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United States Patent |
5,777,467
|
Arms
,   et al.
|
July 7, 1998
|
Miniaturized displacement transducer assembly
Abstract
The novel differential variable reluctance transducer assembly is comprised
of an ultra miniaturized device encased in stainless steel. The assembly
contains a free sliding, magnetically permeable core and two coils
surrounding the core. A split ring mounting adapter system allows for a
variable gauge length and interchangeable mounting pins. A highly flexible
core carrier tube and support wire allows for significant bending without
failure, does not interfere with the coils detection of the core, and
protects the core from corrosion. A sleeve strain relief sheath has been
incorporated with the sensor to avoid excessive strain to lead wires
during and after installation. The position of the core is detected by
measuring the coils' differential reluctance and transmitted by means of
wires or telemetry to measuring equipment.
Inventors:
|
Arms; Steven W. (Burlington, VT);
Townsend; Christopher P. (Burlington, VT)
|
Assignee:
|
MicroStrain, Inc. (Burlington, VT)
|
Appl. No.:
|
590835 |
Filed:
|
January 24, 1996 |
Current U.S. Class: |
324/207.18; 324/207.24 |
Intern'l Class: |
G01B 007/14; G01B 007/30; H01F 005/00 |
Field of Search: |
324/207.17,207.18,207.19,207.24
340/870.35,870.36
128/782
|
References Cited
U.S. Patent Documents
5004391 | Apr., 1991 | Burdea | 324/207.
|
5497147 | Mar., 1996 | Arms et al. | 340/870.
|
Primary Examiner: Snow; Walter E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Neiman; Thomas N.
Parent Case Text
This is a continuation in part application based upon the utility patent
application Ser. No. 08/078,467 filed on 21 Jun. 1993 now U.S. Pat. No.
5,497,147.
Claims
We claim:
1. A miniaturized displacement transducer assembly, for use in industrial
and medical research applications to measure strains or displacement in
areas previously considered inaccessible, comprising:
a housing;
said housing comprising a hollow tubular structure;
said housing having positioning means attached at least one end of said
housing;
slideable core means located within said housing;
said slideable core means having positioning means attached;
said slideable core means comprising a metallic center;
said metallic center having a circumference composed of a superelastic
material;
a plurality of coils surrounding said slideable core means;
said coils having implanting means for positioning said coils within said
housing; and
said coils further having a circuitry attachment unit.
2. A miniaturized displacement transducer assembly according to claim 1,
wherein:
said housing positioning means comprises at least one split ring mounting
adapter unit attached at one end of said housing;
said split ring mounting adapter unit having means for varying the tension
on said slideable core; and
said tension varying means comprises a screw tightening device.
3. A miniaturized displacement transducer assembly, according to claim 2,
wherein:
said split ring mounting adapter unit comprising construction of a material
that is non-magnetic and is poorly or non-conductive.
4. A miniaturized displacement transducer assembly, according to claim 2,
wherein:
said screw tightening device comprises construction of a material that is
non-magnetic and is poorly or non-conductive.
5. A differential variable reluctance transducer assembly, according to
claim 1, wherein:
said flexible core means comprises the use of super elastic material which
allows for the bending of said circuitry attachment unit without the
probability of failure; and
said superelastic material comprises the use of a nickel-titanium mixture.
6. A miniaturized displacement transducer assembly, according to claim 1,
wherein:
said metallic center having a magnetically permeable material construction;
and
said metallic center having a conductive material construction.
7. A miniaturized displacement transducer assembly according to claim 1,
wherein:
said coil implanting means comprises the potting of said coils in epoxy.
8. A miniaturized displacement transducer assembly according to claim 1,
wherein:
said circuitry attachment unit comprises circuitry means adhesively
attached to said coils; and
said circuitry attachment unit further comprises a connection piece
attached to said coils.
9. A miniaturized displacement transducer assembly according to claim 8,
wherein:
said circuitry means comprises flexible wire means; and
said wire means having flexible protective means surrounding said wire
means for permitting protection and flexibility.
10. A miniaturized displacement transducer assembly according to claim 9,
wherein:
said flexible protective means comprises a sheath surrounding said flexible
wire means for providing protection for said flexible wire means during
installation and operation of said differential variable reluctance
transducer assembly.
11. A miniaturized displacement transducer assembly for use in industrial
and medical research applications to measure strains and displacement in
areas previously considered inaccessible, comprising:
a housing;
said housing comprising a hollow tubular structure;
slideable core means located within said housing;
said slideable core means comprising a metallic center;
said center having a circumference of superelastic material;
a plurality of coils surrounding said slideable core means;
said coils having implanting means for positioning said coils within said
housing; and
said coils further having a circuitry attachment unit.
12. A differential variable reluctance transducer assembly, for use in
industrial and medical research applications to measure strains and
displacement in areas previously considered inaccessible, comprising:
a housing;
said housing comprising a hollow tubular structure;
slideable core means located within said housing;
said slideable core means comprising a metallic center;
said metallic center having a receiving aperture located therein;
a superelastic rod positioned within said receieving aperture;
a plurality of coils surrounding said slideable core means;
said coils having implanting means for positioning said coils within said
housing; and
said coils further having a circuitry attachment unit.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention pertains to devices for measuring displacement and strain
and, in particular, to a differential variable reluctance transducer
assembly for use in delicate or hard to reach areas.
There have been a number of attempts to develop highly accurate
miniaturized sensors to be used by the medical profession and by industry
to measure strains. Examples of this type device are many systems using
Hall Effect displacement sensors. The United States Patent issued to
Steven W. Arms, U.S. Pat. No. 4,813,435 issued on 21 Mar. 1989 is an
example of this type system. Other attempts in this area include the
United States Patents issued to Robert W. Redlich, U.S. Pat. No. 4,667,158
issued on 19 May 1987 and to Alec H. Seilly, U.S. Pat. No. 4,350,954
issued on 21 Sep. 1982. There are, however many difficulties with those
type devices. Among the difficulties are moisture problems, noise
interference, core rotation artifact, and limited linear range.
Miniaturization of the sensor may also lead to fragility of sensor
components, especially the tendency for transducer to become bent or
kinked.
What is needed is a miniature system for displacement/strain measurement
that is easy to apply without concern for damage to the small sliding
core. Traditional core carrying tubes such as stainless steels become
fragile in small diameters. Once these core carrying tubes are deformed,
they can prevent free sliding within the detection coils, or become
jammed. This prevents accurate measurement. If the user attempts to remedy
the situation, it may produce a local change in the electromagnetic
permeability in the core carrier, which could alter the sensors
calibration or produce a non linearity in sensor output. A new core
carrier material is needed that overcomes these limitations.
What is needed is a system which is simple and easy to use, has increased
linear range and higher signal to noise ratio which are inherent in a
differential variable reluctance transducer. What is also needed are micro
power circuitry for use in the system which will allow the user to count
and monitor remote signals from the transducer for ease of evaluation.
It is the object of this invention to teach a miniaturized displacement
transducer assembly which avoids the disadvantages and limitations,
recited above in similar systems. Another object of this invention is to
provide an system that is simple to operate, extremely effective and very
cost effective with sufficient power and accuracy, at the same time, be
extremely efficient.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Particularly, it is the object of this invention to teach a miniaturized
displacement transducer assembly, for use in industrial and medical
research applications to measure strains or displacement in areas
previously considered inaccessible, comprising a housing; said housing
comprising a hollow tubular structure; said housing having positioning
means at least one end of said housing; slideable core means located
within said housing; said slideable core means having positioning means
attached; said slideable core means comprising a metallic center; said
metallic center having a circumference of a superelastic material; a
plurality of coils surrounding said core means; said coils having
implanting means for positioning said coils within said housing; and said
coils further having circuitry attachment unit. It is also the object of
this invention to teach a differential variable reluctance transducer
assembly, for use in industrial and medical research applications to
measure strains and displacement in areas previously considered
inaccessible, comprising a housing; said housing comprising a hollow
tubular structure; slideable core means located within said housing; said
slideable core means comprising a metallic center; said metallic center
having a circumference of superelastic material; a plurality of coils
surrounding said slideable core means; said coils having implanting means
for positioning said coils within said housing and said coils having a
circuitry attachment unit. Finally, it is the object of this invention to
teach a differential variable reluctance transducer assembly, for use in
industrial and medical research applications to measure strains and
displacement in areas previously considered inaccessible, comprising a
housing; said housing comprising a hollow tubular structure; slideable
core means located within said housing; said slideable core means
comprising a metallic center; said metallic center having a superelastic
rod receiving aperture located therein; a plurality of coils surrounding
said slideable core means; said coils having implanting means for
positioning said coils within said housing; and said coils further having
a circuitry attachment unit.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Further objects and features of this invention will become more apparent by
reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the
following figures, in which:
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of the novel differential variable reluctance
transducer assembly;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view thereof;
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view thereof taken along line A--A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view thereof taken along line B--B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view thereof; and
FIG. 6 is a partial exploded view showing an alternative embodiment of FIG.
2.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
As shown in the figures, the system 10 comprises a housing 11 that is
comprised of a hollow tubular stainless steel structure. The housing is
positioned by means of a barbed probe 12 attached at one end of the
housing 11. Housing 11 may have a coating or thin continuous layer of
insulation on its inner diameter to provide enhanced electrical isolation
of the internal electronics from the housing as well as the external
environment. The housing surrounds a bobbin 31 which may be formed of a
stainless steel tube or other materials. The barbed probe 12 has a split
ring clamp 32 for positioning and also a tensioning screw 33 for the
holding and for the removal of the system as desired. A second barbed
probe 13 has a split ring clamp 14 into which one end of the core carrier
tube 15 is attached. The split ring arrangement allows the barbs to be
located at any point along the differential variable reluctance transducer
housing 11 or along the length of the core. carrier tube 15. Clamps can be
loosened with a turn of the screws 33 and 33a and positioned as needed.
The screws 33 and 33a have vertical apertures 37 and 37a to provide for
precise positioning of the barbs 12 and 13 during insertion. This ability
to adjust the initial gauge length allows a single sensor to be used on a
variety of samples with varying compliance. For example, on materials
which strain a large amount, the barbs or attachments may be placed closer
together in order to maintain differential variable reluctance transducer
output in its linear range.
The core carrier tube 15 is inserted into the bobbin 31 but all slide
freely within the bobbin 31. The barbs can also be replaced; in this case,
adhesive attaching pads may be used or the screws may be lengthened and
secured by a nut to another part which contains an aperture. The slideable
core 16 is comprised of a magnetically permeable metallic center bonded
within a core carrier tube or circumference 15 which is comprised of a
superelastic material such as a nickel-titanium mixture. The slideable
core 16 can also be constructed of a conductive material. A reinforcement
rod 36 comprised of a superelastic wire is fixed within the
nickel-titanium circumference 15 and is totally non magnetic. The metallic
center may also be attached to a superelastic rod. In that case, the
superelastic circumference or core carrier tube would not be used and an
aperture would be drilled in the metallic center to receive the
superelastlc rod. A disadvantage of this version is that corrosion
resistance would be lessened compared with the core carrier tube. A
plurality of coils 18 and 18a are wrapped around the bobbin 31 and epoxy
38 potted into position within the housing 11. Bobbin 31 may be covered or
coated with a thin continuous layer of insulation, such as polyimide, to
enhance electrical isolation of the coils 18 and 18a from bobbin 31. These
coils may also be formed by vacuum deposition of conductive material onto
the bobbin 31 or by winding fine wire, and subsequent controlled
photolithographic or laser micro machining for removal of conductive
material to facilitate connection to output bonding and to produce a
bonded coil on the bobbin 31. The coils 18 and 18a are attached
(electrically) to flat, flexible pads 21, 21a and 21b with the coils leads
22, 22a and 22b. A flexible sheath 20 prevents excess bending of wire
circuits 19. Flexible tubular sheathe 20 is a hollow tubular boot of
tubing, such as silicone rubber, which provides flexibility but prevent
sharp bending of coil leads 22, 22a and 22b at their connection to the
housing 11 and the bobbin 31. This tubular sheath allows bobbin 31 to be
vented to the external environment. This is important to provide pressure
equalization and the venting of fluid at the back of the bobbin, which
improves the maintenance of free sliding of the core carrier tube 15 in a
aqueous environment. The use of this super elastic material for the
slideable core carrier tube allows for a significant amount of bending
without failure. Angular misalignment of the core and the coil can be
tolerated to a much greater degree. The flat flexible circuitry 19
provides for greatly reduced size, since the internal bonding pads 21, 21a
and 21b may be curved to fit in close proximity to the coils 18 and 18a,
within the epoxy potting compound. The wire circuits are directed
individually into oscillators which resonate at a frequency dependent on
core position. A mixing circuit combines those frequencies, providing the
frequency difference between each of the oscillators. This difference is
sent to a high frequency carrier oscillator and is used to modulate the
high frequency carrier. This frequent modulated carrier signal is sent to
an FM antenna for wireless data transmission.
The receiving system is comprised of an FM receiver which receives a signal
from the FM antenna. The signal is then sent through an amplifier and then
enters a phase-locked- loop circuit which clarifies the signal and sends
the signal to a microprocessor which counts the signal and then displays
and stores the information. Software controls the function of the
microprocessor and is used to access calibration files for specific
differential variable reluctance transducers and enhance their performance
by implementing algorithms for temperature compensation and linerazation.
Linerazation is accomplished by multiple breakpoint polynomial regression
using a microprocessor controlled by software. The data used to develop
the multiple breakpoint polynomial regression is found by calibrating the
differential variable reluctance transducer using gage blocks of known
thickness or by incrementally moving the differential variable reluctance
transducer using a fine micrometer thread. These calibrations are then
curve fitted using multiple ordered polynomial connected at breakpoint
which are selected by the user in order to achieve a required accuracy.
The operation of the novel miniaturized displacement transducer assembly
system is enhanced by being ultra miniaturized to allow access to delicate
or hard to reach structures. The encased device is comprised of two coils
and a free sliding, magnetically permeable core. Core movements cause one
coils' reluctance to be increased, while the other is decreased. The
difference is a very sensitive measurement of the core's position.
Temperature changes cause each coil's reluctance to change similarly,
thereby canceling out these effort. The eletrical connections are potted
in epoxy within the casing which results, in outstanding moisture
resistance. A free sliding core carrier tube in the form of a super
elastic tube and reinforcing superelastic wire are used to overcome the
limitations of conventional core materials, such as, fatigue, bending and
the potential change in calibration that may occur with stainless steel
core materials. Measurement of the core's position can also be
accomplished by measuring the coils differential reluctance using sinewave
excitation and a synchronous demodulator.
While we have described our invention in connection with specific
embodiments thereof, it is clearly to be understood that this is done only
by way of example and not as a limitation to the scope of our invention as
set forth in the objects thereof and in the appended claims.
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