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| United States Patent |
6,062,714
|
|
Serizawa
, et al.
|
May 16, 2000
|
Vehicle headlight
Abstract
A reflecting surface 22, of a reflector 16, includes a first reflecting
surface region 22A which is a substantially upper half of the reflecting
surface with respect to the optical axis AX of the reflector. The first
reflecting surface region 22A reflects light to form a sub light flux
distribution pattern P. The reflecting surface 22 also includes a second
reflecting surface region 22B, which is located below the optical axis Ax
of the reflector. The second reflecting surface region 22B reflects light
to form a wide diffusion-distribution pattern Pw in a part of the
light-distribution subpattern P near the vehicle. The wide
diffusion-distribution pattern PW has a horizontal diffusion angle larger
than the maximum horizontal diffusion angle of the light-distribution
subpattern P.
| Inventors:
|
Serizawa; Hiroyuki (Shizuoka, JP);
Yamamura; Satoshi (Shizuoka, JP)
|
| Assignee:
|
Koito Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, JP)
|
| Appl. No.:
|
900537 |
| Filed:
|
July 25, 1997 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
| Current U.S. Class: |
362/518; 362/297 |
| Intern'l Class: |
B60Q 001/04 |
| Field of Search: |
362/517,518,297,346
|
References Cited
U.S. Patent Documents
| 5215368 | Jun., 1993 | Neumann | 362/518.
|
| 5299101 | Mar., 1994 | Serizawa | 362/61.
|
| 5544021 | Aug., 1996 | Lopez et al. | 362/518.
|
| Foreign Patent Documents |
| 43 02 907 | Aug., 1993 | DE.
| |
Primary Examiner: Husar; Stephen
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sughrue, Mion, Zinn, Macpeak & Seas, PLLC
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A vehicle headlight comprising:
a discharge bulb, and
a reflector having an optical axis and a reflecting surface for forwardly
reflecting an output light of the discharge bulb, and for forming a
light-distribution subpattern having an oblique cut line and a horizontal
cut line, wherein said reflecting surface includes:
a first reflecting surface region disposed on a substantially upper half of
said reflecting surface with respect to the optical axis of the reflector,
said first reflecting surface region is designed so as to form the
light-distribution subpattern with light reflected from the first
reflecting surface region, and
a second reflecting surface region located below the optical axis of the
reflector, said second reflecting surface region reflects downwardly, in a
deflection mode, light output from the discharge bulb, and reflects
horizontally, in a diffusion mode, light output from the discharge bulb,
so that light reflected from the second reflecting surface region forms,
in a part of the light-distribution subpattern near a vehicle, a wide
diffusion-distribution pattern which has a horizontal-diffusion angle
larger than a horizontal-diffusion angle of the light-distribution
subpattern.
2. The vehicle headlight according to claim 1, wherein the second
reflecting surface region comprises a plurality of reflecting surface
elements.
3. The vehicle headlight according to claim 2, wherein
a shade is provided near the discharge bulb, the shade comprising a front
end portion adapted to intercept light emitted forwardly from the
discharge bulb, and a pair of legs through which the front end portion is
secured to the reflector, and
the upper edges of the pair of legs form the oblique cut line and the
horizontal cut line, and
the second reflecting surface region is a reflecting surface region which
is located between the shadows of the pair of legs.
4. The vehicle headlight according to claim 2, wherein
the vertical sections of the first and second reflecting surface regions
are parabolic, and
the parabolic axis of the second reflecting surface region is directed
downwardly with respect to the parabolic axis of the first reflecting
surface region.
5. The vehicle headlight according to claim 2, wherein
the vertical sections of the first and second reflecting surface regions
are parabolic, and
the parabolic axis of the second reflecting surface region is located below
the parabolic axis of the first reflecting surface region.
6. The vehicle headlight according to claim 2, wherein
the vertical sections of the first and second reflecting surface regions
are parabolic, and
the parabolic focal length of the second reflecting surface region is
longer than the parabolic focal length of the first reflecting surface
region.
7. The vehicle headlight according to claim 1, wherein
the vertical sections of the first and second reflecting surface regions
are parabolic, and
the parabolic axis of the second reflecting surface region is directed
downwardly with respect to the parabolic axis of the first reflecting
surface region.
8. The vehicle headlight according to claim 1, wherein
the vertical sections of the first and second reflecting surface regions
are parabolic, and
the parabolic axis of the second reflecting surface region is located below
the parabolic axis of the first reflecting surface region.
9. The vehicle headlight according to claim 1, wherein
the vertical sections of the first and second reflecting surface regions
are parabolic, and
the parabolic focal length of the second reflecting surface region is
longer than the parabolic focal length of the first reflecting surface
region.
10. A reflector for a vehicle headlight comprising: a reflecting surface
for forwardly reflecting an output light of a discharge bulb, and for
forming a light-distribution subpattern having an oblique cut line and a
horizontal cut line, wherein the reflecting surface includes:
a first reflecting surface region disposed on a substantially upper half of
said reflecting surface with respect to the optical axis of the reflector,
said first reflecting surface region is designed so as to form the
light-distribution subpattern with light reflected from the first
reflecting surface region, and
a second reflecting surface region which is located below the optical axis
of the reflector, said second reflecting surface region reflects
downwardly, in a deflection mode, light output from the discharge bulb,
and reflects horizontally, in a diffusion mode, light output from the
discharge bulb, so that light reflected from the second reflecting surface
region forms, in a part of the light-distribution subpattern near a
vehicle, a wide diffusion-distribution pattern which has a
horizontal-diffusion angle larger than a horizontal-diffusion angle of the
light-distribution subpattern.
11. The reflector according to claim 10, wherein the second reflecting
surface region comprises a plurality of reflecting surface elements.
12. The reflector according to claim 11, wherein
the vertical sections of the first and second reflecting surface regions
are parabolic, and
the parabolic axis of the second reflecting surface region is directed
downwardly with respect to the parabolic axis of the first reflecting
surface region.
13. The reflector according to claim 11, wherein
the vertical sections of the first and second reflecting surface regions
are parabolic, and
the parabolic axis of the second reflecting surface region is located below
the parabolic axis of the first reflecting surface region.
14. The reflector according to claim 11, wherein
the vertical sections of the first and second reflecting surface regions
are parabolic, and
the parabolic focal length of the second reflecting surface region is
longer than the parabolic focal length of the first reflecting surface
region.
15. The reflector according to claim 10, wherein
the vertical sections of the first and second reflecting surface regions
are parabolic, and
the parabolic axis of the second reflecting surface region is directed
downwardly with respect to the parabolic axis of the first reflecting
surface region.
16. The reflector according to claim 10, wherein
the vertical sections of the first and second reflecting surface regions
are parabolic, and
the parabolic axis of the second reflecting surface region is located below
the parabolic axis of the first reflecting surface region.
17. The reflector according to claim 10, wherein
the vertical sections of the first and second reflecting surface regions
are parabolic, and
the parabolic focal length of the second reflecting surface region is
longer than the parabolic focal length of the first reflecting surface
region.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a vehicle headlight with a discharge bulb and
more particularly, to a light-distribution subpattern forming headlight.
Recently, a discharge lamp has been employed as the light source of a
vehicle headlight, because it is able to perform a high brightness
irradiation.
In the case of a headlight having a discharge lamp, a light-distribution
subpattern having an oblique cut line and a horizontal cut line is formed,
the resultant pattern is high in distant recognition, and wide in
irradiation angle.
The power of the discharge lamp is great. Hence, the light-distribution
subpattern is formed by light reflected from a region of the reflecting
surface which is only a substantially upper half of the reflecting surface
with respect to the optical axis of the reflector.
As was described above, the light-distribution subpattern is formed only by
the light reflected from the region of the reflector reflecting surface
which is a substantially upper half thereof with respect to the optical
axis of the reflector. However, the light advancing towards the remaining
reflecting surface region is not used at all. This is not economical or
efficient. In addition, in order to improved the traveling safety of a
vehicle at night, it is desirable to utilize the output light of the
discharge bulb as much as possible.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In view of the foregoing, an object of the invention is to provide a
vehicle headlight that forms a light-distribution subpattern with a
discharge bulb, wherein the headlight improves lamp efficiency and driving
safety of a vehicle at night.
The foregoing object of the invention has been achieved by the utilization
of the lower reflecting surface region of the reflector as a reflecting
surface region to reflect a predetermined wide diffusion-distribution
pattern to complement the light-distribution subpattern.
That is, a vehicle headlight comprises a discharge bulb, and a reflector
having a reflecting surface adapted to reflect forwardly the output light
of the discharge bulb, thereby forming a light-distribution subpattern
having an oblique cut line and a horizontal cut line. The reflecting
surface includes a first reflecting surface region which is a
substantially upper half of the reflecting surface with respect to the
optical axis of the reflector. The first reflecting surface region is so
designed as to form the light-distribution subpattern when light from the
discharge bulb is reflected from the first reflecting surface region. The
reflecting surface also includes a second reflecting surface region which
is located below the optical axis of the reflector. The second reflecting
surface region reflects downwardly, in a deflection mode, the light output
from the discharge bulb and reflects horizontally, in a diffusion mode,
the light output from the discharge bulb, so that light reflected from the
second reflecting surface region forms, in the part of light-distribution
subpattern near a vehicle, a wide-diffusion light-distribution subpattern
which has a horizontal-diffusion angle larger than the maximum
horizontal-diffusion angle of the light-distribution subpattern.
The aforementioned "second reflecting surface region" is not particularly
limited in width, position, and so forth as long as it is possible to form
the "wide diffusion-distribution pattern". For instance, in the case where
a shade is provided near the discharge bulb, the shade includes a front
end portion adapted to intercept light emitted forwardly from the
discharge bulb. Further, the shade includes a pair of legs through which
the front end portion is secured to the reflector, wherein the upper edges
of the pair of legs form an oblique cut line and a horizontal cut line.
The second reflecting surface region may be a reflecting surface region
which is located between the shadows of the pair of legs.
Furthermore, the "second reflecting surface region" may be of a single
curved surface; however, the second reflecting surface region may comprise
a plurality of reflecting surface elements.
The "second reflecting surface region" is so designed as to reflect
downwardly, in a deflection mode, the light output form of the discharge
bulb, and reflect horizontally, in a diffusion mode, the light output from
the discharge bulb. To reflect the light output from the discharge bulb
downwardly in a deflection mode, the following arrangements may be
employed.
The vertical section of the first reflecting surface region is generally
parabolic; however, the vertical section of the second reflecting surface
region is also made parabolic, and the parabolic axis of the second
reflecting surface region may be directed downwardly with respect to the
parabolic axis of the first reflecting surface region; and the parabolic
axis of the second reflecting surface region may be located below the
parabolic axis of the first reflecting surface region; and the parabolic
focal length of the second reflecting surface region may be longer than
the parabolic focal length of the first reflecting surface region.
As was described above, the first reflecting surface region, which is a
substantially upper half of the reflecting surface with respect to the
optical axis of the reflector, forms the light-distribution subpattern
when light from the discharge bulb is reflected from the first reflecting
surface region. Further light reflected from the second reflecting surface
region forms, in a part of the light-distribution subpattern near the
vehicle, a wide-diffusion light-distribution subpattern which has a
horizontal diffusion angle larger than the maximum horizontal-diffusion
angle of the sub light distribution pattern.
Hence, the sub light distribution pattern is utilized to visually recognize
objects in front of the vehicle, and the wide diffusion distribution
pattern makes it easy for the driver to find a walker who comes in front
of the vehicle from side. That is, the auxiliary function of the
light-distribution subpattern is sufficiently performed.
Hence, the present invention vehicle headlight that forms a
light-distribution subpattern with the light output from a discharge bulb
is high in lamp efficiency and in driving safety of the vehicle at night.
In the discharge bulb, metal iodide is deposited on the lower portion of
the inner wall of the ball-shaped section which forms the discharge
chamber of the discharge bulb. Hence, the light advancing downwardly from
the discharge bulb is colored yellow by the metal iodide. Hence, the light
reflected from the second reflecting surface region, which is located
below the optical axis of the reflector, is colored yellow. With the
yellowish wide, diffusion distribution pattern thus formed, in bad weather
such as foggy weather and even at night, the front field of vision of the
vehicle is sufficiently clear.
When the "second reflecting surface region" is made up of a plurality of
reflecting surface elements, the aforementioned
wide-diffusion-distribution pattern can be formed with ease.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a front view of a vehicle headlight, which constitutes an
embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional side view of the vehicle headlight shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a screen-distribution-pattern diagram for a description of the
function of the vehicle headlight;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV--IV in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5(a) is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 4, showing a concrete example
of a reflecting surface, and FIGS. 5(b) and 5(c) are diagrams showing
modifications of the reflecting surface shown in FIG. 5(a);
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a discharge bulb in the above-described
vehicle headlight;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a discharge bulb, showing a modification of
the above-described embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a front view corresponding to FIG. 1, showing a preferable
position of an upper and lower border line in the case where a reflecting
surface region forming a light-distribution subpattern is divided into a
plurality of segments; and
FIG. 9 is a screen-distribution-pattern diagram for a description of the
arrangement of the vehicle headlight shown in FIG. 8.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
A preferred embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to
the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a front view of a vehicle headlight according to one embodiment
of the invention; and FIG. 2 is a sectional side view of the vehicle
headlight shown in FIG. 1.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in the vehicle headlight 10 of the invention, a
lens 12 and a body 14 define a space, in which a reflector 16 with a
discharge bulb 18 and a shade 20 is provided. The shade is vertically and
horizontally tiltable, whereby, as shown in FIG. 3, a light-distribution
subpattern P of left distribution type having an oblique cut line
(15.degree. cut line) CL1 and a horizontal cut line CL2 is formed.
The aforementioned lens 12 is a plain lens, and the above-described
light-distribution subpattern P is formed by the reflector 16.
The reflecting surface 22 of the reflector 16 is designed as follows: A
paraboloid of revolution with an optical axis Ax extending in a
front-to-rear direction is employed as a reference surface. The reference
surface is divided into a plurality of segments, to which reflecting
surface elements 22s different in curvature from the reference surface are
assigned. The curvature of those reflecting surface elements 22s are set
to suitable values, to obtain the above-described light-distribution
subpattern.
To form the light-distribution subpattern P, as shown in FIG. 1, the
reflecting surface 22 includes a reflecting surface region 22A which is
substantially an upper half of the reflecting surface with respect to the
optical axis Ax. Light reflected from this reflecting surface region 22A
is utilized to form the light-distribution subpattern, (as described
later).
The discharge bulb 18 is a metal halide discharge bulb, and its optical
axis (reference axis) is the same as the optical axis Ax of the reflector
16. The discharge bulb 18 is mounted on the reflector 16 in such a manner
that its light emitting section (arc) 18a is slightly ahead of the focal
position F of the paraboloid of revolution which is the reference surface
of the reflector 16. In order to turn on the discharge bulb 18, a high
voltage is required. Therefore, the discharge bulb 18 is connected through
a bulb socket 24 and the high voltage cord 26 to a lighting circuit (not
shown). An extension 28 is provided in front of the above-described
reflector 16.
The above-described shade 20 comprises: a cup-shaped front end portion 20a
which covers the front of the discharge bulb 18; a pair of legs 20b1 and
20b2 whose rear ends are fixedly secured to the reflector 16. The front
end portion 20a intercepts the light beam which advances towards the front
of the lamp from the discharge bulb 18, while the pair of legs 20b
intercept the discharge bulb's light beams which advance to predetermined
right and left regions of the reflecting surface 22 of the reflector 16.
On the reflecting surface 22 of the reflector, the shadows SB1 and SB2 of
the pair of legs 20b1 and 20b2 are formed radially; however, it should be
noted that the aforementioned light-distribution subpattern P is formed by
light reflected from the reflecting surface region 22A which is located
above the pair of shadows SB1 and SB2. In this operation, the upper edge
of the right leg 20b1 forms the aforementioned oblique cut line CL1, while
the upper edge of the left leg 20b2 forms the horizontal cut line CL2.
In the reflecting surface region 22B, of the reflecting surface 22, is
located below the pair of shadows SB1 and SB2. Light reflected from the
reflecting surface region 22B, as shown in FIG. 3, forms a wide diffusion
distribution pattern PW in front of the sub light distribution pattern P.
The wide diffusion distribution pattern PW has a horizontal diffusion
angle which is larger than the maximum horizontal-diffusion angle of the
light-distribution subpattern P. The reflecting surface region 22B is
formed in the same manner as the above-described described reflecting
surface region 22A. That is, a predetermined reference surface (which is a
paraboloid of revolution different in focal length and in focal position
from the paraboloid of revolution which forms the reference surface of the
reflecting surface region 22A) is divided into a plurality of segments,
and reflecting surface elements 22s' which are different in curvature from
the aforementioned reference surface are assigned to those segments. Those
reflecting surface elements 22s' reflect downwardly the light output from
the discharge bulb, and reflect it horizontally in a diffuse mode.
As with the reflecting surface region 22A, a vertical section of the
reflecting surface region 22B is a parabola having a focal distance f. On
the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4 which is a sectional view taken along
line IV--IV in FIG. 1, the parabolic axis Ax' of reflecting surface region
22B extends down in order to downwardly deflect the light reflected from
the reflecting surface elements 22s' forming the reflecting surface region
22B. As shown in FIG. 5(a), the parabolic axis Ax' of the reflecting
surface region 22B is extended downwardly with respect to the parabolic
axis Ax of the reflecting surface region 22A (which is in parallel with
the optical axis Ax of the reflector).
As was described above, the light reflected from the reflecting surface
region 22A, which is a substantially upper half of the reflector 16 with
respect to the optical axis Ax of the reflector 16, forms the
light-distribution subpattern P. Additionally, the light reflected from
the reflecting surface region 22B, located below the optical axis Ax,
forms the wide diffusion distribution pattern Pw in a part of the
light-distribution subpattern P near the vehicle. The
wide-diffusion-distribution pattern PW has a horizontal-diffusion angle
larger than the maximum horizontal diffusion angle. Hence, with the
light-distribution subpattern, the driver is able to ensure the traveling
safety of the vehicle when moving forward, and is able to quickly find a
waling person who may appear in front of the vehicle suddenly from the
side. Thus, the auxiliary functions of the light-distribution subpattern
can be fully utilized.
Therefore, the light-distribution subpattern forming vehicle headlight,
with the discharge bulb, of the invention is high in lamp efficiency and
in night driving safety.
Furthermore, the aforementioned wide diffusion-distribution pattern Pw is
formed by the utilization of light reflected from the reflecting surface
region 22B which is located below the optical axis Ax. This feature
provides the following effects and merits;
That is, as shown in FIG. 6, metal iodide 18c is deposited on the lower
portion of the inner wall of a ball-shaped section 18b which forms the
discharge chamber of the discharge bulb 18. Hence, the light advancing
downwardly from the light emitting section 18a, which is made up of a pair
of electrode rods, is colored yellow. Hence, the light reflected from the
reflecting surface region 22B is substantially colored yellow. With the
yellowish wide diffusion distribution pattern Pw thus formed, the front
field of vision of the vehicle is sufficiently clear even at night or in
bad weather, such as in fog.
The reflecting surface region 22B is made up of a plurality of reflecting
surface elements 22s' which reflect the output light of the discharge bulb
18 downwardly and reflect it horizontally in a diffusion mode. Hence, the
aforementioned wide diffusion distribution pattern Pw can be formed with
ease.
In the above-described embodiment, in order to downwardly deflect the light
reflected from the reflecting surface elements 22s', which form the
reflecting surface region 22B, as shown in FIG. 5(a) the parabolic axis
Ax' of the reflecting surface region 22B extends downwardly with respect
to the parabolic axis Ax of the reflecting surface region 22A. However,
alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5(b), the parabolic axis Ax' of the
reflecting surface region 22B may be laid below the parabolic axis Ax of
the reflecting surface region 22A. In this arrangement, if the parabolic
focal position of the reflecting surface region 22B is shifted behind the
parabolic focal position of the reflecting surface region 22A, then the
angle of downward deflection of the light thus reflected can be increased.
Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5(c), the parabolic focal length f2 of the
reflecting surface region 22B may be longer than the parabolic focal
length f1 of the reflecting surface region 22A. In addition, the
arrangements of FIGS. 5(a), 5(b) and 5(c) may be suitably combined
together in practical use.
In the above-described embodiment, the pair of legs 20b1 and 20b2 of the
shade 20 form the pair of shadow SB1 and SB2 on the reflecting surface 22,
so that the light-distribution subpattern p formed by reflecting surface
region 22A, and the wide diffusion-distribution pattern Pw formed by
reflecting surface region 22B are distinguished from each other; however,
the same effect can be obtained as follows: As shown in FIG. 7, a pair of
black stripes (belt-shaped films) 18f1 and 18f2 are formed on the right
and left sides of the outer tube 18e of the discharge bulb 18.
As was described above, in the reflecting surface 22 of the reflector 16,
the reflecting surface region 22A is divided into a plurality of segments.
In some designs it is desirable that, as shown in FIG. 8, the upper and
lower border line L1 is provided above the upper and lower border line in
the reflecting surface region 22A FIG. 1.
In this case, it is not desirable that the upper and lower border line L2
(located between the horizontal cut line forming region 22Aa and the
region 22Ab located above the former 22Aa) is positioned at the same level
as the upper and lower border line L1 as indicated by the two-dot chain
line in FIG. 8; instead, in order to improve the lamp distribution, it is
desirable that the upper and lower border line L2 is left positioned as
indicated by the solid line in FIG. 8.
That is, as shown in FIG. 9, the distribution pattern PBa formed by light
reflected from the horizontal cut line forming region 22Aa is to irradiate
objects which are located far away from the vehicle and, therefore, the
pattern PBa is smaller in horizontal diffusion angle than the distribution
pattern PBb formed by light reflected from the region 22Ab. Assume that
the upper and lower border line L2 is set as indicated by the two-dot
chain line instead of the solid line in FIG. 8. In this case, as indicated
by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 9, the distribution pattern PBa, which
is relatively small in horizontal diffusion angle and bright, is extended
near to the vehicle while the distribution pattern PBb, which is
relatively large in horizontal diffusion angle, is not extended far away
from the vehicle. Hence, a light-distribution subpattern is formed wherein
light beams are liable to be collected on the surface of the road in front
of the vehicle, making it rather difficult to observe objects which are
located far away from the vehicle on the right side.
Hence, it is desirable that, as shown in FIG. 8, the upper and lower border
line L2 is located slightly below the level which divides the space
between the optical axis Ax of the reflector 16 and the upper edge of the
reflecting surface 22 into two parts.
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