferably about 8.times.10.sup.4 Da. It has a proteolytic activity which
is regulated by intracellular calcium concentration and cleaves
intracellular proteins (e.g. cytoskeletal proteins such as fodrins, enzyme
proteins such as kinases, transcription factors, cytokines, etc.) in
accordance with the calcium-associated transmission of information.
Furthermore, the protein stability solubility can be improved by adding a
small subunit of calpain, connectin (The Journal of Biological Chemistry,
270, No. 52, 9931158-31162, 1995), or the like in combination with the
protein of the present invention.
Examples of the small subunit of calpain are a known human calpain small
subunit comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:9
(FIG. 2) or any novel small subunit that would be discovered in the
future.
The small subunit of calpain can be prepared by the above-mentioned
recombinant DNA technique utilizing a known DNA coding for the small
subunit of calpain, for example, the DNA comprising a nucleotide sequence
represented by SEQ ID NO:10 (FIG. 2).
Uses for the protein of the present invention, its partial peptide, a salt
of either of them (all of which are sometimes referred to as the protein
of the present invention), the DNA coding for the protein of the present
invention or its partial peptide thereof (hereinafter sometimes referred
to as the DNA of the present invention), and the antibody against the
protein of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the
antibody of the present invention), and the antisense DNA are now
described.
(1) Therapeutic and prophylactic composition for the diseases with which
the protein of the present invention is associated
Since the protein of the present invention has the characteristics of
calpain such as an intracellular Ca.sup.2+ -activated proteolytic
activity, etc., and cleaves intracellular proteins (e.g. cytoskeletal
proteins such as fodrins; enzyme proteins such as kinases; transcription
factors; cytokines; etc.), a variety of diseases associated with abnormal
calpain expression such as cancer, cerebral apoplexy, cerebral infarction,
subarachnoid hemorrhage, Alzheimer's disease, myodystrophy, cataract,
ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, arthritis, collagen disease, for
example develop when an abnormality or defect occurs in the protein of the
present invention or in the DNA of the present invention, or when the
level of expression thereof is decreased or elevated, or when the
intracellular Ca.sup.2+ ion concentration elevates.
Therefore, the protein or the DNA of the present invention can be used as a
pharmaceutical composition such as a therapeutic or prophylactic
composition for various diseases such as cancer, cerebral apoplexy,
cerebral infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhage, Alzheimer's disease,
myodystrophy, cataract, ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis,
arthritis, and collagen disease.
For example, when there is a patient whose signal transductions in cells
cannot function sufficiently or normally because of a decrease or a defect
in the protein of the present invention in vivo, the role of the protein
of the present invention for said patient can be expected sufficiently or
normally by:
(a) administering the DNA coding for the protein of the present invention
to the patient to express it;
(b) inserting the DNA coding for the protein of the present invention into
cells to express it and transplanting the cells to said patient, or
(c) administering the protein to the patient.
When the DNA of the present invention is used as the above-mentioned
pharmaceutical composition, said DNA may be used alone or after inserting
it into a suitable vector such as retrovirus vector, adenovirus vector,
adenovirus-associated virus vector, pox virus etc. followed by subjecting
the product vector to a conventional means. The DNA can also be
administered as "naked" DNA, with adjuvants to assist in uptake, by "gene"
gun or by a catheter such as a catheter with a hydrogel.
If one wishes to use the protein of the present invention, one would use it
in a purified form, preferably at least 90% pure, more preferably at least
95% pure, still more preferably at least 98% pure and most preferably at
least 99% pure.
For example, the protein or the DNA of the present invention can be used
orally in the form of tablets which may be sugar coated as necessary,
capsules, elixirs, microcapsules etc., or non-orally in the form of
injectable preparations such as aseptic solutions and suspensions in water
or other pharmaceutically acceptable liquids. These preparations can be
produced by mixing the protein or DNA of the present invention with
physiologically acceptable carriers, flavoring agents, excipients,
vehicles, antiseptics, stabilizers, binders etc. in unit dosage forms
required for generally accepted manners of pharmaceutical making. Active
ingredient contents in these preparations are set so that an appropriate
dose within the specified range is obtained.
Additives which can be mixed in tablets, capsules etc. include binders such
as gelation, corn starch, tragacanth and gum arabic, excipients such as
crystalline cellulose, swelling agents such as corn starch, gelatin and
alginic acid, lubricants such as magnesium stearate, sweetening agents
such as sucrose, lactose and saccharin, and flavoring agents such as
peppermint, akamono oil and cherry. When the unit dosage form is the
capsule, the above-mentioned materials may further incorporate liquid
carriers such as oils and fats. Sterile compositions for injection can be
formulated by ordinary methods of pharmaceutical making such as by
dissolving or suspending active ingredients, naturally occuring vegetable
oils such as sesame oil and coconut oil, etc. in vehicles such as water
for injection to create pharmaceutical compositions.
Aqueous liquids for injection include physiological saline and isotonic
solutions containing glucose and other auxiliary agents, e.g., D-sorbitol,
D-mannitol and sodium chloride, and may be used in combination with
appropriate dissolution aids such as alcohols, e.g., ethanol,
polyalcohols, e.g., propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol, nonionic
surfactants, e.g., polysorbate 80.TM. and HCO-50 etc. oily liquids include
sesame oil and soybean oil, and may be used in combination with
dissolution aids such as benzyl benzoate and benzyl alcohol. Furthermore
the above-mentioned materials may also be formulated with buffers, e.g.,
phosphate buffer and sodium acetate buffer; soothing agents, e.g.,
benzalkonium chloride, procaine hydrochloride; stabilizers, e.g., human
serum albumin, polyethylene glycol; preservatives, e.g., benzyl alcohol,
phenol; antioxidants etc. The thus-prepared pharmaceutical composition
such as an injectable liquid is normally filled in an appropriate ampule.
Because the thus-obtained preparation is safe and of low toxicity, it can
be administered to humans or mammals (e.g., rats, rabbits, sheep, pigs,
bovines, cats, dogs, monkeys, etc.).
The dose of the protein or DNA is normally about 0.1-100 mg, preferably
about 1.0-50 mg, and more preferably about 1.0-20 mg per day for an adult
(weighing 60 kg) in oral administration, depending on symptoms etc. In
non-oral administration, it is advantageous to administer the protein or
DNA in the form of injectable preparation at a daily dose of about 0.01-30
mg, preferably about 0.1-20 mg, and more preferably about 0.1-10 mg per
administration by an intravenous injection for an adult (weighing 60 kg),
depending on subject of administration, target organ, symptoms, method of
administration etc. For other animal species, corresponding does as
converted per 60 kg weight can be administered.
(2) Screening of compounds as candidates which are medicinally useful
against diseases
The protein of the present invention is associated with the down-regulation
of protein kinase C which controls cell growth and has the activity to
cause cell death known as apoptosis. Therefore, any compounds or their
salts which activates the function (e.g. proteolytic activity, etc.) of
the protein of the present invention can be utilized as a therapeutic or
prophylactic composition for cancer, etc.
Meanwhile, the protein of the present invention has a proteolytic activity
to decompose intracellular proteins (e.g. cytoskeletal proteins such as
fodrins; enzyme proteins such as kinases; transcription factors; and
cytokines) and, therefore, any compounds or their salts that inhibit the
function (e.g. proteolytic activity, etc.) of the protein of the present
invention can be used as a therapeutic and prophylactic composition for
diseases involving destruction of cells and cellular components (e.g.,
cerebral apoplexy, cerebral infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhage,
Alzheimer's disease, myodystrophy, cataract, ischemic heart disease,
atherosclerosis, arthritis, collagen disease, etc.).
Therefore, the protein of the present invention is useful as a screening
reagent for compounds or their salts which would activate or inhibit the
function of the protein of the present invention.
The present invention thus provides
(1) a method for screening for a compound which activates the function
(e.g. proteolytic activity, etc.) of the protein of the present invention
or its partial peptide, or a salt of either of them [such compounds will
sometimes be referred to as activator], or a compound which inhibits the
function of the protein of the present invention or its partial peptide,
or a salt of either of them [such compounds will sometimes be referred to
as inhibitor] characterized in that the protein of the present invention
or its partial peptide, or a salt of either of them, is used as a
screening reagent.
More particularly, the invention provides
(2) a method for screening for the activator or inhibitor, which comprises
comparing the results in cases of (i) a substrate is contacted with the
protein of the present invention and (ii) a substrate and a test compound
are contacted with the protein of the present invention.
More specifically, the above screening method is characterized by measuring
and comparing the proteolytic activity (e.g. activity of proteases such as
proteinases, peptidases, etc.) of the protein of the present invention in
cases of (i) and (ii).
The substrate may include any substances which may function as substrates
for the protein of the present invention. Examples of the substrate are
casein, azocasein, FITC-casein, radio(e.g. .sup.14 C, .sup.3 H, etc.)
labeled casein, collagen, azocollagen, FITC-collagen, radio(.sup.14 C,
.sup.3 H, etc.)-labeled collagen, and oligopeptides having a
(7-methoxycoumarin-4-yl)acetyl group in the N-terminal domain and an
N.sup.3 -(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-2,3-diaminopropionyl group in the position a
few residues removed from said domain towards the C-terminus.
Examples of the test compound are peptides, proteins, nonpeptide compounds,
synthetic compounds, fermentation products, cell extracts, plant extracts,
and animal tissue extracts. Such compounds may be novel compounds or known
compounds.
For carrying the above screening method into practice, the protein of the
present invention is first suspended in a suitable screening buffer to
prepare a sample. The buffer may be any buffer that does not affect the
binding of the protein of the present invention to the substrate, such as
phosphate buffer or Tris-HCl buffer in the pH range of about 4-10
(preferably pH about 6-8).
The proteolytic activity of the protein of the present invention can be
determined in accordance with the known assay protocols for proteolytic
activity, for example, the procedures described in, inter alia, Seibutsu
Kagaku Jikkenho, Proteolytic Enzyme I (Biochemical Experiment Protocols,
Proteolytic Enzyme I) published by Gakkai Shuppan Center, at pages 57-76.
Specifically, any test compounds that activate the proteolytic activity,
etc. by not less than about 20%, preferably not less than about 30%, more
preferably not less than about 50%, in experiment (ii) as compared with
experiment (i) can be selected as an activator of the proteolytic activity
of the protein of the present invention, while any test compounds that
inhibit the proteolytic activity, etc. by not less than about 20%,
preferably not less than about 30%, more preferably not less than about
50%, in experiment (ii) as compared with experiment (i) can be selected as
an inhibitor of the proteolytic activity of the protein of the present
invention.
The screening kit of the present invention comprises the protein of the
present invention, its partial peptide, or a salt of either of them. The
following is an example of screening kit principle of the present
invention.
[Screening reagents]
(1) Screening Buffer 1M Tris-HCl Buffer, pH 7.5
(2) Protein Sample
The protein of the present invention, its partial peptide or a salt of
either of them
(3) Substrate solution (e.g. casein solution)
Dissolve 1.5 g of casein (Merck, Wako Pure Chemical) in the screening
buffer (pH 7.5) to make 50 ml. Preferably, distribute the solution in 1 ml
aliquots and store them frozen.
(4) Substrate solution for the assay
Add 60 .mu.l of 1 M CaCl.sub.2 and 10 .mu.l of 2-mercapto-ethanol (2-ME) to
3 ml of casein solution and dilute the mixture with sufficient distilled
water to make 30 ml. For control, add 0.5 M EDTA solution instead of 1 M
CaCl.sub.2. These solutions can be stored frozen but it is recommended
that they should be prepared afresh at intervals of about 2 weeks. The
final concentrations of the substrate solution are 3 mg/ml casein, 2 mM
CaCl.sub.2, 5 mM 2-ME in 0.1 M Tris-HCl (pH 7.5).
(5) Detection Absorbance at 280 nm
[Assay protocol]
After incubating the substrate solution (0.5 ml) at 30.degree. C. for 5
min., add a calpain solution (0.5-5 .mu.g as calpain), and react at
30.degree. C. for 20 min. Add 0.5 ml of 10% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) so
as to stop the reaction, allow the reaction mixture to stand at 4.degree.
C. for 15 min., and centrifuge at 3,000.times.g for 5 min. Perform a
control reaction using a calcium-free substrate solution, and determine
the calcium-dependent increase in the absorbance of the supernatant at 280
nm as a proteolytic activity of calpain.
If the absorbance at 280 nm is increased due to addition of the test
compound, the substance is regarded as an activator of the proteolytic
activity of the protein of the present invention. Conversely if the
absorbance at 280 nm is decreased upon addition of the test compound, the
substance is regarded as an inhibitor of the proteolytic activity of the
protein of the present invention.
The compound or a salt thereof which can be identified by the screening
method of the present invention or by using the screening kit of the
present invention is a compound selected from among a peptide, protein,
nonpeptide compound, synthetic compound, fermentation product, cell
extract, plant extract, or animal tissue extract, which activates or
inhibits the function of the protein of the present invention.
The salt of the compound may be the same those as mentioned above for the
protein of the present invention.
The compound which activates the function of the protein of the present
invention is safe and of low toxic therapeutic and prophylactic
composition for various diseases such as cancer, for example.
On the other hand, the compound which inhibits the function of the protein
of the present invention is safe and of low toxic therapeutic and
prophylactic composition for various diseases such as cerebral apoplexy,
cerebral infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhage, Alzheimer's disease,
myodystrophy, cataract, ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis,
arthritis, and collagen disease.
The compound which is identified by the screening method or the screening
kit can be used as the above-mentioned therapeutic or prophylactic
composition in accordance with a conventional means. The compound can be
used in the form of tablets, capsules, elixirs, microcapsules, aseptic
solutions, suspensions and so on as well as the pharmaceutical composition
comprising the protein or the DNA of the present invention as mentioned
above.
Because the thus-obtained preparation is safe and of low toxicity, it can
be administered to humans or mammals (e.g., rats, rabbits, sheep, pigs,
bovines, cats, dogs, monkeys, etc.).
The dose of the compound is normally about 0.1-100 mg, preferably about
1.0-50 mg, and more preferably about 1.0-20 mg per day for an adult
(weighing 60 kg) in oral administration, depending on symptoms etc. In
non-oral administration, it is advantageous to administer the compound in
the form of injectable preparation at a daily dose of about 0.01-30 mg,
preferably about 0.1-20 mg, and more preferably about 0.1-10 mg per
administration by an intravenous injection for an adult (weighing 60 kg),
depending on subject of administration, target organ, symptoms, method of
administration etc. For other animal species, corresponding does as
converted per 60 kg weight can be administered.
(3) Quantitative Determination of the Protein of the Present Invention
The antibody of the present invention is capable of specifically
recognizing the protein of the present invention and, accordingly, it can
be used for a quantitative determination of the protein of the present
invention in test liquid samples and particularly for a quantitative
determination by sandwich immunoassays.
Thus, the present invention provides, for example, the following methods:
(i) a quantitative determination of the protein of the present invention in
a test liquid sample, which comprises
(a) competitively reacting the test liquid sample and a labeled protein of
the present invention with the antibody of the present invention, and
(b) measuring the ratio of the labeled protein of the present invention
binding with said antibody; and
(ii) a quantitative determination of the protein of the present invention
in a test liquid sample, which comprises
(a) reacting the test liquid sample with an antibody immobilized on an
insoluble carrier and a labeled antibody simultaneously or continuously,
and
(b) measuring the activity of the labeling agent on the insoluble carrier,
wherein one antibody is capable of recognizing the N-terminal region of
the protein of the present invention while another antibody is capable of
recognizing the C-terminal region of the protein of the present invention.
When the monoclonal antibody of the present invention recognizing a protein
of the present invention (hereinafter, may be referred to as "monoclonal
antibody of the present invention") is used, the quantity of the protein
of the present invention can be measured and, moreover, the protein of the
present invention can be detected by means of a tissue staining, etc. as
well. For such an object, antibody molecules per se may be used or
F(ab').sub.2, Fab' or Fab fractions of the antibody molecule may be used
too. There is no particular limitation for the measuring method using the
antibody of the present invention and any measuring method may be used so
far as it relates to a method in which the amount of antibody, antigen or
antibody-antigen complex, depending on or corresponding to the amount of
antigen, e.g. the amount of the protein of the present invention in the
liquid sample to be measured, is detected by a chemical or a physical
means and then calculated using a standard curve prepared by a standard
solution containing the known amount of antigen. For example, nephrometry,
competitive method, immunometric method and sandwich method are suitably
used and, in terms of sensitivity and specificity, the sandwich method
which will be described herein later is particularly preferred.
Examples of the labeling agent used in the measuring method using the
labeling substance are radioisotopes, enzymes, fluorescent substances,
luminescent substances, colloids, magnetic substances, etc. Examples of
the radioisotope are [.sup.125 I], [.sup.131 I], [.sup.3 H] and [.sup.14
C]. Preferred examples of the enzyme are those which are stable and with
much specific activity, such as .beta.-galactosidase, .beta.-glucosidase,
alkali phosphatase, peroxidase and malate dehydrogenase. Examples of the
fluorescent substance are fluorescamine, fluorescein isothiocyanate, etc.
Examples of the luminescent substance are luminol, luminol derivatives,
luciferin, lucigenin, etc. Further, a biotin-avidin system may also be
used for binding an antibody or antigen with a labeling agent.
In an insolubilization (immobilization) of antigens or antibodies, a
physical adsorption may be used or a chemical binding which is usually
used for insolubilization or immobilization of proteins or enzymes may be
used as well. Examples of the carrier are insoluble polysaccharides such
as agarose, dextran and cellulose; synthetic resins such as polystyrene,
polyacrylamide and silicone; glass; etc.
In a sandwich (or two-site) method, the test liquid is made to react with
an insolubilized monoclonal antibody of the present invention (the first
reaction), then it is made to react with a labeled monoclonal antibody of
the present invention (the second reaction) and the activity of the
labeling agent on the insoluble carrier is measured whereupon the amount
of the protein of the present invention in the test liquid can be
determined. The first reaction and the second reaction may be conducted
reversely or simultaneously or they may be conducted with an interval. The
type of the labeling agent and the method of insolubilization
(immobilization) may be the same as those mentioned already herein. In the
immunoassay by means of a sandwich method, it is not always necessary that
the antibody used for the labeled antibody and the antibody for the solid
phase is one type or one species but, with an object of improving the
measuring sensitivity, etc., a mixture of two or more antibodies may be
used too.
In the method of measuring the protein of the present invention by the
sandwich method of the present invention, the preferred monoclonal
antibodies of the present invention used for the first and the second
reactions are antibodies wherein their sites binding to the protein of the
present invention are different from each other. Thus, the antibodies used
in the first and the second reactions are those wherein, when the antibody
used in the second reaction recognizes the C-terminal region of the
protein of the present invention, then the antibody recognizing the site
other than C-terminal regions, e.g. recognizing the N-terminal region, is
preferably used in the first reaction.
The monoclonal antibody of the present invention may be used in a measuring
system other than the sandwich method such as a competitive method, an
immunometric method and a naphrometry. In a competitive method, an antigen
in the test solution and a labeled antigen are made to react with an
antibody in a competitive manner, then an unreacted labeled antigen (F)
and a labeled antigen binding with an antibody (B) are separated (i.e. B/F
separation) and the labeled amount of any of B and F is measured whereupon
the amount of the antigen in the test solution is determined. With respect
to a method for such a reaction, there are a liquid phase method in which
a soluble antibody is used as the antibody and the B/F separation is
conducted by polyethylene glycol, a second antibody to the above-mentioned
antibody, etc.; and a solid phase method in which an immobilized antibody
is used as the first antibody or a soluble antibody is used as the first
antibody while an immobilized antibody is used as the second antibody.
In an immunometric method, an antigen in the test solution and an
immobilized antigen are subjected to a competitive reaction with a certain
amount of a labeled antibody followed by separating into solid and liquid
phases; or the antigen in the test solution and an excess amount of
labeled antibody are made to react, then an immobilized antigen is added
to bind an unreacted labeled antibody with the solid phase and separated
into solid and liquid phases. After that, the labeled amount of any of the
phases is measured to determine the antigen amount in the test solution.
In a nephrometry, the amount of insoluble sediment which is produced as a
result of the antigen-antibody reaction in a gel or in a solution is
measured. Even when the antigen amount in the test solution is small and
only a small amount of the sediment is obtained, a laser nephrometry
wherein scattering of laser is utilized can be suitably used.
In applying each of those immunological measuring methods (immunoassays) to
the measuring method of the present invention, it is not necessary to set
up any special condition, operation, etc. therefor. A measuring system
(assay system) for the protein of the present invention may be constructed
taking the technical consideration of the persons skilled in the art into
consideration in the conventional conditions and operations for each of
the methods. With details of those conventional technical means, a variety
of reviews, reference books, etc. may be referred to. They are, for
example, Hiroshi Irie (ed): "Radioimmunoassay" (Kodansha, Japan, 1974);
Hiroshi Irie (ed): "Radioimmunoassay; Second Series" (Kodansha, Japan,
1979); Eiji Ishikawa et al. (ed): "Enzyme Immunoassay" (Igaku Shoin,
Japan, 1978); Eiji Ishikawa et al. (ed): "Enzyme Immunoassay" (Second
Edition) (Igaku Shoin, Japan, 1982); Eiji Ishikawa et al. (ed): "Enzyme
Immunoassay" (Third Edition) (Igaku Shoin, Japan, 1987); "Methods in
Enzymology" Vol. 70 (Immunochemical Techniques (Part A)); ibid. Vo. 73
(Immunochemical Techniques (Part B)); ibid. Vo. 74 (Immunochemical
Techniques (Part C)); ibid. Vo. 84 (Immunochemical Techniques (Part D:
Selected Immunoassays)); ibid. Vol. 92 (Immunochemical Techniques (Part E:
Monoclonal Antibodies and General Immunoassay Methods)); ibid. Vol. 121
(Immunochemical Techniques (Part I: Hybridoma Technology and Monoclonal
Antibodies)) (Academic Press); etc.
By using the antibody against the protein of the present invention in the
above manner, the protein of the present invention can be assayed with
high sensitivity.
In addition, by determining the concentration of the protein of the present
invention by using the antibody against the protein of the present
invention, various diseases such as cancer, cerebral apoplexy, cerebral
infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhage, Alzheimer's disease, myodystrophy,
cataract, ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, arthritis, collagen
disease, etc. can be successfully diagnosed.
Furthermore, the antibody of the present invention can be used for the
purpose of detecting the protein of the present invention which may be
present in test samples such as body fluids or tissues. The antibody can
also be used for the construction of an antibody column for purification
of the protein of the present invention, detection of the protein of the
present invention in the fractions in the course of purification, and
analysis of the behavior of the protein of the present invention in the
cell under investigation.
(4) Gene Diagnostic Agent
By using the DNA of the present invention as a probe, for instance, an
abnormality (gene abnormality) of the DNA or mRNA coding for the protein
of the present invention or its partial peptide in humans or mammals (e.g.
rat, mouse, guinea pig, rabbit, sheep, swine, bovine, horse, cat, dog,
monkey, chimpanzee, etc.) can be detected. Therefore, the DNA of the
present invention is useful as a gene diagnostic agent for the damage to
the DNA or mRNA, mutation thereof, or decreased expression thereof, or
increased expression or overexpression of the DNA or mRNA.
The above-mentioned gene diagnosis using the DNA of the present invention
can be carried out by, for example, the per se known Northern
hybridization assay or PCR-SSCP assay (Genomics, 5, 874-879 (1989);
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America, 86, 2766-2770 (1989)).
Decrease in expression of the DNA as found by Northern hybridization assay
or a mutation of the DNA as detected by the PCR-SSCP assay may lead, with
high probability, to the diagnosis of cancer, cerebral apoplexy, cerebral
infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhage, Alzheimer's disease, myodystrophy,
cataract, ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, arthritis, collagen
disease, or the like.
(5) Antisense DNA
As mentioned above, the protein of the present invention can decompose
intracellular proteins (e.g. cytoskeletal proteins such as fodrins, enzyme
proteins such as kinases, transcription factors, cytokines, etc.).
Therefore, an antisense DNA capable of complementary conjugation to the
DNA of the present invention to suppress expression of the DNA is capable
of inhibiting the function of the protein or the DNA of the present
invention in the body. Therefore, the antisense DNA can be used as a
therapeutic and prophylactic composition for diseases involving the
destruction of cells and cellular components (such as cerebral apoplexy,
cerebral infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhage, Alzheimer's disease,
myodystrophy, cataract, ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis,
arthritis, collagen disease, etc.).
The antisense DNA can be used as the above-mentioned therapeutic and
prophylactic composition as well as the pharmaceutical composition
comprising the protein or the DNA of the present invention as mentioned
above.
(6) Preparation of Non-human Animals Harboring a Foreign DNA Coding for the
Protein of the Present Invention
Transgenic non-human animals which express the protein of the present
invention can be constructed by using the DNA of the present invention. As
the species of non-human animals that can be used, a variety of mammals
(e.g. rat, mouse, rabbit, sheep, swine, bovine, cat, dog, monkey, etc.),
etc. (hereafterin referred to as animals) can be mentioned. Particularly
preferred are the mouse and the rabbit.
In transferring the DNA of the present invention to a host animal, it is
generally advantageous to use the DNA as a gene construct prepared by
conjugating the DNA downstream of a promoter capable of expressing the DNA
in animal cells. For the transfer of a rabbit-derived DNA of the
invention, for instance, a DNA transgenic animal for high production of
the protein of the present invention can be constructed by the
microinjection of, for example, the fertilized rabbit egg with a gene
construct prepared by conjugating the DNA of the present invention as
derived from an animal having high homology therewith downstream of a
promoter capable of causing the expression of the DNA of the present
invention in animal cells. As for such promoters, viral promoters or
ubiquitous expression promoters such as metallothionein promoter can also
be used.
The transfer of the DNA in the fertilized egg cell stage is secured in all
the germ and somatic cells of the host animal. The presence of the protein
of the present invention in the germ cells of the DNA-transferred animal
means that all the progeny of the transgenic animal invariably harbor the
protein of the present invention in their germ and somatic cells. The
offsprings of such an animal to which the gene has been passed on have the
protein of the present invention in all of their germ and somatic cells.
The transgenic animal in which the DNA of the present invention has been
expressed is confirmed to retain the gene stably by copulation and then
can be bred from generation to generation as the DNA-harboring animals in
the usual breeding environment. Furthermore, by mating male and female
animals harboring the objective DNA, it is possible to obtain homozygotes
having the introduced gene in both of the homologous chromosomes, and by
mating such partners, it is possible to insure that all the progeny
animals will harbor this DNA.
The animal to which the DNA of the present invention has been passed on has
the protein of the present invention expressed in a high degree so that it
is useful as an animal for screening for compounds and salts which would
activate or inhibit the proteolytic activity of the protein of the present
invention.
The animal to which the DNA of the present invention has been transferred
can also be used as a source of cells for tissue culture. For example, the
protein of the present invention can be studied either directly by
analyzing the DNA or RNA in the tissues of a mouse to which the DNA of the
present invention has been transferred or analyzing a tissue containing
the protein of the present invention as expressed by the gene. It is
possible to culture cells from a tissue containing the protein of the
present invention by the standard tissue culture technique and, using the
culture, study the functions of cells derived from even those tissues
which are generally difficult to culture, such as brain or peripheral
tissue cells. Furthermore, by using such cells, drugs which activate the
functions of various tissues may be selected. Moreover, if a
high-expression cell line is provided, it will be possible to isolate and
purify the protein of the present invention from the cell line.
In the specification and drawings of the present application, the
abbreviations used for bases (nucleotides), amino acids and so forth are
those recommended by the IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature
or those conventionally used in the art. Examples thereof are given below.
Amino acids for which optical isomerism is possible are, unless otherwise
specified, in the L form.
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid
cDNA: Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid
A: Adenine
T: Thymine
G: Guanine
C: Cytosine
RNA: Ribonucleic acid
mRNA: Messenger ribonucleic acid
dATP: Deoxyadenosine triphosphate
dTTP: Deoxythymidine triphosphate
dGTP: Deoxyguanosine triphosphate
dCTP: Deoxycytidine triphosphate
ATP: Adenosine triphosphate
EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetracetic acid
SDS: Sodium dodecyl sulfate
Gly: Glycine
Ala: Alanine
Val: Valine
Leu: Leucine
Ile: Isoleucine
Ser: Serine
Thr: Threonine
Cys: Cysteine
Met: Methionine
Glu: Glutamic acid
Asp: Aspartic acid
Lys: Lysine
Arg: Arginine
His: Histidine
Phe: Phenylalanine
Tyr: Tyrosine
Trp: Tryptophan
Pro: Proline
Asn: Asparagine
Gln: Glutamine
pGlu: Pyroglutamic acid
Me: Methyl
Et: Ethyl
Bu: Butyl
Ph: Phenyl
TC: Thiazolidine-4(R)-carboxamide
Substitution groups, protecting groups and reagents used in the
specification of the present application are represented by the symbols
set forth below.
Tos: p-toluene sulfonyl
CHO: Formyl
Bzl: Benzyl
Cl.sub.2 Bzl: 2,6-dichlorobenzyl
Bom: Benzyloxymethyl
Z: Benzyloxycarbonyl
Cl-Z: 2-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl
Br-Z: 2-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl
Boc: Tert-butoxycarbonyl
DNP: Dinitrophenol
Trt: Trityl
Bum: Tert-butoxymethyl
Fmoc: N-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl
HOBt: 1-hydroxybenzotriazole
HOOBt: 3,4-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazine
HONB: 1-hydroxy-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboximide
DCC: Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
Each SEQ ID NO set forth in the SEQUENCE LISTING of the specification
refers to the following sequence:
SEQ ID NO:1 shows an amino acid sequence of the human leukocyte-derived
protein of the present invention.
SEQ ID NO:2 shows an amino acid sequence of the human leukocyte-derived
protein of the present invention (FIG. 1), wherein 9 amino acid residues
are added to the N-terminus of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ
ID NO:1.
SEQ ID NO:3 shows an amino acid sequence of the partial peptide of the
human leukocyte-derived protein of the present invention.
SEQ ID NO:4 shows an amino acid sequence of the partial peptide of the
human leukocyte-derived protein of the present invention.
SEQ ID NO:5 shows a nucleotide sequence of the DNA coding for the human
leukocyte-derived protein represented by SEQ ID NO:1 of the present
invention.
SEQ ID NO:6 shows a nucleotide sequence of the DNA coding for the human
leukocyte-derived protein represented by SEQ ID NO:2 of the present
invention.
SEQ ID NO:7 shows a nucleotide sequence of the DNA coding for the partial
peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:3 of the human leukocyte-derived protein
of the present invention.
SEQ ID NO:8 shows a nucleotide sequence of the DNA coding for the partial
peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:4 of the human leukocyte-derived protein
of the present invention.
SEQ ID NO:9 shows an amino acid sequence of the human calpain small
subunit.
SEQ ID NO:10 shows a nucleotide sequence of the DNA coding for human
calpain small subunit.
SEQ ID NO:11 shows a nucleotide sequence of the synthetic primer used for
the cloning of the DNA coding for the protein of the present invention in
Example 1.
SEQ ID NO:12 shows a nucleotide sequence of the synthetic primer used for
the cloning of the DNA coding for the protein of the present invention in
Example 1.
SEQ ID NO:13 shows a nucleotide sequence of the synthetic primer used for
the cloning of the DNA coding for the protein of the present invention in
Example 1.
SEQ ID NO:14 shows a nucleotide sequence of the fragment of the DNA coding
for the protein of the present invention used for the northern blot
analysis of Example 2.
SEQ ID NO:15 shows a nucleotide sequence of the fragment of the DNA coding
for human .mu.-calpain large subunit used for the northern blot analysis
of Example 2.
SEQ ID NO:16 shows a nucleotide sequence of the fragment of the DNA coding
for human calpain small subunit used for the northern blot analysis of
Example 2.
SEQ ID NO:17 shows a nucleotide sequence of the synthetic primer used for
the construction of the DNA coding for the protein of the present
invention in Example 3.
SEQ ID NO:18 shows a nucleotide sequence of the synthetic primer used for
the construction of the DNA cod ing for the protein of the present
invention in Example 3.
The transformant strain of Escherichia coli, designated DH10B/PTB1915,
which is obtained in the Example 1 mentioned hereinafter, is on deposit
under the terms of the Budapest Treaty from Apr. 2, 1996, with NIBH and
has been assigned the Accession Number FERM BP-5496. It is also on deposit
from Apr. 3, 1996 with IFO and has been assigned the Accession Number IFO
15935.
EXAMPLES
The following reference examples and examples are intended to illustrate
the present invention in further detail and should by no means be
construed as defining the scope of the invention. Incidentally, the gene
manipulations using Escherichia coli were made according to the protocol
described in Molecular Cloning.
Example 1
Cloning of a Gene Coding for a Human Calpain
The cloning of the cDNA was carried out using Gene GENETRAPPER.TM. cDNA
Positive Selection System (GIBCO/BRL).
Escherichia coli DH12S cells from a human leukocyte-derived cDNA library
(GIBCO/BRL) were cultured in Terrific Broth (12 g/l bacto-tryptone
(Difco), 24 g/l bacto-yeast extract (Difco), 2.3 g/l potassium dihydrogen
phosphate, 12.5 g/l potassium monohydrogen phosphate) at 30.degree. C. for
16 hours and the amplified plasmid cDNA library was purified and extracted
by using QIAGEN Plasmid Kit (QIAGEN). The purified plasmid cDNA library
was then digested with Gene II and Exo III (both from GIBCO/BRL) to
prepare the single-stranded cDNA library.
On the other hand, a synthetic oligonucleotide (SEQ ID NO:11) was used as a
probe for screening for the cDNA. The probe was labeled by biotinylating
its 3'-end with TdT and biotin-14-dCTP (GIBCO/BRL). The single-stranded
cDNA library was treated at 95.degree. C. for 1 minute, and then
immediately incubated on ice. The biotinylated probe was added, and
hybridized to the library DNA solution at 37.degree. C. for one hour.
After hybridization, magnet beads in GENETRAPPER.TM. cDNA Positive
Selection System were added to the solution and the mixture was allowed to
stand at room temperature for 30 minutes with stirring at 2-min intervals.
Thereafter, the mixture was allowed to sit in a magnet rack in
GENETRAPPER.TM. cDNA Positive Selection System for 2 minutes. The
supernatant was then discarded and the magnet beads were washed three
times with wash buffer in GENETRAPPER.TM. cDNA Positive Selection System.
DNA was then eluted from the magnetic beads with elution buffer in
GENETRAPPER.TM. cDNA Positive Selection System.
The synthetic oligonucleotide (SEQ ID NO:11) as a primer was mixed with the
DNA solution thus obtained, and the mixture was incubated at 95.degree. C.
for 1 minute. Then, by adding repair enzyme in GENETRAPPER.TM. cDNA
Positive Selection System to the solution, double-stranded DNA was
synthesized at 70.degree. C. for 15 minutes. Using an electroporation
apparatus (Bio-Rad), the synthesized dsDNA was introduced into Escherichia
coli DH10B cells.
Screening for desired cDNA clones among the obtained transformants was
carried out by colony PCR using two oligonucleotides (SEQ ID NO:12 and
NO:13) as primers. Two colonies, from which a 712 bp DNA fragment was
amplified, were selected as positive clones.
The selected Escherichia coli clones were cultured individually and the
plasmid DNAs were recovered. After the reaction using Taq dideoxy
terminator cycle sequencing kit (Perkin-Elmer), the cDNA inserts of the
plasmids were sequenced with a 373A DNA Sequencer (Perkin-Elmer). The two
obtained clones coded for the same gene and had a 2970-base sequence
containing a polyadenylation signal (FIG. 1). Encoded in this cDNA
fragment was a novel calpain composed of 703 amino acid residues as
represented by SEQ ID NO:1 or 712 amino acid residues as represented by
SEQ ID NO:2. The active site residues, cysteine, histidine, and asparagine
(the 105th, 262nd, and 286th amino acid residues of the amino acid
sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:1), were also found to be conserved
(FIG. 1). Moreover, whereas it showed the highest homology with rat nCL-2,
the identity at amino acid level was only 84%.
The plasmid pTB1915 containing the DNA encoding the protein of the present
invention was introduced into Escherichia coli DH10B to obtain a
transformant Escherichia coli DH10B/pTB1915.
Example 2
Northern Blot Analysis on Tissue Distribution of Gene Expression of the
Calpain Gene
Northern blot analysis on tissue distribution of gene expression of the
calpain gene was carried out by using Human Multiple Tissue Northern Blot
(Clontech) and Human Multiple Tissue Northern Blot II (Clontech) membrane
filters. The membrane filters were subjected to 3 hours of
prehybridization at 50.degree. C. in hybridization buffer (50% deionized
formamide, 5.times.SSPE, 2.times.Denhardt's solution, 2% SDS, 100 .mu.g/ml
heat-denaturated herring sperm DNA). On the other hand, the DNA fragment
encoding the protein of the invention as represented by SEQ ID NO:14 was
used as a probe and labeled using (.alpha.-.sup.32 P)dCTP (Amersham) and
Bca Best Labeling Kit (Takara Shuzo). The hybridization was carried out in
the labeled probe-containing hybridization buffer (50% deionized
formamide, 5.times.SSPE, 2.times.Denhardt's solution, 2% SDS, 100 .mu.g/ml
heat-denaturated herring sperm DNA) at 50.degree. C. for 18 hours.
The filters were washed twice with 2.times.SSC/0.05% SDS solution at room
temperature and further washed twice in 0.1.times.SSC/0.1% SDS at
50.degree. C. Autoradiography was carried out to detect the RNAs
hybridized to the probe. As a result, the bands were detected in lung and
large intestine and both RNAs were about 3.0 kb.times.long. The above
filters were then treated in boiling 0.5% SDS for 10 minutes to be
reprobed. Then, using the DNA fragment of SEQ ID NO:15 as a probe for
human .mu.-calpain large subunit, the DNA fragment of SEQ ID NO:16 as a
probe for human calpain small subunit, and the human .beta.-actin control
probe (Clontech) as the probe for .beta.-actin, hybridization reactions
were carried out under the same conditions as above. As a result, bands of
about 3.0 kb were found in all tissues for human .mu.-calpain large
subunit and bands of about 1.5 kb and about 5.0 kb were found in all
tissues for human calpain small subunit (FIG. 3).
Example 3
Expression of the Recombinant Calpain in Escherichia coli
An expression plasmid, pGST/calpain, is derived from a vector
pGEX-4T-3(Pharmacia Biotech) containing:
1) Escherichia coli replication origin, 2) ampicillin resistance gene, 3)
tac promoter followed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene, a thrombin
cleavage site and a multicloning site (MCS). A DNA fragment encoding the
entire calpain is cloned into the MCS of the vector. Therefore, the
recombinant protein is fused in frame to GST to its 5' end and its
expression is directed under the tac promoter. By the GST epitope fused in
the protein, the recombinant protein is easily detected by an antibody
that recognizes the GST epitope and purified by an affinity matrix
Glutathione Sepharose 4B.
The plasmid construction strategy is described as follows: The DNA sequence
coding for the calpain of the present invention is constructed by PCR on
the full-length calpain by using two primers: the 5' primer
5'-ATGGGATCCAAGCAAGAGCCCACGGCCA-3' (SEQ ID NO:17), which contains a
restriction site of BamHI followed by 16 nucleotides of the calpain coding
sequence starting from downstream of the initiation codon; the 3' primer
5'-TGACTGCAGAAACCCCCGGGTCAGAC-3' (SEQ ID NO:18), which contains a
restriction site of PstI and the last 6 nucleotides of the calpain coding
sequence including the stop codon. A PCR amplified DNA fragment is
subcloned into a plasmid, pBluescript.sup.R II (STRATAGENE) by BamHI/PstI
end ligation. After digestion of the plasmid with both BamHI and PstI, a
DNA fragment containing calpain coding sequence is recovered and ligated
with pGEX-4T-3 by BamHI/PstI end ligation. The resultant plasmid DNA is
isolated from transformants and examined by sequence analysis for the
presence of the correct fragment. For expression of the recombinant
calpain, Escherichia coli JM109 carrying the expression vector is cultured
in the presence of 1.0 mM isopropyl-.beta.-thiogalactoside (IPTG). The
expression of the recombinant calpain can be detected by GST Detection Kit
containing an antibody that recognizes the GST epitope (Pharmacia
Biotech). Glutathione Sepharose 4B or Prepacked Glutathione Sepharose 4B
columns can also be used for purification of the recombinant protein from
cell extracts.
Example 4
Expression of the Recombinant Calpain in COS Cells
The pTB1915 obtained in Example 1, which is derived from an expression
vector plasmid, pCMV.multidot.SPORT(GIBCO/BRL), is used for expression in
animal cells. This vector is a pUC-derived plasmid and contains a CMV
promoter followed by a multicloning site and a SV40 polyadenylation site.
The COS-7 cells (purchased from Institute for Fermentation, Osaka) are
cultured in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) until they are
grown 50% confluently. Then the cells are transfected with the pTB1915 by
using TRANSFECTAM (Nippon Gene). After incubation of the cells with the
DNA in the absence of FBS under 5% CO.sub.2 at 37.degree. C. for 4 hours,
FBS is added (final 10%) to the cells and they are further incubated for
20 hours followed by medium exchange with serum-free DMEM. Three days
later, the culture media are then collected and the cell extracts are
prepared by lysing with with RIPA buffer (150 mM NaCl, 1% NP-40, 0.1% SDS,
0.5% DOC, 40 mM Tris, pH 7.5).
__________________________________________________________________________
# SEQUENCE LISTING
- - - - (1) GENERAL INFORMATION:
- - (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 18
- - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1:
- - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 703 amino - #acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
- - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein
- - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:1:
- - Met Ala Ala Gln Ala Ala Gly Val Ser Arg Gl - #n Arg Ala Ala Thr
Gln
1 5 - # 10 - # 15
- - Gly Leu Gly Ser Asn Gln Asn Ala Leu Lys Ty - #r Leu Gly Gln Asp Phe
20 - # 25 - # 30
- - Lys Thr Leu Arg Gln Gln Cys Leu Asp Ser Gl - #y Val Leu Phe Lys Asp
35 - # 40 - # 45
- - Pro Glu Phe Pro Ala Cys Pro Ser Ala Leu Gl - #y Tyr Lys Asp Leu Gly
50 - # 55 - # 60
- - Pro Gly Ser Pro Gln Thr Gln Gly Ile Ile Tr - #p Lys Arg Pro Thr Glu
65 - #70 - #75 - #80
- - Leu Cys Pro Ser Pro Gln Phe Ile Val Gly Gl - #y Ala Thr Arg Thr Asp
85 - # 90 - # 95
- - Ile Cys Gln Gly Gly Leu Gly Asp Cys Trp Le - #u Leu Ala Ala Ile Ala
100 - # 105 - # 110
- - Ser Leu Thr Leu Asn Glu Glu Leu Leu Tyr Ar - #g Val Val Pro Arg Asp
115 - # 120 - # 125
- - Gln Asp Phe Gln Glu Asn Tyr Ala Gly Ile Ph - #e His Phe Gln Phe Trp
130 - # 135 - # 140
- - Gln Tyr Gly Glu Trp Val Glu Val Val Ile As - #p Asp Arg Leu Pro Thr
145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -
#60
- - Lys Asn Gly Gln Leu Leu Phe Leu His Ser Gl - #u Gln Gly Asn Glu
Phe
165 - # 170 - # 175
- - Trp Ser Ala Leu Leu Glu Lys Ala Tyr Ala Ly - #s Leu Asn Gly Cys Tyr
180 - # 185 - # 190
- - Glu Ala Leu Ala Gly Gly Ser Thr Val Glu Gl - #y Phe Glu Asp Phe Thr
195 - # 200 - # 205
- - Gly Gly Ile Ser Glu Phe Tyr Asp Leu Lys Ly - #s Pro Pro Ala Asn Leu
210 - # 215 - # 220
- - Tyr Gln Ile Ile Arg Lys Ala Leu Cys Ala Gl - #y Ser Leu Leu Gly Cys
225 2 - #30 2 - #35 2 -
#40
- - Ser Ile Asp Val Ser Ser Ala Ala Glu Ala Gl - #u Ala Ile Thr Ser
Gln
245 - # 250 - # 255
- - Lys Leu Val Lys Ser His Ala Tyr Ser Val Th - #r Gly Val Glu Glu Val
260 - # 265 - # 270
- - Asn Phe Gln Gly His Pro Glu Lys Leu Ile Ar - #g Leu Arg Asn Pro Trp
275 - # 280 - # 285
- - Gly Glu Val Glu Trp Ser Gly Ala Trp Ser As - #p Asp Ala Pro Glu Trp
290 - # 295 - # 300
- - Asn His Ile Asp Pro Arg Arg Lys Glu Glu Le - #u Asp Lys Lys Val Glu
305 3 - #10 3 - #15 3 -
#20
- - Asp Gly Glu Phe Trp Met Ser Leu Ser Asp Ph - #e Val Arg Gln Phe
Ser
325 - # 330 - # 335
- - Arg Leu Glu Ile Cys Asn Leu Ser Pro Asp Se - #r Leu Ser Ser Glu Glu
340 - # 345 - # 350
- - Val His Lys Trp Asn Leu Val Leu Phe Asn Gl - #y His Trp Thr Arg Gly
355 - # 360 - # 365
- - Ser Thr Ala Gly Gly Cys Gln Asn Tyr Pro Al - #a Thr Tyr Trp Thr Asn
370 - # 375 - # 380
- - Pro Gln Phe Lys Ile Arg Leu Asp Glu Val As - #p Glu Asp Gln Glu Glu
385 3 - #90 3 - #95 4 -
#00
- - Ser Ile Gly Glu Pro Cys Cys Thr Val Leu Le - #u Gly Leu Met Gln
Lys
405 - # 410 - # 415
- - Asn Arg Arg Trp Arg Lys Arg Ile Gly Gln Gl - #y Met Leu Ser Ile Gly
420 - # 425 - # 430
- - Tyr Ala Val Tyr Gln Val Pro Lys Glu Leu Gl - #u Ser His Thr Asp Ala
435 - # 440 - # 445
- - His Leu Gly Arg Asp Phe Phe Leu Ala Tyr Gl - #n Pro Ser Ala Arg Thr
450 - # 455 - # 460
- - Ser Thr Tyr Val Asn Leu Arg Glu Val Ser Gl - #y Arg Ala Arg Leu Pro
465 4 - #70 4 - #75 4 -
#80
- - Pro Gly Glu Tyr Leu Val Val Pro Ser Thr Ph - #e Glu Pro Phe Lys
Asp
485 - # 490 - # 495
- - Gly Glu Phe Cys Leu Arg Val Phe Ser Glu Ly - #s Lys Ala Gln Ala Leu
500 - # 505 - # 510
- - Glu Ile Gly Asp Val Val Ala Gly Asn Pro Ty - #r Glu Pro His Pro Ser
515 - # 520 - # 525
- - Glu Val Asp Gln Glu Asp Asp Gln Phe Arg Ar - #g Leu Phe Glu Lys Leu
530 - # 535 - # 540
- - Ala Gly Lys Asp Ser Glu Ile Thr Ala Asn Al - #a Leu Lys Ile Leu Leu
545 5 - #50 5 - #55 5 -
#60
- - Asn Glu Ala Phe Ser Lys Arg Thr Asp Ile Ly - #s Phe Asp Gly Phe
Asn
565 - # 570 - # 575
- - Ile Asn Thr Cys Arg Glu Met Ile Ser Leu Le - #u Asp Ser Asn Gly Thr
580 - # 585 - # 590
- - Gly Thr Leu Gly Ala Val Glu Phe Lys Thr Le - #u Trp Leu Lys Ile Gln
595 - # 600 - # 605
- - Lys Tyr Leu Glu Ile Tyr Trp Glu Thr Asp Ty - #r Asn His Ser Gly Thr
610 - # 615 - # 620
- - Ile Asp Ala His Glu Met Arg Thr Ala Leu Ar - #g Lys Ala Gly Phe Thr
625 6 - #30 6 - #35 6 -
#40
- - Leu Asn Ser Gln Val Gln Gln Thr Ile Ala Le - #u Arg Tyr Ala Cys
Ser
645 - # 650 - # 655
- - Lys Leu Gly Ile Asn Phe Asp Ser Phe Val Al - #a Cys Met Ile Arg Leu
660 - # 665 - # 670
- - Glu Thr Leu Phe Lys Leu Phe Ser Leu Leu As - #p Glu Asp Lys Asp Gly
675 - # 680 - # 685
- - Met Val Gln Leu Ser Leu Ala Glu Trp Leu Cy - #s Cys Val Leu Val
690 - # 695 - # 700
- - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2:
- - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 712 amino - #acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
- - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein
- - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2:
- - Met Gly Leu Lys Gln Glu Pro Thr Ala Met Al - #a Ala Gln Ala Ala Gly
1 5 - # 10 - # 15
- - Val Ser Arg Gln Arg Ala Ala Thr Gln Gly Le - #u Gly Ser Asn Gln Asn
20 - # 25 - # 30
- - Ala Leu Lys Tyr Leu Gly Gln Asp Phe Lys Th - #r Leu Arg Gln Gln Cys
35 - # 40 - # 45
- - Leu Asp Ser Gly Val Leu Phe Lys Asp Pro Gl - #u Phe Pro Ala Cys Pro
50 - # 55 - # 60
- - Ser Ala Leu Gly Tyr Lys Asp Leu Gly Pro Gl - #y Ser Pro Gln Thr Gln
65 - #70 - #75 - #80
- - Gly Ile Ile Trp Lys Arg Pro Thr Glu Leu Cy - #s Pro Ser Pro Gln Phe
85 - # 90 - # 95
- - Ile Val Gly Gly Ala Thr Arg Thr Asp Ile Cy - #s Gln Gly Gly Leu Gly
100 - # 105 - # 110
- - Asp Cys Trp Leu Leu Ala Ala Ile Ala Ser Le - #u Thr Leu Asn Glu Glu
115 - # 120 - # 125
- - Leu Leu Tyr Arg Val Val Pro Arg Asp Gln As - #p Phe Gln Glu Asn Tyr
130 - # 135 - # 140
- - Ala Gly Ile Phe His Phe Gln Phe Trp Gln Ty - #r Gly Glu Trp Val Glu
145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -
#60
- - Val Val Ile Asp Asp Arg Leu Pro Thr Lys As - #n Gly Gln Leu Leu
Phe
165 - # 170 - # 175
- - Leu His Ser Glu Gln Gly Asn Glu Phe Trp Se - #r Ala Leu Leu Glu Lys
180 - # 185 - # 190
- - Ala Tyr Ala Lys Leu Asn Gly Cys Tyr Glu Al - #a Leu Ala Gly Gly Ser
195 - # 200 - # 205
- - Thr Val Glu Gly Phe Glu Asp Phe Thr Gly Gl - #y Ile Ser Glu Phe Tyr
210 - # 215 - # 220
- - Asp Leu Lys Lys Pro Pro Ala Asn Leu Tyr Gl - #n Ile Ile Arg Lys Ala
225 2 - #30 2 - #35 2 -
#40
- - Leu Cys Ala Gly Ser Leu Leu Gly Cys Ser Il - #e Asp Val Ser Ser
Ala
245 - # 250 - # 255
- - Ala Glu Ala Glu Ala Ile Thr Ser Gln Lys Le - #u Val Lys Ser His Ala
260 - # 265 - # 270
- - Tyr Ser Val Thr Gly Val Glu Glu Val Asn Ph - #e Gln Gly His Pro Glu
275 - # 280 - # 285
- - Lys Leu Ile Arg Leu Arg Asn Pro Trp Gly Gl - #u Val Glu Trp Ser Gly
290 - # 295 - # 300
- - Ala Trp Ser Asp Asp Ala Pro Glu Trp Asn Hi - #s Ile Asp Pro Arg Arg
305 3 - #10 3 - #15 3 -
#20
- - Lys Glu Glu Leu Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Asp Gl - #y Glu Phe Trp Met
Ser
325 - # 330 - # 335
- - Leu Ser Asp Phe Val Arg Gln Phe Ser Arg Le - #u Glu Ile Cys Asn Leu
340 - # 345 - # 350
- - Ser Pro Asp Ser Leu Ser Ser Glu Glu Val Hi - #s Lys Trp Asn Leu Val
355 - # 360 - # 365
- - Leu Phe Asn Gly His Trp Thr Arg Gly Ser Th - #r Ala Gly Gly Cys Gln
370 - # 375 - # 380
- - Asn Tyr Pro Ala Thr Tyr Trp Thr Asn Pro Gl - #n Phe Lys Ile Arg Leu
385 3 - #90 3 - #95 4 -
#00
- - Asp Glu Val Asp Glu Asp Gln Glu Glu Ser Il - #e Gly Glu Pro Cys
Cys
405 - # 410 - # 415
- - Thr Val Leu Leu Gly Leu Met Gln Lys Asn Ar - #g Arg Trp Arg Lys Arg
420 - # 425 - # 430
- - Ile Gly Gln Gly Met Leu Ser Ile Gly Tyr Al - #a Val Tyr Gln Val Pro
435 - # 440 - # 445
- - Lys Glu Leu Glu Ser His Thr Asp Ala His Le - #u Gly Arg Asp Phe Phe
450 - # 455 - # 460
- - Leu Ala Tyr Gln Pro Ser Ala Arg Thr Ser Th - #r Tyr Val Asn Leu Arg
465 4 - #70 4 - #75 4 -
#80
- - Glu Val Ser Gly Arg Ala Arg Leu Pro Pro Gl - #y Glu Tyr Leu Val
Val
485 - # 490 - # 495
- - Pro Ser Thr Phe Glu Pro Phe Lys Asp Gly Gl - #u Phe Cys Leu Arg Val
500 - # 505 - # 510
- - Phe Ser Glu Lys Lys Ala Gln Ala Leu Glu Il - #e Gly Asp Val Val Ala
515 - # 520 - # 525
- - Gly Asn Pro Tyr Glu Pro His Pro Ser Glu Va - #l Asp Gln Glu Asp Asp
530 - # 535 - # 540
- - Gln Phe Arg Arg Leu Phe Glu Lys Leu Ala Gl - #y Lys Asp Ser Glu Ile
545 5 - #50 5 - #55 5 -
#60
- - Thr Ala Asn Ala Leu Lys Ile Leu Leu Asn Gl - #u Ala Phe Ser Lys
Arg
565 - # 570 - # 575
- - Thr Asp Ile Lys Phe Asp Gly Phe Asn Ile As - #n Thr Cys Arg Glu Met
580 - # 585 - # 590
- - Ile Ser Leu Leu Asp Ser Asn Gly Thr Gly Th - #r Leu Gly Ala Val Glu
595 - # 600 - # 605
- - Phe Lys Thr Leu Trp Leu Lys Ile Gln Lys Ty - #r Leu Glu Ile Tyr Trp
610 - # 615 - # 620
- - Glu Thr Asp Tyr Asn His Ser Gly Thr Ile As - #p Ala His Glu Met Arg
625 6 - #30 6 - #35 6 -
#40
- - Thr Ala Leu Arg Lys Ala Gly Phe Thr Leu As - #n Ser Gln Val Gln
Gln
645 - # 650 - # 655
- - Thr Ile Ala Leu Arg Tyr Ala Cys Ser Lys Le - #u Gly Ile Asn Phe Asp
660 - # 665 - # 670
- - Ser Phe Val Ala Cys Met Ile Arg Leu Glu Th - #r Leu Phe Lys Leu Phe
675 - # 680 - # 685
- - Ser Leu Leu Asp Glu Asp Lys Asp Gly Met Va - #l Gln Leu Ser Leu Ala
690 - # 695 - # 700
- - Glu Trp Leu Cys Cys Val Leu Val
705 7 - #10
- - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3:
- - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 8 amino - #acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
- - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
- - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:3:
- - Cys Gln Gly Gly Leu Gly Asp Cys
1 5
- - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4:
- - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 25 amino - #acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
- - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide
- - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:4:
- - His Ala Tyr Ser Val Thr Gly Val Glu Glu Va - #l Asn Phe Gln Gly His
1 5 - # 10 - # 15
- - Pro Glu Lys Leu Ile Arg Leu Arg Asn
20 - # 25
- - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:5:
- - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 2109 base - #pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: double
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
- - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA
- - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:5:
- - ATGGCAGCCC AGGCAGCTGG TGTATCTAGG CAGCGGGCAG CCACTCAAGG TC -
#TTGGCTCC 60
- - AACCAAAACG CTTTGAAGTA CTTGGGCCAG GATTTCAAGA CCCTGAGGCA AC -
#AGTGCTTG 120
- - GACTCAGGGG TCCTATTTAA GGACCCTGAG TTCCCAGCAT GTCCATCAGC TT -
#TGGGCTAC 180
- - AAGGATCTTG GACCAGGCTC TCCGCAAACT CAAGGCATCA TCTGGAAGCG GC -
#CCACGGAG 240
- - TTGTGTCCCA GCCCTCAGTT TATCGTTGGT GGAGCCACGC GCACAGACAT TT -
#GTCAGGGT 300
- - GGTCTAGGTG ACTGCTGGCT TCTGGCTGCC ATTGCCTCCC TGACCCTGAA TG -
#AAGAGCTG 360
- - CTTTACCGGG TGGTCCCCAG GGACCAGGAC TTCCAGGAGA ACTATGCGGG AA -
#TCTTTCAC 420
- - TTTCAGTTCT GGCAGTACGG AGAGTGGGTG GAGGTGGTCA TTGACGACAG GC -
#TGCCCACC 480
- - AAGAATGGAC AGCTGCTCTT CCTACACTCG GAACAAGGCA ATGAATTCTG GA -
#GTGCCCTG 540
- - CTGGAGAAAG CCTATGCCAA GCTTAATGGT TGTTATGAGG CTCTCGCTGG AG -
#GTTCCACA 600
- - GTGGAGGGGT TTGAGGATTT CACAGGTGGC ATCTCTGAGT TTTATGACCT GA -
#AGAAACCA 660
- - CCAGCCAATC TATATCAGAT CATCCGGAAG GCCCTCTGTG CGGGGTCTCT GC -
#TGGGCTGC 720
- - TCCATTGATG TCTCCAGTGC AGCCGAAGCC GAAGCCATCA CCAGCCAGAA GC -
#TGGTTAAG 780
- - AGTCATGCGT ACTCTGTCAC TGGAGTCGAA GAGGTGAATT TCCAGGGCCA TC -
#CAGAGAAG 840
- - CTGATCAGAC TCAGGAATCC ATGGGGTGAA GTGGAGTGGT CGGGAGCCTG GA -
#GCGATGAT 900
- - GCACCAGAGT GGAATCACAT AGACCCCCGG CGGAAGGAAG AACTGGACAA GA -
#AAGTTGAG 960
- - GATGGAGAAT TCTGGATGTC ACTTTCAGAT TTCGTGAGGC AGTTCTCTCG GT -
#TGGAGATC 1020
- - TGCAACCTGT CCCCGGACTC TCTGAGTAGC GAGGAGGTGC ACAAATGGAA CC -
#TGGTCCTG 1080
- - TTCAACGGCC ACTGGACCCG GGGCTCCACA GCTGGGGGCT GCCAGAACTA CC -
#CAGCCACG 1140
- - TACTGGACCA ATCCCCAGTT CAAAATCCGT TTGGATGAAG TGGATGAGGA CC -
#AGGAGGAG 1200
- - AGCATCGGTG AACCCTGCTG TACAGTGCTG CTGGGCCTGA TGCAGAAAAA TC -
#GCAGGTGG 1260
- - CGGAAGCGGA TAGGACAAGG CATGCTTAGC ATCGGCTATG CCGTCTACCA GG -
#TTCCCAAG 1320
- - GAGCTGGAGA GTCACACGGA CGCACACTTG GGCCGGGATT TCTTCCTGGC CT -
#ACCAGCCC 1380
- - TCAGCCCGCA CCAGCACCTA CGTCAACCTG CGGGAGGTCT CTGGCCGGGC CC -
#GGCTGCCC 1440
- - CCTGGGGAGT ACCTGGTGGT GCCATCCACA TTTGAACCCT TCAAAGACGG CG -
#AGTTCTGC 1500
- - TTGAGAGTGT TCTCAGAGAA GAAGGCCCAG GCCCTAGAAA TTGGGGATGT GG -
#TAGCTGGA 1560
- - AACCCATATG AGCCACATCC CAGTGAGGTG GATCAGGAAG ATGACCAGTT CA -
#GGAGGCTG 1620
- - TTTGAGAAGT TGGCAGGGAA GGATTCTGAG ATTACTGCCA ATGCACTCAA GA -
#TACTTTTG 1680
- - AATGAGGCGT TTTCCAAGAG AACAGACATA AAATTCGATG GATTCAACAT CA -
#ACACTTGC 1740
- - AGGGAAATGA TCAGTCTGTT GGATAGCAAT GGAACGGGCA CTTTGGGGGC GG -
#TGGAATTC 1800
- - AAGACGCTCT GGCTGAAGAT TCAGAAGTAT CTGGAGATCT ATTGGGAAAC TG -
#ATTATAAC 1860
- - CACTCGGGCA CCATCGATGC CCACGAGATG AGGACAGCCC TCAGGAAGGC AG -
#GTTTCACC 1920
- - CTCAACAGCC AGGTGCAGCA GACCATTGCC CTGCGGTATG CGTGCAGCAA GC -
#TCGGCATC 1980
- - AACTTTGACA GCTTCGTGGC TTGTATGATC CGCCTGGAGA CCCTCTTCAA AC -
#TATTCAGC 2040
- - CTTCTGGACG AAGACAAGGA TGGCATGGTT CAGCTCTCTC TGGCCGAGTG GC -
#TGTGCTGC 2100
- - GTGTTGGTC - # - #
- # 2109
- - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:6:
- - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 2136 base - #pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: double
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
- - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA
- - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:6:
- - ATGGGCTTGA AGCAAGAGCC CACGGCCATG GCAGCCCAGG CAGCTGGTGT AT -
#CTAGGCAG 60
- - CGGGCAGCCA CTCAAGGTCT TGGCTCCAAC CAAAACGCTT TGAAGTACTT GG -
#GCCAGGAT 120
- - TTCAAGACCC TGAGGCAACA GTGCTTGGAC TCAGGGGTCC TATTTAAGGA CC -
#CTGAGTTC 180
- - CCAGCATGTC CATCAGCTTT GGGCTACAAG GATCTTGGAC CAGGCTCTCC GC -
#AAACTCAA 240
- - GGCATCATCT GGAAGCGGCC CACGGAGTTG TGTCCCAGCC CTCAGTTTAT CG -
#TTGGTGGA 300
- - GCCACGCGCA CAGACATTTG TCAGGGTGGT CTAGGTGACT GCTGGCTTCT GG -
#CTGCCATT 360
- - GCCTCCCTGA CCCTGAATGA AGAGCTGCTT TACCGGGTGG TCCCCAGGGA CC -
#AGGACTTC 420
- - CAGGAGAACT ATGCGGGAAT CTTTCACTTT CAGTTCTGGC AGTACGGAGA GT -
#GGGTGGAG 480
- - GTGGTCATTG ACGACAGGCT GCCCACCAAG AATGGACAGC TGCTCTTCCT AC -
#ACTCGGAA 540
- - CAAGGCAATG AATTCTGGAG TGCCCTGCTG GAGAAAGCCT ATGCCAAGCT TA -
#ATGGTTGT 600
- - TATGAGGCTC TCGCTGGAGG TTCCACAGTG GAGGGGTTTG AGGATTTCAC AG -
#GTGGCATC 660
- - TCTGAGTTTT ATGACCTGAA GAAACCACCA GCCAATCTAT ATCAGATCAT CC -
#GGAAGGCC 720
- - CTCTGTGCGG GGTCTCTGCT GGGCTGCTCC ATTGATGTCT CCAGTGCAGC CG -
#AAGCCGAA 780
- - GCCATCACCA GCCAGAAGCT GGTTAAGAGT CATGCGTACT CTGTCACTGG AG -
#TCGAAGAG 840
- - GTGAATTTCC AGGGCCATCC AGAGAAGCTG ATCAGACTCA GGAATCCATG GG -
#GTGAAGTG 900
- - GAGTGGTCGG GAGCCTGGAG CGATGATGCA CCAGAGTGGA ATCACATAGA CC -
#CCCGGCGG 960
- - AAGGAAGAAC TGGACAAGAA AGTTGAGGAT GGAGAATTCT GGATGTCACT TT -
#CAGATTTC 1020
- - GTGAGGCAGT TCTCTCGGTT GGAGATCTGC AACCTGTCCC CGGACTCTCT GA -
#GTAGCGAG 1080
- - GAGGTGCACA AATGGAACCT GGTCCTGTTC AACGGCCACT GGACCCGGGG CT -
#CCACAGCT 1140
- - GGGGGCTGCC AGAACTACCC AGCCACGTAC TGGACCAATC CCCAGTTCAA AA -
#TCCGTTTG 1200
- - GATGAAGTGG ATGAGGACCA GGAGGAGAGC ATCGGTGAAC CCTGCTGTAC AG -
#TGCTGCTG 1260
- - GGCCTGATGC AGAAAAATCG CAGGTGGCGG AAGCGGATAG GACAAGGCAT GC -
#TTAGCATC 1320
- - GGCTATGCCG TCTACCAGGT TCCCAAGGAG CTGGAGAGTC ACACGGACGC AC -
#ACTTGGGC 1380
- - CGGGATTTCT TCCTGGCCTA CCAGCCCTCA GCCCGCACCA GCACCTACGT CA -
#ACCTGCGG 1440
- - GAGGTCTCTG GCCGGGCCCG GCTGCCCCCT GGGGAGTACC TGGTGGTGCC AT -
#CCACATTT 1500
- - GAACCCTTCA AAGACGGCGA GTTCTGCTTG AGAGTGTTCT CAGAGAAGAA GG -
#CCCAGGCC 1560
- - CTAGAAATTG GGGATGTGGT AGCTGGAAAC CCATATGAGC CACATCCCAG TG -
#AGGTGGAT 1620
- - CAGGAAGATG ACCAGTTCAG GAGGCTGTTT GAGAAGTTGG CAGGGAAGGA TT -
#CTGAGATT 1680
- - ACTGCCAATG CACTCAAGAT ACTTTTGAAT GAGGCGTTTT CCAAGAGAAC AG -
#ACATAAAA 1740
- - TTCGATGGAT TCAACATCAA CACTTGCAGG GAAATGATCA GTCTGTTGGA TA -
#GCAATGGA 1800
- - ACGGGCACTT TGGGGGCGGT GGAATTCAAG ACGCTCTGGC TGAAGATTCA GA -
#AGTATCTG 1860
- - GAGATCTATT GGGAAACTGA TTATAACCAC TCGGGCACCA TCGATGCCCA CG -
#AGATGAGG 1920
- - ACAGCCCTCA GGAAGGCAGG TTTCACCCTC AACAGCCAGG TGCAGCAGAC CA -
#TTGCCCTG 1980
- - CGGTATGCGT GCAGCAAGCT CGGCATCAAC TTTGACAGCT TCGTGGCTTG TA -
#TGATCCGC 2040
- - CTGGAGACCC TCTTCAAACT ATTCAGCCTT CTGGACGAAG ACAAGGATGG CA -
#TGGTTCAG 2100
- - CTCTCTCTGG CCGAGTGGCT GTGCTGCGTG TTGGTC - #
- # 2136
- - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:7:
- - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 24 base - #pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: double
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
- - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA
- - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:7:
- - TGTCAGGGTG GTCTAGGTGA CTGC - # - #
24
- - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:8:
- - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 75 base - #pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: double
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
- - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA
- - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:8:
- - CATGCGTACT CTGTCACTGG AGTCGAAGAG GTGAATTTCC AGGGCCATCC AG -
#AGAAGCTG 60
- - ATCAGACTCA GGAAT - # - #
- # 75
- - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:9:
- - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 268 amino - #acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
- - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein
- - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:9:
- - Met Phe Leu Val Asn Ser Phe Leu Lys Gly Gl - #y Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly
1 5 - # 10 - # 15
- - Gly Gly Gly Gly Leu Gly Gly Gly Leu Gly As - #n Val Leu Gly Gly Leu
20 - # 25 - # 30
- - Ile Ser Gly Ala Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gl - #y Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly
35 - # 40 - # 45
- - Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Thr Ala Me - #t Arg Ile Leu Gly Gly
50 - # 55 - # 60
- - Val Ile Ser Ala Ile Ser Glu Ala Ala Ala Gl - #n Tyr Asn Pro Glu Pro
65 - #70 - #75 - #80
- - Pro Pro Pro Arg Thr His Tyr Ser Asn Ile Gl - #u Ala Asn Glu Ser Glu
85 - # 90 - # 95
- - Glu Val Arg Gln Phe Arg Arg Leu Phe Ala Gl - #n Leu Ala Gly Asp Asp
100 - # 105 - # 110
- - Met Glu Val Ser Ala Thr Glu Leu Met Asn Il - #e Leu Asn Lys Val Val
115 - # 120 - # 125
- - Thr Arg His Pro Asp Leu Lys Thr Asp Gly Ph - #e Gly Ile Asp Thr Cys
130 - # 135 - # 140
- - Arg Ser Met Val Ala Val Met Asp Ser Asp Th - #r Thr Gly Lys Leu Gly
145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -
#60
- - Phe Glu Glu Phe Lys Tyr Leu Trp Asn Asn Il - #e Lys Arg Trp Gln
Ala
165 - # 170 - # 175
- - Ile Tyr Lys Gln Phe Asp Thr Asp Arg Ser Gl - #y Thr Ile Cys Ser Ser
180 - # 185 - # 190
- - Glu Leu Pro Gly Ala Phe Glu Ala Ala Gly Ph - #e His Leu Asn Glu His
195 - # 200 - # 205
- - Leu Tyr Asn Met Ile Ile Arg Arg Tyr Ser As - #p Glu Ser Gly Asn Met
210 - # 215 - # 220
- - Asp Phe Asp Asn Phe Ile Ser Cys Leu Val Ar - #g Leu Asp Ala Met Phe
225 2 - #30 2 - #35 2 -
#40
- - Arg Ala Phe Lys Ser Leu Asp Lys Asp Gly Th - #r Gly Gln Ile Gln
Val
245 - # 250 - # 255
- - Asn Ile Gln Glu Trp Leu Gln Leu Thr Met Ty - #r Ser
260 - # 265
- - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:10:
- - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 804 base - #pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: double
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
- - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA
- - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:10:
- - ATGTTCCTGG TTAACTCGTT CTTGAAGGGC GGCGGCGGCG GCGGCGGGGG AG -
#GCGGGGGC 60
- - CTGGGTGGGG GCCTGGGAAA TGTGCTTGGA GGCCTGATCA GCGGGGCCGG GG -
#GCGGCGGC 120
- - GGCGGCGGCG GCGGCGGCGG CGGTGGTGGA GGCGGCGGTG GCGGTGGAAC GG -
#CCATGCGC 180
- - ATCCTAGGCG GAGTCATCAG CGCCATCAGC GAGGCGGCTG CGCAGTACAA CC -
#CGGAGCCC 240
- - CCGCCCCCAC GCACACATTA CTCCAACATT GAGGCCAACG AGAGTGAGGA GG -
#TCCGGCAG 300
- - TTCCGGAGAC TCTTTGCCCA GCTGGCTGGA GATGACATGG AGGTCAGCGC CA -
#CAGAACTC 360
- - ATGAACATTC TCAATAAGGT TGTGACACGA CACCCTGATC TGAAGACTGA TG -
#GTTTTGGC 420
- - ATTGACACAT GTCGCAGCAT GGTGGCCGTG ATGGATAGCG ACACCACAGG CA -
#AGCTGGGC 480
- - TTTGAGGAAT TCAAGTACTT GTGGAACAAC ATCAAAAGGT GGCAGGCCAT AT -
#ACAAACAG 540
- - TTCGACACTG ACCGATCAGG GACCATTTGC AGTAGTGAAC TCCCAGGTGC CT -
#TTGAGGCA 600
- - GCAGGGTTCC ACCTGAATGA GCATCTCTAT AACATGATCA TCCGACGCTA CT -
#CAGATGAA 660
- - AGTGGGAACA TGGATTTTGA CAACTTCATC AGCTGCTTGG TCAGGCTGGA CG -
#CCATGTTC 720
- - CGTGCCTTCA AATCTCTTGA CAAAGATGGC ACTGGACAAA TCCAGGTGAA CA -
#TCCAGGAG 780
- - TGGCTGCAGC TGACTATGTA TTCC - # - #
804
- - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:11:
- - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 20 base - #pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
- - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Synthetic DNA
- - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:11:
- - TCTGTGCGGG GTCTCTGCTG - # - #
- # 20
- - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:12:
- - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 base - #pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
- - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Synthetic DNA
- - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:12:
- - GGAGTTGTGT CCCAGCCCTC A - # - #
- #21
- - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:13:
- - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 20 base - #pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
- - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Synthetic DNA
- - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:13:
- - TTGTCCAGTT CTTCCTTCCG - # - #
- # 20
- - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:14:
- - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 517 base - #pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: double
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
- - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA
- - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:14:
- - GGAATTCAAG ACGCTCTGGC TGAAGATTCA GAAGTATCTG GAGCTCTATT GG -
#GAAACTGA 60
- - TTATAACCAC TCGGGCACCA TCGATGCCCA CGAGATGAGG ACAGCCCTCA GG -
#AAGGCAGG 120
- - TTTCACCCTC AACAGCCAGG TGCAGCAGAC CATTGCCCTG CGGTATGCGT GC -
#AGCAAGCT 180
- - CGGCATCAAC TTTGACAGCT TCGTGGCTTG TATGATCCGC CTGGAGACCC TC -
#TTCAAACT 240
- - ATTCAGCCTT CTGGACGAAG ACAAGGATGG CATGGTTCAG CTCTCTCTGG CC -
#GAGTGGCT 300
- - GTGCTGCGTG TTGGTCTGAC CCGGGGTTTC GGACATCAGT GACACTCCCT GC -
#CCCACTGC 360
- - TTGCTTCTTG TCACCCCTTC TCTACAATTT TGTGAACATT TATGCTCCAG TG -
#GCATTCAC 420
- - TGGTTGTTCA TACCTTTCTT GCCCTGGGTC TATTTCAGCA GCACTGAGCT AT -
#GAGCTATG 480
- - TAAGCCGACC CGGTGGGCCC AGTGGAGGGA AAGCAAT - #
- # 517
- - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:15:
- - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 664 base - #pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: double
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
- - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA
- - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:15:
- - TGTGGTGGTG CCCTCCACCT TCGAGCCCAA CAAGGAGGGC GACTTCGTGC TG -
#CGCTTCTT 60
- - CTCAGAGAAG AGTGCTGGGA CTGTGGAGCT GGATGACCAG ATCCAGGCCA AT -
#CTCCCCGA 120
- - TGAGCAAGTG CTCTCAGAAG AGGAGATTGA CGAGAACTTC AAGGCCCTCT TC -
#AGGCAGCT 180
- - GGCAGGGGAG GACATGGAGA TCAGCGTGAA GGAGTTGCGG ACAATCCTCA AT -
#AGGATCAT 240
- - CAGCAAACAC AAAGACCTGC GGACCAAGGG CTTCAGCCTA GAGTCGTGCC GC -
#AGCATGGT 300
- - GAACCTCATG GATCGTGATG GCAATGGGAA GCTGGGCCTG GTGGAGTTCA AC -
#ATCCTGTG 360
- - GAACCGCATC CGGAATTACC TGTCCATCTT CCGGAAGTTT GACCTGGACA AG -
#TCGGGCAG 420
- - CATGAGTGCC TACGAGATGC GGATGGCCAT TGAGTCGGCA GGCTTCAAGC TC -
#AACAAGAA 480
- - GCTGTACGAG CTCATCATCA CCCGCTACTC GGAGCCCGAC CTGGCGGTCG AC -
#TTTGACAA 540
- - TTTCGTTTGC TGCCTGGTGC GGCTAGAGAC CATGTTCCGA TTTTTCAAAA CT -
#CTGGACAC 600
- - AGATCTGGAT GGAGTTGTGA CCTTTGACTT GTTTAAGTGG TTGCAGCTGA CC -
#ATGTTTGC 660
- - ATGA - # - # - #
664
- - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:16:
- - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 640 base - #pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: double
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
- - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA
- - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:16:
- - ATGTTCCTGG TTAACTCGTT CTTGAAGGGC GGCGGCGGCG GCGGCGGGGG AG -
#GCGGGGGC 60
- - CTGGGTGGGG GCCTGGGAAA TGTGCTTGGA GGCCTGATCA GCGGGGCCGG GG -
#GCGGCGGC 120
- - GGCGGCGGCG GCGGCGGCGG CGGTGGTGGA GGCGGCGGTG GCGGTGGAAC GG -
#CCATGCGC 180
- - ATCCTAGGCG GAGTCATCAG CGCCATCAGC GAGGCGGCTG CGCAGTACAA CC -
#CGGAGCCC 240
- - CCGCCCCCAC GCACACATTA CTCCAACATT GAGGCCAACG AGAGTGAGGA GG -
#TCCGGCAG 300
- - TTCCGGAGAC TCTTTGCCCA GCTGGCTGGA GATGACATGG AGGTCAGCGC CA -
#CAGAACTC 360
- - ATGAACATTC TCAATAAGGT TGTGACACGA CACCCTGATC TGAAGACTGA TG -
#GTTTTGGC 420
- - ATTGACACAT GTCGCAGCAT GGTGGCCGTG ATGGATAGCG ACACCACAGG CA -
#AGCTGGGC 480
- - TTTGAGGAAT TCAAGTACTT GTGGAACAAC ATCAAAAGGT GGCAGGCCAT AT -
#ACAAACAG 540
- - TTCGACACTG ACCGATCAGG GACCATTTGC AGTAGTGAAC TCCCAGGTGC CT -
#TTGAGGCA 600
- - GCAGGGTTCC ACCTGAATGA GCATCTCTAT AACATGATCA - #
- # 640
- - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:17:
- - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 28 base - #pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
- - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Synthetic DNA
- - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:17:
- - ATGGGATCCA AGCAAGAGCC CACGGCCA - # - #
28
- - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:18:
- - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 26 base - #pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
- - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Synthetic DNA
- - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:18:
- - TGACTGCAGA AACCCCCGGG TCAGAC - # - #
26
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