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United States Patent | 6,030,547 |
Hasegawa ,   et al. | February 29, 2000 |
Fluorine-containing, chiral liquid crystal compounds comprise (a) a chiral fluorochemical terminal portion comprising (i) at least one chiral center, which can optionally be heteroatom-substituted; (ii) a terminal fluoroalkyl, fluoroether, perfluoroalkyl, or perfluoroether group; and (iii) an alkylene or fluoroalkylene group optionally containing at least one caternary ether oxygen atom; (b) a chiral or achiral terminal portion consisting of a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon ether group, and, when chiral, comprising at least one chiral center, which can optionally be heteroatom-substituted; and (c) a central core connecting the terminal portions; the alkylene or fluoroalkylene group of the chiral fluorochemical terminal portion having at least 3 in-chain atoms and being located between the chiral center of the chiral fluorochemical terminal portion and the central core. The compounds have smectic mesophases or latent smectic mesophases and are useful, for example, in liquid crystal display devices.
Inventors: | Hasegawa; Masakazu (Hachioji, JP); Keyes; Michael P. (Minneapolis, MN); Radcliffe; Marc D. (Newport, MN); Savu; Patricia M. (Maplewood, MN); Snustad; Daniel C. (Woodbury, MN); Spawn; Terence D. (West Lakeland Township, MN) |
Assignee: | 3M Innovative Properties Company (St. Paul, MN) |
Appl. No.: | 998400 |
Filed: | December 24, 1997 |
Intern'l Class: | C09K 019/34; C09K 019/32; C07C 025/13; C07D 239/02; C07D 319/12; C07D 263/02 |
Field of Search: | 252/299.01,299.61,299.62,299.63,299.65,299.66,299.67 544/303 546/346 549/324,380 548/215 568/634,649,669 570/128,130,131,132,144,183,188 560/65 |
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TABLE 1 - Ex. No. Structure I to S.sub.A to S.sub.C to S.sub.M1 to K to S.sub.C to S.sub.A 1 ##STR20## 79.3 56.7 -4.2 22.2 59.2 2 ##STR21## 90.9 61.3 41.5 46.6 63.2 3 ##STR22## 92.3 70.1 43.2 48.2 72.5 4 ##STR23## 92.1 57.6 41.1 52.8 59.5 5 ##STR24## 83.4 34.3 48.7 6 ##STR25## 95 61 27.7 37.7 63.3 7 ##STR26## 89.6 32.4 45.2 8 ##STR27## 84.1 30 47.9 9 ##STR28## 95 50 38 10 ##STR29## 91.7 59.7 25.8 34.1 62 11 ##STR30## 98.4 63.6 34 42.7 65.9 12 ##STR31## 83.5 29.9 42.9 13 ##STR32## 93.1 69.6 27.4 34.7 72.1 14 ##STR33## 91.5 54.8 23.5 40.8 57.6 15 ##STR34## 72.8 40.9 21.4 33.9 43.6 16 ##STR35## 67.2 31.5 17.2 25 33.9 17 ##STR36## 65.9 26.1 40.5 18 ##STR37## 67.7 38 18.2 26.6 40.3 19 ##STR38## 72.8 48.4 19.2 26.1 51 20 ##STR39## 92 14.9 31.3 21 ##STR40## 103.4 74.6 12.1 33.4 76.2 22 ##STR41## 98.3 53 19.4 41.5 23 ##STR42## 91.8 13.5 27.2 24 ##STR43## 98.6 74.1 11.6 30.5 76.3 25 ##STR44## 103.1 69.6 15.3 29.9 72 26 ##STR45## 98.1 70.3 2.6 17.6 72.6 27 ##STR46## 80.4 46.7 8 24.8 49.4 28 ##STR47## 73 19 13 32 29 ##STR48## 65.4 9 7 16.3 30 ##STR49## 78 53 <RT 31 ##STR50## 73.1 35.2 -1.7 21.3 37.4 32 ##STR51## 92.4 58.1 5.9 20 60.8 33 ##STR52## 100.3 74.7 -15.1 12.5 77.1 34 ##STR53## 98.7 75.5 0 28.4 77.8 35 ##STR54## 93.1 59.5 5 21.6 62 36 ##STR55## 100 73.6 18.1 29.1 76.1 37 ##STR56## 103.7 80.2 1.1 21 82.4 38 ##STR57## 90.8 67.6 1.1 13.6 70.6 39 ##STR58## 98.6 80.7 -14.9 15.3 82.8 40 ##STR59## 78.7 50.4 -4.5 19.6 53.5 41 ##STR60## 74 41 -0.1 22.5 45.1 42 ##STR61## 72.5 47 -0.1 24.5 43 ##STR62## 88.1 61.9 -15.1 29.5 64.4 44 ##STR63## 95.5 79.9 -12.1 18.6 82.5 45 ##STR64## 93.8 82.2 -12.1 20.9 84.6 46 ##STR65## 104.4 96.4 -8 -0.2 98.7 48 ##STR66## 94.6 37 16.7 39 49 ##STR67## 97.6 70.6 13.8 27.1 72.9 50 ##STR68## 112.4 89.5 26.3 30 91.9 51 ##STR69## 100.7 80.6 20.6 42.9 83.2 52 ##STR70## 101.4 68.6 -0.4 28.9 71 53 ##STR71## 95.2 46.4 3.2 38.5 49.1 54 ##STR72## 88.9 5 -4.7 31.3 55 ##STR73## 87.6 32 -4.1 32.1 56 ##STR74## 112.1 89.3 43 0.7 7 91.5 57 ##STR75## 97.3 59.2 -7.5 33.7 61.6 58 ##STR76## 101.3 80.4 15 49.8 82.5 59 ##STR77## 74.1 42.7 -8.1 4.9 45.2 60 ##STR78## 101.5 70.3 -28 29.2 72.7 61 ##STR79## 107.3 76.6 -23.2 7.6 79.1 62 ##STR80## 93.6 55 -38.8 9.7 63 ##STR81## 105.8 81.2 -31.8 5 83.1 64 ##STR82## 116.4 97.9 42 -29 -22 100.2 65 ##STR83## 103.2 76.7 -38.5 -28.7 78.8 66 ##STR84## 107.1 89.8 -24.2 23.7 92 67 ##STR85## 81 48 -23.9 3.3 50.2 68 ##STR86## 81.6 60.9 -19.6 18.7 63.3 69 ##STR87## 94.3 70.4 -22.5 -12.4 72.8 70 ##STR88## 92.6 73 -23 14.8 75.4 71 ##STR89## 99.7 83.1 -19.9 -10.1 85.4 72 ##STR90## 74.8 56.2 <-30 9 58.7 73 ##STR91## 105.8 -22.8 20.8 74 ##STR92## 109.9 -5.9 18.3 75 ##STR93## 108.3 6.3 39.9 76 ##STR94## 83.9 11.8 34.7 77 ##STR95## 86.7 17 34.9 78 ##STR96## 108.1 -7.3 29.2 79 ##STR97## 103 -5.2 36.7 80 ##STR98## 107.9 -17.2 27.9 81 ##STR99## 101.5 88.1 -25.3 15.8 88.6 82 ##STR100## 102.3 -24.9 15.6 83 ##STR101## 109.3 -9.8 24.3 84 ##STR102## 109.2 70.7 8.6 43.5 73.7 85
##STR103## 84 14 36 86 ##STR104## 78.1 17.8 44.3 87 ##STR105## 83.2 14.5 36.8 88 ##STR106## 77.4 2.5 23.1 89 ##STR107## 76.7 -2.5 20.8 90 ##STR108## 86.3 25.7 49 91 ##STR109## 110.3 66 -17.7 28.9 92 ##STR110## 105.5 35 -5.3 35.4 93 ##STR111## 108.3 72 -18 29.2 94 ##STR112## 109.7 70 -17.3 28 95 ##STR113## 104.6 62.7 -14.8 21.5 65.7 96 ##STR114## 104.2 58 -15.1 20.5 97 ##STR115## 86.6 43.3 25.7 49.6 98 ##STR116## 102.5 14 38.6 99 ##STR117## 79.7 22.6 43.8 100 ##STR118## 107.7 45 11.2 39.2 101 ##STR119## 106.7 80 94 37.8 102 ##STR120## 105.4 -34 9.4 103 ##STR121## 111.4 -3.3 <-30 8.5 104 ##STR122## 112.7 37 -15.6 23 105 ##STR123## 109 38.8 -13.5 27.6 41 106 ##STR124## 109.9 77.1 -15 19 79.3 107 ##STR125## 105.9 50.6 -11.6 -6.1 53.6 108 ##STR126## 113.5 72.1 -10.9 23.7 73.9 109 ##STR127## 109.7 70.6 -16.1 30.1 73.2 110 ##STR128## 106.4 73.6 -7.1 -4.5 75.9 111 ##STR129## 89.9 63.1 42.8 47.6 65.4 112 ##STR130## 90.5 64.9 36.8 42.2 67.2 113 ##STR131## 98 73.6 30.4 40.2 75.9 114 ##STR132## 91.2 33 31.2 45.6 115 ##STR133## 96.4 62.8 35.2 42.3 64.5 116 ##STR134## 96.2 80.7 28.5 37.1 83.2 117 ##STR135## 75.3 46.5 28.4 35.2 48.2 118 ##STR136## 95 77.2 23.5 39.2 79.3 119 ##STR137## 93.5 68 18.8 46.6 69.8 120 ##STR138## 86 37 15.5 26.8 121 ##STR139## 94.8 61.5 31.1 38.6 60.9 122 ##STR140## 97.9 75.8 25.3 34.1 77.5 123 ##STR141## 88.1 57.3 22.5 41.4 59.9 124 ##STR142## 77.6 59.9 9.2 34 81.1 125 ##STR143## 71.1 30 15.6 36.1 126 ##STR144## 74.5 49.8 22 36 51.5 127 ##STR145## 64.5 26.4 21 32.6 128 ##STR146## 97.9 85.1 8.9 37.7 87.4 129 ##STR147## 93 69.6 -3.5 30.4 71.3 130 ##STR148## 97.9 85.1 8.9 37.7 87.4 131 ##STR149## 101.4 89.2 11.7 29.8 90.5 132 ##STR150## 92.7 79.3 6 20 81.5 133 ##STR151## 103 93.7 12.9 32.9 95.6 134 ##STR152## 76.7 48 26.8 15.6 36.9 135 ##STR153## 80 60 23.5 41.4 64 136 ##STR154## 70.3 38 14.8 32.6 137 ##STR155## 86.3 64.9 45.6 50.7 67.3 138 ##STR156## 94.3 67 35 40.4 139 ##STR157## 77.6 59.9 9.2 34 81.1 140 ##STR158## 88.3 79.2 15.4 37.5 80.4 141 ##STR159## 82.6 23.5 37.7 142 ##STR160## 99.2 51 21.3 38.3 143 ##STR161## 90 27 8.8 29 144 ##STR162## 76.9 59.5 -5.7 14.5 62 145 ##STR163## 100.2 82.5 9.1 18.9 84.8 146 ##STR164## 96 74 147 ##STR165## 106.1 95.6 -8.8 9.1 97.8 148 ##STR166## 88 61 149 ##STR167## 100.8 90.9 -8.2 13.6 93.4 150 ##STR168## 64.80 59.1 19.3 25.1 61.6 151 ##STR169## 96.3 68.7 -4.4 25.6 71.7 152 ##STR170## 75.2 32.3 -8.7 5.1 34.6 153 ##STR171## 67.9 19 -8.4 12.6 154 ##STR172## 96.1 40 -32 8.7 155 ##STR173## 106.1 83.2 -27.4 22.8 85.7 156 ##STR174## 102.1 79.2 -27.3 20.9 81.7 157 ##STR175## 78.4 55.2 -24.5 2.7 57.6 158 ##STR176## 79.00 57.5 -29.8 9.9 159 ##STR177## 55.9 12 -24.5 16.4 160 ##STR178## 72.00 47.6 -25 15.7 161 ##STR179## 79.50 62.00 -25.40 -10.40 162 ##STR180## 73.20 55.1 -29 25.4 163 ##STR181## 94.6 81.6 -16.7 -9.8 84 164 ##STR182## 73.9 -22.9 28.9 165 ##STR183## 71.8 35.3 -21.6 26.6 39.8 166 ##STR184## 91.6 57.6 12.6 20 60.3 167 ##STR185## 76.8 4 <-40 20 168 ##STR186## 74.7 40 -36.5 22.4 43.7 169 ##STR187## 84.4 56 <-35 -34.7 170
##STR188## 94.5 62.8 <-47 65.3 171 ##STR189## 76.7 <-47 172 ##STR190## 80.2 25 <-47 173 ##STR191## 82 63.5 -44.5 -32 65.8 174 ##STR192## 84.3 55.7 <-47 -35.5 58.2 175 ##STR193## 83.1 -14.8 36.2 176 ##STR194## 70.7 49.1 10.1 14.7 50.5 177 ##STR195## 73.8 50.1 -9.6 17 52.1 178 ##STR196## 78.3 -40.2 5.7 179 ##STR197## 80.3 -35.9 6.4 180 ##STR198## 83.1 69.8 <-40 0.7 71.2 181 ##STR199## 84.3 57.4 -34.5 6.8 59.8 182 ##STR200## 86.3 73.7 -20.3 -12.6 75.9 183 ##STR201## 79.1 58 -23.3 6.6 184 ##STR202## 80.3 55 -24.7 7.8 58.6 185 ##STR203## 78 70.4 -33 11.9 72.6 186 ##STR204## 77.6 74 0.6 -11.2 3.2 77.3 187 ##STR205## 73/71 54.4 8.7 15.6 56.6 188 ##STR206## 93.5 84.4 <-47 <-47 86.9 189 ##STR207## 61.9 54.4 16.3 21.8 56.5 190 ##STR208## 55.2 47.2 8.2 -29.4 22.1 50.1 191 ##STR209## 69.2 61.3 -22.2 -8.6 63.9 192 ##STR210## 61.6 57 4.2 16.4 193 ##STR211## 32 24 -14 12.5 26.6 194 ##STR212## 69.6 63 16.2 17.8 65 195 ##STR213## 78.8 51.8 -19 10.5 55 196 ##STR214## 50 37.1 <5 197 ##STR215## 56.7 38.6 9.8 2.9 23.8 40.7 198 ##STR216## 61.9 54.4 16.3 21.8 56.5 199 ##STR217## 85.4 71.1 -0.9 10.1 73.1 200 ##STR218## 86.7 78.1 -5 22.7 80.4 201 ##STR219## 47.1 -2 13.3 202 ##STR220## 108.9 93.6 -19.9 39.2 203 ##STR221## 73 -41.9 -31.5 204 ##STR222## 99.5 77.8 -14.5 -1.6 80.3 205 ##STR223## 129.7 80.4 -5 17.6 82.8 206 ##STR224## 82 70.6 -39.5 -30.8 73 207 ##STR225## 81 68 <RT 208 ##STR226## 100.8 94.1 -12.7 19.2 96.5 209 ##STR227## 78.2 60.3 -11.3 32.5 62.5 210 ##STR228## 100.5 79.8 -0.6 11.7 82.3 211 ##STR229## 120.1 103.1 -5.3 17.9 105.9 212 ##STR230## 100.9 75.5 2.2 24 78 213 ##STR231## 111.5 94.2 -7.3 14.4 96.7 214 ##STR232## 96.4 85.4 59.2 63.2 87.6 215 ##STR233## 82 65 2 216 ##STR234## 68 48 -7 217 ##STR235## 93 81 24 218 ##STR236## 82.5 67.4 4 219 ##STR237## 73.8 57.7 1.7
TABLE 2 __________________________________________________________________________ Reduced Response Smectic Example Temperature Temperature Polarization Time Viscosity Tilt Angle Example No. ( .degree. C.) (T - T.sub.C, .degree. C.) (nC/cm.sup.2) (.mu.s) (mPa .multidot. s) (degrees) __________________________________________________________________________ 220 50.2 -9.3 25.3 5.8 14.6 22.6 (using 39.6 -19.9 31.6 7.0 22.0 24.1 compound 29.6 -29.9 37.1 8.1 29.9 24.6 of Ex. 19.5 -40.0 42.2 9.9 41.7 24.7 No. 144) 14.2 45.3 45.0 11.2 50.4 24.7 221 40.5 -9.9 27.1 5.0 13.6 20.8 (using 30.3 -20.1 33.1 6.4 21.2 21.7 compound 20.1 -30.3 38.8 7.5 29.1 22.1 of Ex. 9.9 -40.5 45.2 9.4 42.5 0.0 No. 40) 222 53.0 3.0 2.1 8.0 1.7 (using 42.7 -7.3 3.7 37.9 14.0 16.1 compound 32.5 -17.5 3.8 76.5 29.1 18.1 of Ex. No. 22.1 -27.9 2.1 18.9 106) 223 73.5 -8.5 27.5 5.2 14.4 23.3 (using 62.9 -19.1 34.6 6.1 21.0 24.9 compound 52.7 -29.3 41.2 7.0 28.6 25.6 of Ex. 42.7 -39.3 47.0 8.2 38.4 25.8 No. 45) 32.3 -49.7 53.3 10.3 54.8 25.9 22.3 -59.7 59.3 13.4 79.6 25.7 12.0 -70.1 61.2 19.5 119.6 25.5 224 87.6 -8.4 26.7 5.5 14.7 28.6 (using 77.5 -18.5 32.7 6.3 20.5 30.2 compound 67.2 -28.8 38.0 7.0 26.5 31.8 of Ex. 57.0 -39.0 42.6 8.0 33.9 32.0 No. 46) 46.8 -49.2 47.3 9.4 44.7 32.0 36.5 -59.5 52.4 11.5 60.5 31.7 26.2 -69.8 57.5 15.4 88.3 31.4 16.0 -80.1 63.7 21.9 139.5 31.1 225 70.7 -1.3 6.4 6.2 4.0 15.3 (using 60.3 -11.7 9.7 10.5 10.2 18.0 compound 50.2 -21.8 11.7 13.1 15.2 18.8 of Ex. 40.1 -31.9 13.1 16.5 21.6 19.1 No. 93) 30.0 -42.0 14.2 22.1 31.4 19.1 226 91.6 -12.4 23.7 6.4 15.3 28.7 (using 78.0 -26.0 31.2 8.1 25.4 31.4 compound 64.1 -39.9 38.5 10.6 40.9 32.6 of Ex. 50.1 -53.9 47.0 14.8 69.8 33.2 No. 73) 36.1 -67.9 58.1 22.6 131.4 33.6 22.2 -81.8 72.6 39.9 289.4 33.9 227 85.6 -9.9 17.0 6.6 11.2 26.4 (using 75.8 -19.7 20.5 7.5 15.4 27.9 compound 65.6 -29.9 23.1 8.5 19.5 28.4 of Ex. 55.8 -39.7 25.2 9.7 24.5 28.4 No. 133) 45.6 -49.9 27.9 11.4 31.9 28.3 35.6 -59.9 30.8 14.0 43.0 28.0 25.5 -70.0 34.8 18.3 63.7 228 69.1 -9.9 19.0 7.4 14.1 22.2 (using 58.9 -20.1 22.0 9.7 21.3 23.2 compound 49.0 -30.0 23.9 12.7 30.4 23.3 of Ex. 38.8 -40.2 25.6 17.3 44.3 22.9 No. 204) 29.1 -49.9 27.0 24.8 67.0 22.2 19.0 -60.0 28.5 42.0 119.7 21.4 9.1 -69.9 30.1 77.2 232.4 20.6 229 55.3 -10.2 21.4 7.9 16.8 23.5 (using 45.4 -20.1 24.2 9.3 22.5 24.6 compound 35.5 -30.0 27.5 11.7 32.1 24.8 of Ex. 25.2 -50.3 30.0 15.8 47.4 24.7 No. 173) 15.2 -50.3 31.6 23.3 73.8 24.4 5.4 -60.1 33.8 39.7 134.5 23.9 230 62.1 -10.1 21.7 8.8 19.0 27.4 (using 52.1 -20.1 27.9 10.2 28.3 29.1 compound 42.0 -30.2 34.6 12.1 41.8 29.8 of Ex. 32.1 -40.1 41.4 15.3 63.5 30.0 No. 206) 22.1 -50.1 49.2 20.5 100.9 30.1 12.1 -60.1 56.2 30.2 169.8 30.0 2.1 -70.1 65.4 51.8 338.6 29.8 231 72.1 -4.6 4.4 8.7 3.9 15.2 (using 67.2 -9.5 5.2 10.3 5.3 16.2 compound 56.8 -19.9 6.9 11.1 7.7 16.3 of Ex. 46.8 -29.9 8.1 12.1 9.8 16.1 No. 101) 36.7 -40.0 9.0 13.8 12.4 15.8 26.7 -50.0 10.5 16.4 17.2 15.6 16.6 -60.1 11.4 21.5 24.6 15.2 232 39.4 -9.9 74.3 11.5 85.6 35.3 (using 29.1 -20.2 89.8 16.4 147.2 37.1 compound 19.1 -30.2 98.3 25.6 251.5 37.9 of Ex. 9.1 -40.2 101.3 46.2 467.7 38.3 No. 216) -1.0 -50.3 104.9 106.2 1114.0 38.4 233 39.3 -6.5 38.1 5.0 19.2 (using 32.2 -13.6 47.5 6.9 33.0 compound 24.2 -21.6 58.2 8.7 50.6 of Ex. 17.0 -28.8 69.3 10.6 73.7 No. 59) 9.6 -36.2 82.2 14.0 115.1 234 77.0 -11.5 38.2 4.6 17.8 (using 66.8 -21.7 46.3 5.2 24.0 27.9 compound 56.8 -31.7 55.6 6.0 33.3 28.6 of Ex. 46.9 -41.6 61.1 7.0 42.7 28.8 No. 63) 36.9 -51.6 68.1 8.7 59.4 28.8 26.8 -61.7 74.4 11.5 85.2 16.7 -71.8 80.1 16.4 131.2 235 43.1 -7.1 42.7 4.2 17.9 (using 38.4 -11.8 49.0 5.1 25.1 compound 33.7 -16.5 55.5 6.0 33.6 of Ex. 28.7 -21.5 62.8 7.1 44.4 No. 53) 23.7 -26.5 70.0 8.3 57.8 18.8 -31.4 78.1 9.7 76.0 13.6 -36.6 88.4 11.5 101.8 236 68.0 -10.0 13.0 7.4 9.6 23.4 (using 58.0 -20.0 16.2 8.4 13.6 24.7 compound 48.0 -30.0 17.6 10.0 17.6 25.0 of Ex. 38.0 -40.0 19.1 12.6 24.1 24.9 No. 182) 28.0 -50.0 20.4 16.7 34.1 24.6 18.0 -60.0 21.9 24.0 52.6 24.1 8.0 -70.0 23.4 39.9 93.4 23.6 __________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 3 ______________________________________ Example No. Compound 237 238 239 240 241 242 ______________________________________ Example 93 90 Example 12 of 10 WO 96/33251 Example 155 15 15 10 Example 63 30 30 20 Example 211 25 Example 30 of 10 10 10 U.S. Pat. No. 5,658,491 Compound A 20 20 20 Example 204 25 Example 34 40 Example 200 54 Example 13 46 Example 112 15 Example 44 20 Example 35 20 Example 151 10 Compound B 15 Compound C 20 Transition Temperature Data (.degree. C.) I to S.sub.A 112.3 106.1 102.6 101.2 96.0 98.0 to S.sub.C 55.4 74.0 68.2 64 79.2 55.4 to S.sub.M1 <6 <1 <1 <-1 10 <-5 ______________________________________
TABLE 4 __________________________________________________________________________ Reduced Response Smectic Example Temperature Temperature Polarization Time Viscosity Tilt Angle No. ( .degree. C.) (T - T.sub.C, .degree. C.) (nC/cm.sup.2) (.mu.s) (mPa .multidot. s) (degrees) __________________________________________________________________________ 237 46.6 -8.8 13.4 6.1 8.2 14.8 36.7 -18.7 15.7 8.3 13.0 15.5 26.8 -28.6 17.4 10.9 19.0 15.4 16.5 -38.9 18.5 15.6 28.8 15.1 6.4 -49.0 19.8 24.4 48.4 14.8 238 62 -10 22.5 6.1 13.7 23.3 52 -20 27.7 7.3 20.2 24.9 42 -30 31.9 9.0 28.7 25.6 32 -40 36.2 11.4 41.1 25.9 22 -50 40.7 15.9 64.5 26.0 239 58 -10 20.7 6.3 13.1 22.4 48 -20 25.4 7.7 19.6 24.0 38 -30 29.1 9.5 27.5 24.6 28 -40 32.6 12.1 39.4 24.8 18 -50 35.7 17.7 63.1 24.8 240 52 -10 24.3 6.3 15.4 42 -20 28.8 7.4 21.5 32 -30 33.4 9.4 31.4 22 -40 37.1 12.8 47.5 12 -50 41.8 18.7 78.2 241 69 -10 33.7 6.9 23.1 29.0 59 -20 41.7 8.0 33.3 30.9 49 -30 48.5 9.6 46.6 31.8 39 -40 57.0 12.0 68.3 32.3 29 -50 64.9 15.7 102.2 32.5 19 -60 76.3 22.2 169.2 32.7 242 49 -7 16.4 5.6 9.2 17.7 38 -17 21.6 8.5 18.3 19.6 28 -27 26.3 11.1 29.3 20.6 23 -32 28.4 12.9 36.6 20.9 18 -37 31.1 15.3 47.8 21.1 8 -47 36.8 23.4 86.0 21.5 __________________________________________________________________________