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United States Patent |
6,020,251
|
Peng
,   et al.
|
February 1, 2000
|
Method of forming buried diffusion junctions in conjunction with
shallow-trench isolation structures in a semiconductor device
Abstract
A method is provided for use in a semiconductor fabrication process to form
buried diffusion junctions in conjunction with shallow-trench isolation
(STI) structures in a semiconductor device. This method features beak-like
oxide layers formed to serve as a mask prior to the forming of the STI
structures, which can prevent the subsequently formed buried diffusion
junctions from being broken up during the process for forming the STI
structures. Moreover, sidewall-spacer structures are formed on the
sidewalls of a silicon nitride layer used as a mask in the
ion-implantation process. This can prevent short-circuits between the
buried diffusion junctions when the doped areas are annealed to be
transformed into the desired buried diffusion junctions.
Inventors:
|
Peng; Nai-Chen (Hsinchu, TW);
Yang; Ming-Tzong (Hsinchu, TW)
|
Assignee:
|
United Silicon Incorporated (Hsinchu, TW)
|
Appl. No.:
|
063021 |
Filed:
|
April 20, 1998 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
Current U.S. Class: |
438/425; 257/E21.546; 257/E21.552; 438/296; 438/297; 438/526 |
Intern'l Class: |
H01L 021/76; H01L 021/336 |
Field of Search: |
438/425,296,297,526
|
References Cited
U.S. Patent Documents
5763309 | Jun., 1998 | Chang | 438/262.
|
5946577 | Aug., 1999 | Tanaka | 438/297.
|
5960284 | Sep., 1999 | Lin et al. | 438/259.
|
Primary Examiner: Niebling; John F.
Assistant Examiner: Ghyka; Alexander G.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Christie, Parker & Hale, LLP
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims the priority benefit of Taiwan application Ser. No.
87100942, filed Jan. 23, 1998, the full disclosure of which is
incorporated herein by reference.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method for forming a plurality of buried diffusion junction in a
semiconductor device, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing a semiconductor substrate, forming a first oxide layer over
the substrate, forming a silicon nitride layer over the first oxide layer,
and then removing a first selected part of the silicon nitride layer to
thereby expose those areas of the pad oxide layer beneath which the buried
diffusion junctions are to be formed;
(2) performing an oxidation process so as to transform each of the exposed
portions of the pad oxide layer that are uncovered by the silicon nitride
layer into a second oxide layer;
(3) removing a second selected part of the silicon nitride layer to thereby
expose part of the first oxide layer, with the remaining part of the
silicon nitride layer covering the active regions;
(4) performing an etching process with the silicon nitride layer serving as
mask to thereby etch away the exposed portions of the first oxide layer;
(5) forming a plurality of STI structures in the substrate to isolate the
active regions from each other;
(6) forming a doped area in the substrate beneath each of the second oxide
layers; and
(7) performing an annealing process to transform the doped area into the
desired buried diffusion junction.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in said step (2), the oxidation process
is a wet oxidation process performed in a humid environment to allow the
exposed portions of the first oxide layer to be thickened into the second
oxide layer to a thickness of about 600 to 2,000 .ANG..
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in said step (4), the etching process
comprises the step of using an etchants to perform a wet etching process.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the etchants is a solution of HF.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in said step (5), the STI structure is
formed by the steps of:
removing selected portions of the substrate that are uncovered by the
silicon nitride layer to thereby form a plurality of trenches in the
substrate;
forming a third oxide layer over the exposed surfaces of the substrate in
each of the trenches;
filling up each trench with a dielectric material to an overflow level so
as to form a dielectric layer in each trench;
performing a densification process on the dielectric layer in each trench;
and
performing a CMP process so as to polish the overflow part of the
dielectric layer in each trench.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the third oxide layer is formed through a
thermal oxidation process.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the dielectric layer is a layer of TEOS.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the TEOS layer is formed through a CVD
process.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein the densification process is performed
under a temperature of 900.degree. C..about.1,200.degree. C.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein said step (6) further comprises, prior
to the forming of the doped area, the steps of:
forming a plurality of sidewall spacers on the sidewalls of the openings in
the silicon nitride layer; and
performing an ion-implantation process so as to dope an impurity element
into those areas in the substrate that are unmasked by both the sidewall
spacers and the silicon nitride layer.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the impurity element is arsenic.
12. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after said step (7), the
steps of:
removing the silicon nitride layer; and
removing the sidewall spacers.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the silicon nitride layer is removed by
using a solution of H.sub.3 PO.sub.4.
14. A method for forming a plurality of buried diffusion junction in a
semiconductor device, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing a semiconductor substrate; then forming a first oxide layer
over the substrate, forming a silicon nitride layer over the first oxide
layer, and then removing a first selected part of the silicon nitride
layer to thereby expose those areas of the pad oxide layer beneath which
the buried diffusion junctions are to be formed;
(2) performing an oxidation process so as to transform each of the exposed
portions of the pad oxide layer that are uncovered by the silicon nitride
layer into a second oxide layer;
(3) removing a second selected part of the silicon nitride layer to thereby
expose part of the first oxide layer, with the remaining part of the
silicon nitride layer covering the active regions;
(4) performing an etching process with the silicon nitride layer serving as
mask to etch away the exposed portions of the first oxide layer to thereby
form a trench;
(5) forming a doped area in the substrate beneath each of the second oxide
layers;
(6) forming a plurality of STI structures in the substrate to isolate the
active regions from each other; and
(7) performing an annealing process to transform the doped area into the
desired buried diffusion junction.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein in said step (2), the oxidation process
is a wet oxidation process performed in a humid environment to allow the
exposed portions of the first oxide layer to be thickened into the second
oxide layer to a thickness of about 600 to 1,000 .ANG..
16. The method of claim 14, wherein in said step (4), the etching process
comprises the step of using an etchants to perform a wet etching process.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the etchants is a solution of HF.
18. The method of claim 14, wherein said step (4) further comprises the
substep of forming a third oxide layer in surfaces surrounding each
trench.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the third oxide layer is formed through
a thermal oxidation process.
20. The method of claim 14, wherein said step (5) comprises the substeps
of:
forming a first sidewall-spacer structure on the sidewalls of the silicon
nitride layer and a second sidewall-spacer structure on the sidewalls of
each trench; and
performing an ion-implantation process with the silicon nitride layer and
the first and second sidewall-spacer structures serving as a mask so as to
dope an impurity element into unmasked portions of the substrate to
thereby form the doped region, wherein the second sidewall-spacer
structure prevents the impurity ions from penetrating into the sidewalls
of the trench.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the impurity element is arsenic.
22. The method of claim 14, further comprising, prior to said step (6), the
step of removing the first and second sidewall-spacer structures.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the first and second sidewall-spacer
structures are removed by etching with a solution of HF.
24. The method of claim 14, wherein in said step (6), the STI structure is
formed by the steps of:
filling up each trench with a dielectric material to an overflow level so
as to form a dielectric layer in each trench;
performing a densification process on the dielectric layer in each trench;
and
performing a CMP process so as to polish the overflow part of the
dielectric layer in each trench.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein the dielectric layer is a layer of
TEOS.
26. The method of claim 25, wherein the TEOS layer is formed through a CVD
process.
27. The method of claim 24, wherein the densification process is performed
at a temperature of about 900.degree. C..about.1,200.degree. C.
28. The method of claim 14, wherein the doped area is transformed into the
buried diffusion junctions through an annealing process which is
incorporated in the densification process.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to semiconductor fabrication technologies, and more
particularly, to a method of forming buried diffusion junctions (serving
as source/drain regions) in conjunction with shallow-trench isolation
(STI) structures in a semiconductor device. This method features the
ability of buried diffusion junctions to be self-aligned and to serve as a
plurality of parallel-spaced paired buried diffusion junctions with the
STI structures formed therebetween and one of each pair of source/drain
regions serving as a bit line.
2. Description of Related Art
MOS transistors (metal-oxide semiconductor transistor) are widely used as
the basic switching elements in integrated circuits. A MOS transistor is
typically composed of a gate, a source, and a drain. A semiconductor
device usually consists of millions of MOS transistors; therefore
isolation structures should be formed to electrically isolate the MOS
transistors from each other. The isolation structures should be highly
reliable in order to prevent possible short-circuits between the MOS
transistors. A conventional method for forming isolation structures for
MOS transistors is the so-called local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS)
technique, which can be used to form thick field oxide layers on the
substrate for isolating MOS transistors from each other. The LOCOS
technique is able to provide highly reliable and effective isolation
structures in the semiconductor device. However, it still has some
drawbacks, such as stress and bird's beak problems. The bird's beak
problem is particularly undesirable since it can cause the isolation
structures to be less effective when the device is down sized for high
integration. One solution to this problem is to use the so-called
shallow-trench isolation (STI) structure in place of the LOCOS structure.
The STI structure is not only effective in high-density devices, but is
also highly solid and planarized.
In a semiconductor device with MOS transistors, bit lines are connected via
contact holes to either the drain or the source of the MOS transistors so
that data can be read out via the bit lines from the MOS transistors. In
high-density devices, however, since the feature size is extremely small,
the process for forming the contact holes is particularly difficult since
it would be difficult to achieve precise alignment of the contact holes to
the source/drain regions in the substrate. One solution to this problem is
the so-called buried bit-line technique, which allows the bit lines to be
formed in a buried manner that occupies only a small space in the
substrate. One drawback to the buried bit-line structure, however, is that
it does not allow the buried diffusion junctions and the STI structures to
be formed on the same layout, due to the reason that the buried diffusion
junctions will be broken up during the forming of the trenches used to
form the STI structures. Moreover, by the conventional buried bit-line
technique, the bit lines are formed after the bulk of the MOS transistors
is finished, which would considerably increase the complexity of the
fabrication process.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an objective of the present invention to provide a method
for forming buried diffusion junctions in conjunction with STI structures
in a semiconductor device, which can prevent the buried diffusion junction
from being broken up during the process for forming the STI structure.
It is another objective of the present invention to provide a method for
forming buried diffusion junctions in conjunction with STI structures in a
semiconductor device, by which the bit lines are not formed after the bulk
of the MOS transistors is finished so as to simplify the overall
fabrication process for the semiconductor device.
It is another objective of the present invention to provide a method for
forming buried diffusion junctions after the high temperature steps of the
STI structure, by which the lateral diffusion of the buried diffusion
junction could be minimized. It can prevent short circuits between the
buried diffusion junction.
In accordance with the foregoing and other objectives of the present
invention, a method for forming buried diffusion junctions in conjunction
with STI structures in a semiconductor device is provided. In accordance
with the invention, two preferred embodiments are disclosed.
The method of the first preferred embodiment of the invention includes the
following steps:
(1) preparing a semiconductor substrate, forming a first oxide layer over
the substrate, forming a silicon nitride layer over the first oxide layer,
and then removing a first selected part of the silicon nitride layer to
expose those areas of the pad oxide layer beneath which the buried
diffusion junctions are to be formed;
(2) performing an oxidation process so as to transform each of the said
exposed portions of the pad oxide layer into a second oxide layer;
(3) removing a second selected part of the silicon nitride layer to expose
part of the first oxide layer, with the remaining part of the silicon
nitride layer covering the active regions;
(4) performing an etching process with the silicon nitride layer serving as
mask to thereby etch away the exposed portions of the first oxide layer;
(5) forming a plurality of STI structures in the substrate to isolate the
active regions from each other;
(6) forming a doped area in the substrate beneath each of the second oxide
layers; and
(7) performing an annealing process to transform the doped area into the
desired buried diffusion junction.
The method of the second preferred embodiment of the invention includes the
following steps:
(1) preparing a semiconductor substrate forming a first oxide layer over
the substrate, forming a silicon nitride layer over the first oxide layer,
and then removing a first selected part of the silicon nitride layer to
expose those areas of the pad oxide layer beneath which the buried
diffusion junctions are to be formed;
(2) performing an oxidation process so as to transform each of the exposed
portions of the pad oxide layer that are uncovered by the silicon nitride
layer into a second oxide layer;
(3) removing a second selected part of the silicon nitride layer to expose
part of the first oxide layer, with the remaining part of the silicon
nitride layer covering the active regions;
(4) performing an etching process with the silicon nitride layer serving as
mask to etch away the exposed portions of the first oxide layer to form a
trench;
(5) forming a doped area in the substrate beneath each of the second oxide
layers;
(6) forming a plurality of STI structures in the substrate to isolate the
active regions from each other; and
(7) performing an annealing process to transform the doped area into the
desired buried diffusion junction.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
The invention can be more fully understood by reading the following
detailed description of the preferred embodiments, with reference made to
the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view showing the layout of part of a
semiconductor device which is provided with buried diffusion junctions in
conjunction with STI structures;
FIGS. 2A-2G are schematic sectional diagrams used to depict the steps
involved in a first preferred embodiment of the method according to the
invention for forming buried diffusion junctions in conjunction with STI
structures in a semiconductor device; and
FIGS. 3A-3F are schematic sectional diagrams used to depict the steps
involved in a second preferred embodiment of the method according to the
invention for forming buried diffusion junctions in conjunction with STI
structures in a semiconductor device.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The invention provides a method for forming a plurality of buried diffusion
junctions in conjunction with a plurality of shallow-trench isolation
(STI) structures in a semiconductor device. In accordance with the
invention, a thick oxide layer is formed prior to the forming of the STI
structures to serve as an etching mask, which can prevent the subsequently
formed buried diffusion junctions to be broken up during the process for
forming the STI structures. The buried diffusion junctions are to be used
as a plurality of paired source/drain regions, with one of each pair of
source/drain regions serving as a bit line.
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view showing the layout of a semiconductor device
which is provided with a plurality of buried diffusion junctions and a
plurality of associated STI structures (shown here is a simplified
diagram, actual layout can be very complex). As shown, the semiconductor
device includes a semiconductor substrate 100 which is partitioned into a
plurality of parallel-spaced source/drain regions 12 (one of each pair of
source/drain regions is used to serve as a bit line) and active regions
14. Further, a plurality of shallow-trench isolation (STI) regions 16 are
formed between the active regions 14 so as to isolate the active regions
14 from each other. In FIG. 1, the lines I--I indicates a cross section
where the active regions 14 of the device are formed, while the line
II--II indicates another cross section where the STI regions 16 are
formed.
Two preferred embodiments of the method of the invention for forming the
buried diffusion junctions and the STI structures in the semiconductor
device of FIG. 1 will be disclosed in the following with reference
respectively to FIGS. 2A-2G and to FIGS. 3A-3F. First Preferred Embodiment
FIGS. 2A-2G are schematic sectional diagrams used to depict the steps
involved in the first preferred embodiment of the method according to the
invention for forming a plurality of buried diffusion junctions in
conjunction with a plurality of associated STI structures in a
semiconductor device.
Referring first to FIG. 2A, in the first step, a semiconductor substrate
100 is prepared, then a pad oxide layer 102 is formed over the entire top
surface of the substrate 100 through a thermal oxidation process.
Subsequently, a layer of silicon nitride 104 is formed over the pad oxide
layer 102 through a chemical-vapor deposition (CVD) process; and after
this, a photoresist layer 108 is coated over the entire top surface of the
silicon nitride layer 104. The silicon nitride layer 104 is then
selectively removed through a photolithographic and etching process using
the photoresist layer 108 as mask. This exposes those regions of the pad
oxide layer 102 laid directly above those regions in the substrate 100
where the buried diffusion junctions are to be formed. At this stage,
since the active regions of the device are not yet defined and formed, the
I--I and II--II cross sections in FIG. 1 are the same as shown in FIG. 2A.
FIG. 2B shows the subsequent step in which the entire photoresist layer 108
is removed. Next, a wet-oxidation process is performed in a humid
environment so as to further oxidize the exposed portions of the pad oxide
layer 102 (as indicated by the reference numeral 102a in FIG. 2B). As a
result of this process, the exposed portions 102a of the pad oxide layer
102 are each thickened into a beak-like shape (hereinafter referred to as
beak-like oxide layer) to a thickness of about 600 .ANG.-1,000 .ANG..
Referring next to FIG. 2C (which shows the II--II cross section in FIG. 1),
a photolithographic and etching process is then performed on the wafer so
as to define and form a plurality of active regions (i.e., those regions
indicated by the reference numeral 14 in FIG. 1) and a plurality of areas
where the shallow-trench isolation (STI) structures are to be formed. In
this process, those regions that are covered by the masking photoresist
layer (not shown) are defined as the active regions, while those uncovered
are defined as the areas where the STI structures are to be formed.
Subsequently, a dry-etching process is performed on the wafer using a
suitable etchants that can etch into the exposed silicon nitride layer 104
until the underlying surface of the pad oxide layer 102 is exposed. After
this, the wafer is submerged in a solution of hydrofluoric acid (HF) so as
to remove all the pad oxide layer 102 other than the thick beak-like oxide
layers 102a until the top surface of the substrate 100 is exposed. An
etching process is then performed on the wafer with the thick beak-like
oxide layers 102a serving as a mask, whereby each exposed portion of the
substrate 100 between the beak-like oxide layers 102a is etched away to
form a trench 110 in the substrate 100. In this etching process, the use
of the beak-like oxide layers 102a as the mask prevents the subsequently
formed buried diffusion junctions (to be detailed later) from being broken
up during the process for forming the STI structure.
Referring further to FIG. 2D (which shows the II--II cross section in FIG.
1), the next step is to perform a conventional process for forming an STI
structure in each trench 110. The first step is to form a liner oxide
layer 130 on the bottom and sidewalls of each trench 110 (FIG. 2C). After
this, an annealing process is performed on the wafer so as to allow any
portions of the wafer damaged due to etching in the earlier process to be
restored to original form.
Subsequently, a dielectric material, such as tetra-ethyl-ortho-silicate
(TEOS), is used to fill up each trench 110 (FIG. 2C) in the substrate 100
through an atmospheric-pressure chemical-vapor deposition (CVD) process to
an overflow level above the top surface of the beak-like oxide layers
102a. Next, a densification process at a temperature of about
1,000.degree. C. is performed to solidify the TEOS layer. After this, a
chemical-mechanical polish (CMP) process is performed on the wafer so as
to polish away all the portions of the TEOS layer that stick up above the
surface of the beak-like oxide layers 102a due to overflow. Through this
process, the remaining portions of the TEOS layer 120 in each trench 110
(FIG. 2C) are used to serve as oxide plugs. Next, a solution of H.sub.3
PO.sub.4 is used to etch away the silicon nitride layer 104 in these areas
until the surfaces of the underlying portions of the pad oxide layer 102
are exposed.
Referring next to FIG. 2E (which shows the I--I cross section in FIG. 1),
in the subsequent step, a plurality of sidewall spacers 112 are formed on
the sidewalls of the openings in the silicon nitride layer 104. These
sidewall spacers 112 are formed by first depositing an oxide layer over
the entire top surface of the wafer to a thickness of about 1,000
.ANG.-2,000 .ANG. through a CVD process, and then performing an
anisotropic etching process on the oxide layer. Through the anisotropic
etching process, the remaining portions of the oxide layer then serve as
the sidewall spacers 112.
Referring to FIG. 2F (which shows the I--I cross section in FIG. 1)
together with FIG. 2G (which shows the II--II cross section in FIG. 1), in
the subsequent step, an ion-implantation process is performed on the wafer
so as to dope an impurity element, such as arsenic (As), in ionic form
into those areas in the substrate 100 that are located directly beneath
the beak-like oxide layers 102a. During this process, the beak-like oxide
layers 102a can serve to suppress the so-called channeling effect such
that a suitable implant depth can be achieved, with the silicon nitride
layer 104 and the sidewall spacers 112 serving as implant stoppers. After
this, an annealing process is performed on the wafer, whereby the doped
regions beneath the beak-like oxide layers 102a are transformed into the
desired buried diffusion junctions 106 which serve as the source/drain
regions in the device.
Due to the provision of the sidewall spacers 112, the neighboring buried
diffusion junctions 106 can be formed with a greater separating distance,
allowing the impurity ions in the doped regions not to be overly diffused
into the neighboring buried diffusion junctions during the annealing
process. When the device is further down sized for higher integration,
this benefit can ensure that the neighboring buried diffusion junctions
106 in the device are not short-circuited due to the very small separating
distance between them. Those buried diffusion junctions 106 serve as a
plurality of paired source/drain regions, with one of each pair of
source/drain regions serving as a bit line.
The solution of H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 is used to etch away the remaining silicon
nitride layer 104. After this, an oxide layer is formed through a CVD
process; and then a second CMP process is performed to remove the sidewall
spacers 112. All of the subsequent steps to complete the fabrication of
the semiconductor device are conventional techniques, so detailed
description thereof will not be given.
It can be learned from the foregoing description that the method of the
invention can prevent the buried diffusion junctions from being broken up
during the subsequent process for forming the STI structures. This is due
to the fact that a thick oxide layer, i.e., the beak-like oxide layer
102a, is formed prior to the forming of the STI structures, and serves as
a mask to protect against etching. Moreover, due to the provision of the
sidewall spacers 112 on the sidewalls of the openings formed in the
silicon nitride layer 104, the neighboring buried diffusion junctions can
be separated by a greater distance, thus allowing the impurity ions in the
doped regions not to be overly diffused into the neighboring buried
diffusion junctions during the annealing process. When the device is
further down sized for higher integration, this benefit can ensure that
the neighboring buried diffusion junctions in the device are not be
shorted due to the very small separation between them. The buried
diffusion junctions formed by the method of the invention serve as a
plurality of paired source/drain regions, with one of each pair of
source/drain regions serving as a bit line. Second Preferred Embodiment
FIGS. 3A-3F are schematic sectional diagrams used to depict the steps
involved in the second preferred embodiment of the method according to the
invention for forming a plurality of buried diffusion junctions in
conjunction with a plurality of associated STI structures in a
semiconductor device.
Referring first to FIG. 3A, in the first step, a semiconductor substrate
300 is prepared; then a pad oxide layer 302 is formed over the substrate
300 through a thermal oxidation process. After this, a layer of silicon
nitride 304 is formed over the pad oxide layer 302 through a
chemical-vapor deposition (CVD) process; and then a photolithographic and
etching process is performed so as to remove selected portions of the
silicon nitride layer 304 to expose those regions of the pad oxide layer
302 that are laid directly above those regions in the substrate 300 where
the buried diffusion junctions are to be formed.
Subsequently, a wet oxidation process is performed in a humid environment
so as to further oxidize the exposed portions of the pad oxide layer 302
(as indicated by the reference numeral 302a in FIG. 3A). As a result of
this process, the exposed portions 302a are each thickened into a
beak-like portion (hereinafter referred to as beak-like oxide layer) to a
thickness of about 600 .ANG. to 1,000 .ANG.. At this stage, since the
active regions of the device are not yet defined and formed, the two cross
sections cutting respectively through the lines I--I and II--II in FIG. 1
are the same as shown in FIG. 3A.
Referring next to FIG. 3B (which shows the II--II cross section in FIG. 1),
a photolithographic and etching process is then performed on the wafer so
as to define and form a plurality of active regions (i.e., those regions
indicated by the reference numeral 14 in FIG. 1) and a plurality of areas
where the shallow-trench isolation (STI) structures are to be formed. In
this process, those regions that are covered by the masking photoresist
layer (not shown) are defined as the active regions, while those uncovered
are defined as the areas where the STI structures are to be formed.
Subsequently, a dry-etching process is performed on the wafer to remove
the exposed portions of the silicon nitride layer 304. Then, the wafer is
submerged in a solution of hydrofluoric acid (HF) until the top surface of
the substrate 300 is exposed. Therefore, the pad oxide layer 302 uncovered
by the masking photoresist layer is removed but the thick beak-like oxide
layers 302a is remained. Subsequently, an etching process is performed on
the wafer with both the masking photoresist layer and the thick beak-like
oxide layers 302a serving as masks, whereby each exposed portion of the
substrate 300 between the beak-like oxide layers 302a is etched away to
form a trench 310 in the substrate 300. In this etching process, the use
of the beak-like oxide layers 302a as the mask allows the subsequently
formed buried diffusion junctions (to be detailed later) to be formed
without breaks. The details thereof have been described in the previous
section of the first preferred embodiment,will detailed description
thereof will not be herein repeated.
Referring to FIG. 3C (which shows the I--I cross section in FIG. 1)
together with FIG. 3D (which shows the II--II cross section in FIG. 1), in
the subsequent step a liner oxide layer 322 is formed over the bottom and
sidewalls of each trench 310 in the substrate 300. After this, an
annealing process is performed on the wafer so as to allow any portions of
the wafer damaged due to etching in the earlier process to be restored to
original form. Subsequently, a first sidewall-spacer structure 312 (FIG.
3C) is formed on the sidewalls of the openings in the silicon nitride
layer 304, while a second sidewall-spacer structure 332 (FIG. 3D) is
formed on the sidewalls of each trench 310 in the substrate 300. These two
sidewall-spacer structures 312, 332 are formed together by first
depositing an oxide layer over the entire top surface of the wafer to a
thickness of about 1,000 .ANG. to 2,000 .ANG. through a CVD process, and
then performing an anisotropic etching process on the oxide layer. The
provision of the first sidewall-spacer structure 312 has the benefit of
causing the neighboring buried diffusion junctions 306 to be formed with a
greater separating distance, thus allowing the impurity ions in the doped
regions to not be overly diffused into the neighboring buried diffusion
junctions during the annealing process. The provision of the second
sidewall-spacer structure 332 can prevent the sidewalls of the trench 310
from being penetrated by impurity ions during the subsequent
ion-implantation process for forming the buried diffusion junctions.
Referring further to FIG. 3E (which shows the I--I cross section in FIG. 1)
together with FIG. 3F (which shows the II--II cross section in FIG. 1), an
ion-implantation process is then performed on the wafer to dope an
impurity element, such as arsenic (As), in ionic form into those areas in
the substrate 300 that are located beneath the beak-like oxide layers
302a. During this process, the beak-like oxide layers 302a can serve to
suppress the so-called channeling effect such that a suitable implant
depth can be achieved, with the silicon nitride layer 304 and the sidewall
spacers 312 serving as implant stoppers. After this, the wafer is
submerged in a solution of HF so as to remove both the first and second
sidewall-spacer structures 312, 332. Then, a conventional process is
performed to form the STI structures, whose procedural steps have been
described in the section of the first preferred embodiment. A detailed
description thereof will not be herein repeated. In the process for
forming the STI structures, however, the high-temperature condition in the
densification step also causes the annealing of the doped regions into the
desired buried diffusion junctions 306 beneath the beak-like oxide layers
302a. These buried diffusion junctions 306 serves as a plurality of paired
source/drain regions for the device, with one of each pair of source/drain
regions serving as a bit line.
It can be learned from the foregoing description that the method of the
invention can prevent the buried diffusion junctions from being broken up
during the subsequent process for forming the STI structures. This is due
to the fact that a thick oxide layer, i.e., the beak-like oxide layer
302a, is formed prior to the forming of the STI structures, which serves
as a mask to protect against etching. Moreover, due to the provision of
the sidewall spacers 312 on the sidewalls of the openings formed in the
silicon nitride layer 304, the neighboring buried diffusion junctions can
be separated by a greater distance, thus allowing the impurity ions in the
doped regions to not be overly diffused into the neighboring buried
diffusion junctions during the annealing process. When the device is
further down sized for higher integration, this benefit can assure that
the neighboring buried diffusion junctions in the device are not be
shorted due to the very small separation between them. Further, the
provision of the second sidewall-spacer structure 332 can prevent the
sidewalls of the trench 310 from being penetrated by impurity ions in the
subsequent ion-implantation process for forming the buried diffusion
junctions.
The invention has been described using exemplary preferred embodiments.
However, it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not
limited to the disclosed embodiments. On the contrary, it is intended to
cover various modifications and similar arrangements. The scope of the
claims, therefore, should be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to
encompass all such modifications and similar arrangements.
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