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| United States Patent |
5,757,555
|
|
Sato
|
May 26, 1998
|
Internal focusing type telephoto lens
Abstract
An internal focusing type telephoto lens which, while maintaining a
superior optical performance, has a small effective aperture of the
focusing lens as well as a small focusing movement amount. The lens
includes first, second and third lens groups designated as G1, G2 and G3,
respectively. The internal focusing type telephoto lens performs focusing
by moving the second lens group G2 along the optical axis. The first lens
group G1 has a positive refractive power, the second lens group G2 has a
negative refractive power, and the third lens group G3 has a positive
refractive power. The first lens group G1 and the second lens group G2
form a nearly afocal system. The first lens group G1 has, at the object
side, a negative meniscus lens L11 having a convex surface that faces
towards the object side.
| Inventors:
|
Sato; Susumu (Chiba, JP)
|
| Assignee:
|
Nikon Corporation (Tokyo, JP)
|
| Appl. No.:
|
755899 |
| Filed:
|
November 25, 1996 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
| Current U.S. Class: |
359/684; 359/557; 359/690; 359/691 |
| Intern'l Class: |
G02B 015/14; G02B 027/64 |
| Field of Search: |
359/557,684,690,691
|
References Cited
U.S. Patent Documents
| 4810071 | Mar., 1989 | Tsuchida et al. | 359/690.
|
| 5168402 | Dec., 1992 | Mihara | 359/684.
|
| 5325233 | Jun., 1994 | Nakatsuji et al. | 359/684.
|
| 5528423 | Jun., 1996 | Arimoto et al. | 359/684.
|
| 5528427 | Jun., 1996 | Tanaka et al. | 359/684.
|
| 5579171 | Nov., 1996 | Suzuki et al. | 359/557.
|
| 5633756 | May., 1997 | Kaneda et al. | 359/557.
|
| 5666230 | Sep., 1997 | Sato | 359/684.
|
Primary Examiner: Nelms; David C.
Assistant Examiner: Lester; Evelyn A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Oliff & Berridge, PLC
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An internal focusing telephoto lens system, comprising:
a first lens group G1 of positive refractive power having a focal length
f1, wherein a lens element of the first lens group positioned at an
extreme object side comprises a convex negative meniscus lens with a
refractive power Na, an Abbe number .sigma.a, an object side with a radius
of curvature Ra, and an image side with a radius of curvature Rb;
a second lens group G2 of negative refractive power having a focal length
f2; and
a third lens group G3 of positive refractive power having a focal length
f3;
wherein the first lens group G1 and the second lens group G2 form a nearly
afocal system;
wherein the first, second and third lens groups are arranged, in this
order, from the object side to an image side, wherein focusing of the lens
system is accomplished by moving the second lens group G2 along an optical
axis of the lens system, wherein a focal length of the entire lens system
is F, and wherein the following conditions are satisfied:
0.7<.vertline.(f1.times.f3)/(f2.times.F).vertline.<1.3;
0.05<.vertline.f2/f1.vertline.<0.55;
1.65<Na;
30<.sigma.a<58; and
-1.0<(Rb-Ra)/(Rb+Ra)<-0.05.
2. The lens system of claim 1, wherein the following condition is
satisfied:
0.10<.vertline.f2/f1.vertline.<0.45.
3. The lens system of claim 1, wherein the following condition is
satisfied:
1.7<Na.
4. The lens system of claim 1, wherein the following condition is
satisfied:
32<.sigma.a<53.
5.
5. The lens system of claim 1, wherein the following condition is
satisfied:
-0.8<(Rb-Ra)/(Rb+Ra)<-0.3.
6. The lens system of claim 1, wherein the first lens group G1 comprises:
a front lens sub-group G11 having a positive refractive power and a focal
length f11; and
a rear lens sub-group G12 having a positive refractive power and a focal
length f12;
wherein the front lens sub-group G11 is arranged on the object side of the
first lens group G1; and
wherein the following condition is satisfied:
0.2<(f11/f12)<2.5.
7. The lens system of claim 6, wherein the following condition is
satisfied:
0.3<(f11/f12)<2.0.
8. The lens system of claim 6, wherein the following condition is
satisfied:
0.35<(f1/F)<0.80.
9. The lens system of claim 8, wherein the following condition is
satisfied:
0.40<(f1/F)<0.70.
10. The lens system of claim 6, wherein an effective aperture of the object
side lens surface of the front lens sub-group G11 is .phi., and wherein
the following condition is satisfied:
0.2<(.phi./f1)<0.7.
11. The lens system of claim 10, wherein the following condition is
satisfied:
0.23<(.phi./f1)<0.40.
12. The lens system of claim 6, wherein the front lens sub-group G11
comprises, in order from the object side, a negative meniscus lens with a
convex surface facing the object side bonded to a positive lens.
13. The lens system of claim 6, wherein the rear lens sub-group G12
comprises, in order from the object side, a negative meniscus lens with a
convex surface facing the object side bonded to B positive meniscus lens
having a convex surface facing the object side.
14. The lens system of claim 6, wherein a composite refractive power of the
rear lens sub-group G12, the second lens group G2 and the third lens group
G3 is positive.
15. The lens system of claim 6, wherein the third lens group G3 is capable
of being de-centered with respect to an optical axis of the lens system to
displace an image formation position.
16. The lens system of claim 15, further comprising:
a blur detection device that produces a blur signal;
a calculation device that generates a driving signal based on the blur
signal; and
a driving device that de-centers the third lens group relative to the
optical axis of the lens system, based on the driving signal, to correct a
blurred condition detected by the blur detection device.
17. The lens system of claim 1, wherein the following condition is
satisfied:
0.35<(f1/F)<0.80.
18. The lens system of claim 17, wherein the following condition is
satisfied:
0.40<(f1/F)<0.70.
19. The lens system of claim 17, wherein the first lens group G1 comprises
a front lens sub-group G11 and a rear lens sub-group G12, wherein an
effective aperture of the object side lens surface of the front lens
sub-group G11 is .phi., and wherein the following condition is satisfied:
0.2<(.phi./f1)<0.7.
20. The lens system of claim 19, wherein the following condition is
satisfied:
0.23<(.phi./f1)<0.40.
21. The lens system of claim 17, wherein the first lens group G1 comprises
a front lens sub-group G11 and a rear lens sub-group G12, and wherein the
front lens sub-group G11 comprises, in order from the object side,
negative meniscus lens having a convex surface facing the object side
bonded to a positive lens.
22. The lens system of claim 17, wherein the first lens group G1 comprises
a front lens sub-group G11 and a rear lens sub-group G12, and wherein the
rear lens sub-group G12 comprises, in order from the object side, negative
meniscus lens having a convex surface facing the object side bonded to a
positive meniscus lens having a convex surface facing the object side.
23. The lens system of claim 17, wherein the first lens group G1 comprises
a front lens sub-group G11 and a rear lens sub-group G12, and wherein a
composite refractive power of the rear lens sub-group G12, the second lens
group G2 and the third lens group G3 is positive.
24. The lens system of claim 17, wherein the third lens group G3 is capable
of being decentered with respect to an optical axis of the lens system to
displace an image formation position.
25. The lens system of claim 24, further comprising:
a blur detection device that produces a blur signal;
a calculation device that generates a driving signal based on the blur
signal; and
a driving device that de-centers the third lens group relative to the
optical axis of the lens system, based on the driving signal, to correct a
blurred condition detected by the blur detection device.
26. The lens system of claim 1, wherein the first lens group G1 comprises a
front lens sub-group G11 and a rear lens sub-group G12, wherein the front
lens sub-group G11 has a positive refractive power with an effective
aperture .phi., and wherein the following condition is satisfied:
0.2<(.phi./f1)<0.7.
27.
27. The lens system of claim 26, wherein the following condition is
satisfied:
0.23<(.phi./f1)<0.40.
28. The lens system of claim 26, wherein the front lens sub-group G11
comprises, in order from the object side, a negative meniscus lens with a
convex surface facing the object side bonded to a positive lens.
29. The lens system of claim 26, wherein the rear lens sub-group G12
comprises, in order from the object side, a negative meniscus lens with a
convex surface facing the object side bonded to a positive meniscus lens
having a convex surface facing the object side.
30. The lens system of claim 26, wherein a composite refractive power of
the rear lens sub-group G12, the second lens group G2 and the third lens
group G3 is positive.
31. The lens system of claim 26, wherein the third lens group G3 is capable
of being decentered with respect to an optical axis of the lens system to
displace an image formation position.
32. The lens system of claim 31, further comprising:
a blur detection device that produces a blur signal;
a calculation device that generates a driving signal based on the blur
signal; and
a driving device that de-centers the third lens group relative to the
optical axis of the lens system, based on the driving signal, to correct a
blurred condition detected by the blur detection device.
33. The lens system of claim 1, wherein the first lens group G1 comprises a
front lens sub-group G11 and a rear lens sub-group G12, and wherein the
front lens subgroup G11 comprises, in order from the object side, a
negative meniscus lens with a convex surface facing the object side bonded
to a positive lens.
34. The lens system of claim 1, wherein the first lens group G1 comprises a
front lens sub-group G11 and a rear lens sub-group G12, and wherein the
rear lens subgroup G12 comprises, in order from the object side, a
negative meniscus lens with a convex surface facing the object side bonded
to a positive meniscus lens having a convex surface facing the object
side.
35. The lens system of claim 1, wherein the first lens group G1 comprises a
front lens sub-group G11 and a rear lens sub-group G12, and wherein a
composite refractive power of the rear lens sub-group G12, the second lens
group G2 and the third lens group G3 is positive.
36. The lens system of claim 1, wherein the third lens group G3 is capable
of being decentered with respect to an optical axis of the lens system to
displace an image formation position.
37. The lens system of claim 36, further comprising:
a blur detection device that produces a blur signal;
a calculation device that generates a driving signal based on the blur
signal; and
a driving device that de-centers the third lens group relative to the
optical axis of the lens system, based on the driving signal, to correct a
blurred condition detected by the blur detection device.
38. The lens system of claim 1, wherein the following condition is
satisfied:
0.20<(f1/F)<0.80.
39. The lens system of claim 1, wherein the first lens group G1 comprises:
a front lens sub-group G11 having a positive refractive power and a focal
length f11; and
a rear lens sub-group G12 having a positive refractive power and a focal
length f12; and
wherein the front lens sub-group G11 is arranged on the object side of the
first lens group G1.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an internal focusing type telephoto lens,
and specifically, it relates to an internal focusing type telephoto lens
for single lens reflex cameras, electronic still cameras, and other
similar cameras.
2. Description of Related Art
Heretofore, with known internal focusing type telephoto lenses, the
effective aperture of the focusing lens group, which moves along the
optical axis, is large at the time of focusing. In addition, the movement
distance of the focusing lens group at the time of focusing, in other
words, the focusing movement amount, is large.
With known telephoto lenses, when performing photography with increased
magnification, the focusing movement amount becomes extremely large. For
this reason, the mechanism for focusing must be quite large, which creates
the problem of a greater burden on a motor used for an auto focus drive.
Also, it is common to attach a filter glass to the object side of the first
lens group for the purpose of protecting the lens, which is made of glass
material that is easily scratched. This causes an increase in weight and
an increase in cost.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an objective of the present invention to provide an internal focusing
type telephoto lens with a small effective aperture of the focusing lens
group and a small focusing movement amount while maintaining superior
optical performance. Furthermore, it is an objective of the invention to
provide an internal focusing type telephoto lens that does not require a
filter to be attached to the object side of a first lens group.
An internal focusing type lens embodying the invention includes, in the
order from the object side, a first lens group G1 which has a positive
refractive power, a second lens group G2 which has a negative refractive
power, and a third lens group G3 which has a positive refractive power.
The first lens group G1 and the second lens group G2 form a nearly afocal
system. Focusing is performed by moving the second lens group G2 along the
optical axis. The first lens group G1 has, at the extreme object side, a
negative meniscus lens L11 with a convex surface facing towards the object
side. When the focal length of the first lens group G1 is f1, the focal
length of the second lens group G2 is f2, the focal length of the third
lens group G3 is f3, the focal length of the entire lens group is F, the
refractive index of the said negative meniscus lens L11 is Na, the radius
of curvature of the surface of the object side of the said negative
meniscus lens L11 is Ra, the radius of curvature of the surface of the
image side of the negative meniscus lens L11 is Rb, and the Abbe number of
the said negative meniscus lens L11 is .sigma.a, then, an internal
focusing type telephoto lens embodying the invention satisfies the
following conditions:
0.7<.vertline.f1.times.f3/(f2.times.F).vertline.<1.3
0.05<.vertline.f2/f1<0.55
1.65<Na
30<.sigma.a<58
-1.0<(Rb-Ra)/(Rb+Ra)<-0.05
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first lens group G1
has, in order from the object side, a front lens group G11 with a positive
refractive power and a rear lens group G12 with a positive refractive
power. When the focal length of the front lens group G11 of the first lens
group G1 is f11, and the focal length of the rear lens group G12 of the
first lens group G1 is f12, then the following condition is preferably
satisfied.
0.2<f11/f12<2.5
As explained above, with an internal focusing type telephoto lens embodying
the present invention, superior image formation performance can be
maintained from the infinite telephoto state of focus to the maximum
short-range state of focus. At the same time, the focusing movement amount
as well as the effective aperture A of the focusing lens group can be kept
small. Furthermore, an internal focusing type telephoto lens embodying the
invention does not require the attachment of a filter to the object side
of the first lens group. In addition, with an internal focusing type
telephoto lens embodying the present invention, a superior image formation
performance can be maintained from the infinite telephoto state of focus
to the maximum short-range state of focus, even while vibration
compensation by decentering of the third lens group G3 in relation to the
optical axis is performed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Descriptions of preferred embodiments of the invention will be described in
conjunction with the following drawing figures, wherein like elements are
referred to with like reference numbers, and wherein:
FIG. 1 is a figure which shows the composition of an internal focusing type
telephoto lens of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 2A-2F show aberrations which occur in the infinite telephoto state of
focus of the first embodiment;
FIGS. 3A-3F show aberrations which occur in the maximum short-range state
of focus of the first embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a figure which shows the composition of an internal focusing type
telephoto lens of a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 5A-5E show aberrations which occur in the infinite telephoto state of
focus of the second embodiment;
FIGS. 6A-6E show aberrations which occur in the maximum short-range state
of focus of the second embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a figure which shows the composition of an internal focusing type
telephoto lens of a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 8A-8E show aberrations which occur in the infinite telephoto state of
focus of the third embodiment;
FIGS. 9A-9E show aberrations which occur in the maximum short-range state
of focus of the third embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a figure which shows the composition of an internal focusing
type telephoto lens of a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 11A-11E show aberrations which occur in the infinite telephoto state
of focus of the fourth embodiment;
FIGS. 12A-12E show aberrations which occur in the maximum short-range state
of focus of the fourth embodiment;
FIG. 13 is a figure which shows the composition of an internal focusing
type telephoto lens of a fifth embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 14A-14E show aberrations which occur in the infinite telephoto state
of focus of the fifth embodiment;
FIGS. 15A-15E show aberrations which occur in the maximum short-range state
of focus of the fifth embodiment;
FIG. 16 is a figure which shows the composition of an internal focusing
type telephoto lens of a sixth embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 17A-17E show aberrations which occur in the infinite telephoto state
of focus of the sixth embodiment;
FIGS. 18A-18E show aberrations which occur in the maximum short-range state
of focus of the sixth embodiment;
FIG. 19 is a figure which shows the composition of an internal focusing
type telephoto lens of a seventh embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 20A-20E show aberrations which occur in the infinite telephoto state
of focus of the seventh embodiment; and
FIGS. 21A-21E show aberrations which occur in the maximum short-range state
of focus of the seventh embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
A telephoto lens embodying the present invention may include three lens
groups G1, G2 and G3, which have positive, negative, and positive
refractive powers, respectively. The lens may perform focusing by
movement, in the direction of the optical axis, of the second lens group
G2 which has a negative refractive power. With this type of focusing
method, the second lens group G2 is moved along the optical axis so that
the focal point of the object side of the second lens group G2 is always
in the vicinity of the image of the photographic subject formed by the
first lens group G1. Accordingly, the light which enters the third lens
group G3 is always nearly parallel to the optical axis, and the image
formed by the entire optical system is always in a fixed position.
In order to reduce the movement amount (focusing movement amount) of the
second lens group G2, which is the focusing lens group, it is best to
reduce the movement amount of the image that is produced by the first lens
group G1 in relation to the movement amount of the object.
When the focal length of the first lens group G1 is f1, and the first lens
group G1 is a thin lens, and when the object length is a, and the image
length is b, then the relationship in formula (A) is satisfied.
1/a+1/b=1/f1 (A)
By transforming formula (A), the relationship shown in the following
formula (B) is achieved.
f1=a/(a/b+1) (B)
Next, the longitudinal magnification a is shown by the following formula
(C).
.alpha.=(-b/a).sup.2 =b.sup.2 /a.sup.2 (C)
By transforming formula (C), the relationship shown in the following
formula (D) is achieved.
b=a .alpha..sup.1/2 >0 (D)
At the time of focusing, when the object moves from a particular location,
the object length a changes. However, when focusing on a constant object
length a, in other words, when the object length a equals a constant, it
is best if the longitudinal magnification is reduced in order to reduce
the focusing movement amount of the second lens group G2. In other words,
it is best to reduce the movement amount of the image formed by the first
lens group G1 relative to the movement amount of the object.
Here, the formula (D) is substituted into formula (B), and the relationship
shown by the following formula (E) is achieved.
f1=a/(1/.alpha..sup.1/2 +1) (E)
In this way, through formula (E), it is understood that when the
longitudinal magnification is reduced, the focal length f1 is also
reduced. Accordingly, if the focal length f1 of the first lens group G1 is
reduced, then the focusing movement amount can be reduced.
In addition, when the focal length of the second lens group G2 is f2, by
considering the second lens group G2 to be a thin lens, the focal length
f3 of the third lens group G3 is constant due to the formation of a nearly
afocal system comprising the first lens group G1 and the second lens group
G2. The relationship is shown by the following formula.
f1/f2=constant (F)
Accordingly, through the formula (F), when the focal length f1 of the first
lens group G1 is reduced, the focal length f2 of the second lens group G2
is inevitably reduced. When the composite refractive power of the first
lens group G1 and the second lens group G2 is large, although this
contributes to shortening of the entire length of the lens, the aberration
of the entire optical system is made worse.
In a lens system embodying the present invention, based upon the above
considerations, the effective aperture of the second lens group G2, is
reduced along with the focusing movement amount, and the lens also
provides conditions whereby favorable optical performance (aberration
properties) can be obtained.
Hereafter, each of the conditional expressions of the present invention
will be explained.
With a telephoto lens of the present invention, the first lens group G1
has, at the extreme object side, a negative meniscus lens L11 having a
convex surface facing towards the object side. The telephoto lens
satisfies the following expressions.
0.7<.vertline.f1.times.f3/(f2.times.F).vertline.<1.3 (1)
0.05<.vertline.f2.vertline./f1<0.55 (2)
1.65<Na (3)
30<.sigma.a<58 (4)
-1.0<(Rb-Ra)/(Rb+Ra)<-0.05 (5)
In the above five formulas:
f1 is the focal length of the first lens group G1;
f2 is the focal length of the second lens group G2;
f3 is the focal length of the third lens group G3;
F is the focal length of the entire lens system;
Na is the refractive index of the negative meniscus lens L11;
Ra is the radius of curvature of the surface of the object side of the
negative meniscus lens L11;
Rb is the radius of curvature of the surface of the image side of the
negative meniscus lens L11; and
.sigma.a is the Abbe number of the negative meniscus lens L11.
The conditional expression (1) regulates the appropriate range for the
level of afocalness of the nearly afocal system formed of the first lens
group G1 and the second lens group G2. When departing from the range that
is regulated by the ceiling value and the floor value of the conditional
expression (1), the composite refractive power of the first lens group G1
and the second lens group G2 becomes stronger, and this is not desired
because the spherical aberration fluctuation which occurs due the short
range focusing increases.
The conditional expression (2) regulates the appropriate range for the
refractive powers of the first lens group G1 and the second lens group G2.
When exceeding the ceiling value of the conditional expression (2), the
effective aperture of the second lens group G2 increases, and this is not
desired because it is not in accordance with the objective of the present
invention.
Conversely, when falling below the floor value of the conditional
expression (2), the spherical aberration fluctuation which occurs due to
short range focusing increases, and this is not desired. Furthermore, the
lower coma aberration in regards to the g line (l=435.6 nm) becomes
excessive, and this is not desired.
Moreover, it is most desirable when the floor value of the conditional
expression (2) is 0.1 and the ceiling value is 0.45.
The conditional expressions (3), (4) and (5) are conditions which relate to
the negative meniscus lens L11, which is arranged at the extreme object
side of the first lens group G1.
When falling below the floor value of the conditional expression (3), the
curvature of the spherical aberration increases, and this is not desired.
Moreover, it is most desirable when the floor value of the conditional
expression (3) is 1.7.
When falling below the floor value of the conditional expression (4), the
secondary color aberration increases, and this is not desirable.
Conversely, when exceeding the ceiling value of the conditional expression
(4), the floor value of conditional expression (3) is exceeded with
current glass materials, and this is not desirable. Moreover, it is most
desirable when the floor value of the conditional expression (4) is 32 and
the ceiling value is 53.
When falling below the floor value of the conditional expression (5), the
lens L11 ceases to be a negative meniscus lens. On the other hand, when
exceeding the ceiling value of the conditional expression (5), the
negative refractive power of the negative meniscus lens L11 is too weak,
and the spherical aberration is very difficult to correct. Moreover, it is
most desirable when the floor value of the conditional expression (5) is
-0.8 and the ceiling value is -0.3.
In addition, with the present invention, in order to decrease the focusing
movement amount while obtaining a more favorable image formation
performance, it is best that the first lens group G1 have, in order from
the object side, a front lens group G11 with a positive refractive power
and a rear group G12 with a positive refractive power, and that the
following conditional expression (6) is satisfied.
0.2<f11/f12<2.5 (6)
In the expression (6):
f11 is the focal length of the front lens group G11 of the first lens group
G1; and
f12 is the focal length of the rear group G12 of the first lens group G1.
The conditional expression (6) is the condition which provides a balance
between shortening of the entire length of the optical system, and
favorable image formation performance. The expression (6) regulates the
appropriate range for the comparison of the refractive power of the front
lens group G11 and the refractive power of the rear lens group G12 of the
first lens group G1.
When exceeding the ceiling value of the conditional expression (6), the
entire length of the optical system becomes too big, and this is not
desirable. Conversely, when falling below the floor value of the
conditional expression (6), the spherical aberration fluctuation which
occurs due to short range focusing increases, and that is not desirable.
In addition, the lower coma aberration of the g line becomes excessive,
and this is not desirable.
Moreover, it is preferable that the floor value of the conditional
expression (6) is 0.3 and that the ceiling value is 2.0. Under these
conditions, the balance between the entire length of the optical system
and a favorable image formation performance is optimized.
Furthermore, with the present invention, in order to decrease the focusing
movement amount together with obtaining a more favorable image formation
performance, it is desirable to satisfy the following conditional
expression (7).
0.35<f1/F<0.80 (7)
The conditional expression (7) regulates the appropriate range for the
comparison of the focal length f1 of the first lens group G1 and the focal
length F of the entire lens system.
When exceeding the ceiling value of the conditional expression (7), the
focal length f1 of the first lens group G1 increases, and the focusing
movement amount also increases with the increasing of the entire length of
the optical system, and this is not desirable. Conversely, when falling
below the floor value of the conditional expression (7), the focal length
f1 of the first lens group G1 decreases. As a result, the spherical
aberration cannot be sufficiently corrected, even if the aperture ratio of
the first lens group G1 is decreased while maintaining the composition of
a minimal number of lenses. Under these conditions, it becomes difficult
to make it a high-speed optical system. At the same time, it becomes
necessary to increase the thickness of the positive lens composition, thus
increasing the weight of the optical system, and this is not desirable.
Moreover, it is most desirable when the floor value of the conditional
expression (7) is 0.4 and the ceiling is 0.7.
Furthermore, when the refractive power of the first lens group G1 is too
strong, the spherical aberration of the first lens group G1 itself becomes
too big, in the negative direction, and the aberrations of the entire
photographic optical system are made worse. Accordingly, in order to
obtain a favorable spherical aberration together with reducing the
focusing movement amount, it is desirable to satisfy the following
conditional expression (8).
0.2<.phi./f1<0.7 (8)
In the expression (8), .phi. is the effective aperture of the lens surface
of the object side of the front lens group G11 of the first lens group G1.
The conditional expression (8) regulates the comparison of the effective
aperture ratio of the lens surface of the object side of the front lens
group G11 of the first lens group G1, against the focal length f1 of the
first lens group G1.
When exceeding the ceiling value of the conditional expression (8), the
focal length f1 of the first lens group G1 decreases relative to the
effective aperture, and aberration correction becomes difficult because
the spherical aberration of the first lens group G1 becomes too large in
the negative direction. In addition, the spherical aberration of the
secondary color also increases. In order to correct these aberrations, the
composition of the first lens group G1 with a minimal number of lenses, as
with the present invention, becomes very difficult.
Conversely, when falling below the floor value of the conditional
expression (8), the focal length of the first lens group G1 increases, and
the focusing movement amount increases. As a result, the entire length of
the lens increases, and it violates the objective of the present
invention, as described above.
Moreover, it is most desirable when the floor value of the conditional
expression (8) is 0.23 and the ceiling value is 0.40.
In addition, in order for the strong refractive power of the first lens
group G1 to be distributed, it is arranged with a rear lens group G12
which has a positive lens composition at the image side of the front lens
group G11. The position of the rear lens group G12 in relation to the
front lens group G11, is arranged a certain distance from the front lens
group G11 so as to make the lens system of the rear lens group G12 as
small as possible. However, this is determined by the aperture ratio which
is carried by the first lens group G1. In this way, the aberrations which
are generated by the first lens group G1, especially the spherical
aberrations, can occur in the two positive lens groups of the first lens
group G1. Furthermore, each lens group has strong refractive power, and
they can suppress the curvature of the spherical aberration which is
generated at the time when the correction of such spherical aberration is
performed.
Accordingly, in regards to the curvature of the spherical aberration, it is
desirable that the composite refractive power of the rear lens group G12
of the first lens group G1, the second lens group G2, and the third lens
group G3, be positive.
Furthermore, to obtain more favorable aberration properties and especially
from the perspective of correcting chromatic aberration, it is desirable
that the front lens group G11 be, in order from the object side, a
negative meniscus lens having a convex surface that faces towards the
object side cemented to a positive lens. In addition, it is desirable that
the rear lens group G12 be, in order from the object side, a negative
meniscus lens having a convex surface that faces towards the object side
cemented to a positive meniscus lens having a convex surface faces towards
the object side. In this way, correction of the chromatic aberration of
the magnification, as well as the color aberration on the axis, can be
performed at the same time that the spherical aberration which occurs in
the first lens group G1 is corrected.
Furthermore, with a telephoto lens of the present invention, it is possible
to displace the image formation position by decentering the third lens
group G3 relative to the optical axis. In particular, the lens may be
equipped with a blur detection device which detects shaking of the optical
system that is caused by hand or other vibrations. The lens may further be
equipped with a drive device which drives decentering of the third lens
group G3 in relation to the optical axis to perform vibration
compensation. Such a system would include a calculation device which
processes an output signal from the blur detection device and converts it
to a signal used to drive the decentering of the third lens group G3 in
relation to the optical axis.
An explanation of preferred embodiments of the present invention will be
explained hereafter based on FIGS. 1-21. In each embodiment, the internal
focusing type telephoto lens of the present invention includes, in order
from the object side, a first lens group G1 which has a positive
refractive power, a second lens group G2 which has a negative refractive
power, and a third lens group G3 which has a positive refractive power. In
addition, a nearly afocal system is formed by the first lens group G1 and
the second lens group G2. The second lens group G2 moves along the optical
axis to focus the lens on an infinite distance telephoto object or a
short-range telephoto object.
Furthermore, in some embodiments, the first lens group G1 includes, in
order from the object side, a front lens group G11, which is made from a
positive lens cemented to a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface
that faces towards the object side, and a rear lens group G12, which is
made from a positive lens cemented to a negative meniscus lens having a
convex surface that faces towards the object side.
The First Embodiment
FIG. 1 is a figure which shows the composition of a first internal focusing
type telephoto lens embodying the invention. The internal focusing type
telephoto lens of FIG. 1 comprises, in the order from the object side, a
front lens group G11 of a first lens group G1, which is made from a
positive meniscus lens having a convex surface that faces towards the
object side cemented to a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface
that faces towards the object side; and a rear lens group G12 of the first
lens group G1, which is made from a positive meniscus lens having a convex
surface that faces towards the object side cemented to a negative meniscus
lens having a convex surface that faces towards the object side. The
telephoto lens further comprises a second lens group G2 which is made from
a first positive double concave lens cemented to a double convex lens
which is cemented to a second double concave lens. The telephoto lens also
includes a third lens group G3, which is made from a double convex lens, a
negative meniscus lens having a convex surface that faces towards the
image side, and a positive meniscus lens having a concave surface that
faces towards the object side. The telephoto lens further comprises an
aperture stop S1 and a field stop S2.
FIG. 1 shows the position of each lens group as they occur in the infinite
telephoto state of focus. To focus the lens on a short-range object, the
second lens group G2 is moved toward the image side, as indicated by arrow
F.
In addition, by moving the third lens group G3 appropriately in a direction
substantially orthogonal to the optical axis, as shown by arrow B,
fluctuations of the image position which are caused by vibrations can be
corrected.
In a blur correction device suitable for use with this embodiment, shaking
of the optical system caused by vibrations is detected by a blur detection
device 1. A calculation device 2 processes a signal output from the blur
detection device 1, and converts it to a drive signal used to drive
decentering of the third lens group G3 relative to the optical axis. The
drive device 3 drives the decentering of the third lens group G3 relative
to the optical axis based upon a signal from the calculation device 2.
In Table 1 below, values of certain parameters of the first embodiment of
the present invention are given. In Table 1, F indicates the focal length
of the entire lens system; F No indicates the F number; .beta. indicates
the photographic magnification; Bf indicates the back-focus; and DO
indicates the distance from the object to the first lens surface (object
distance). In addition, the numbers at the left end indicate the order of
each lens surface from the object side; r indicates the radius of
curvature of each lens surface; d indicates the spacing for each lens
surface; and n and .sigma. indicate the refractive index against the d
line (l=587.6 nm), as well as the Abbe number.
TABLE 1
______________________________________
F = 294.0
F NO = 4.08
r d .upsilon.
n
______________________________________
1 102.6704 4.0000 40.90 1.796310
2 77.3892 11.0000 82.52 1.497820
3 865.8373 65.6000
4 54.8552 2.9000 40.90 1.796310
5 37.7430 12.7000 82.52 1.497820
6 759.9060 d6 = variable
7 -126.4606 2.0000 45.37 1.796681
8 85.4096 2.0000
9 6541.5971 6.0000 33.89 1.803840
10 -31.9679 2.0000 60.03 1.640000
11 63.7048 d11 = variable
12 .infin. 1.5000
13 333.3759 4.5000 70.41 1.487490
14 -103.0580 3.0000
15 -33.1342 3.0000 28.56 1.795040
16 -45.9060 2.9000
17 -171.2558 5.0000 70.41 1.487490
18 -42.4103 3.0000
19 .infin. Bf
______________________________________
(Variable spacing which occurs at the time of focusing)
Infinite Short-range
______________________________________
F, .beta. 294.00000 -0.13698
D0 0.00000 2216.9133
d6 29.37081 36.64968
d11 12.24393 4.96507
Bf 110.37196 110.37196
______________________________________
(Values Corresponding to the Conditions)
______________________________________
(1) .vertline.f1 .multidot. f3/(f2 .multidot. F).vertline. = 1.0
(2) .vertline.f2.vertline./f1 = 0.38
(3) Na = 1.80
(4) .upsilon.a = 40.9
(5) (Rb - Ra)/(Rb + Ra) = -0.14
(6) f11/f12 = 1.81
(7) f1/F = 0.425
(8) .PHI./f1 = 0.246
______________________________________
(Vibration Compensation data)
Infinite telephoto
Maximum short-range
state state
______________________________________
Displacement amount
1.0 mm (maximum)
1.0 mm (maximum)
of the third lens
group G3
Movement amount of
+1.0 mm (maximum)
+1.0 mm (maximum)
corresponding image
______________________________________
The positive sign of the image movement amount indicates that the movement
of the image is in the same direction as the displacement direction of the
third lens group G3, which is the anti-vibration lens group.
Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the effective aperture F2 of the
second lens group G2 is 29.7, and it can be understood that the effective
aperture F2 of the focusing lens group is small.
In addition, when the distance from the object to the image plane is R, and
the movement amount of the second lens group G2 at the time of focusing
from an infinite telephoto state (R=.infin.) to the maximum short-range
state (R=2500), is 7.28, it can be understood that the focusing movement
amount is small.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the composite refractive power of
the first lens group G1, the second lens group G2 and the third lens group
G3 is positive.
FIGS. 2A-2F and 3A-3F show aberrations which occur in the infinite
telephoto state of focus and the maximum short-range state of focus,
respectively. In these figures, F NO identifies the F number, Y identifies
the image height, NA identifies the numerical apertures, d identifies the
d line (l=587.6 nm), and C identifies the C line (l=656.3 nm).
In the aberrational figures that show the astigmatic aberrations, the solid
lines show the sagittal image plane and the broken lines show the
meridional image plane. In the aberrational figures that show the lateral
chromatic aberration, the d line is used as a standard.
The aberrational figures that show the coma aberration with vibration
compensation show the aberrations when the displacement amount of the
third lens group G3 is 1 mm (maximum).
As can be seen from each of the aberrational figures, in the present
embodiment, all aberrations are favorably corrected, even when vibration
compensation is performed, from the infinite telephoto state of focus to
the maximum short-range state of focus. Also, the displacement amount of
the vibration compensation lens group G3 may also be above 1 mm or below 1
mm.
Embodiment 2
FIG. 4 shows the composition of a second internal focusing type telephoto
lens embodying the invention.
The internal focusing type telephoto lens of FIG. 4 includes, in order from
the object side, a front lens group G11 of a first lens group G1, which is
made from a positive meniscus lens having a convex surface that faces
towards the object side cemented to a negative meniscus lens having a
convex surface that faces towards the object side; and a rear lens group
G12 of the first lens group G1, which is made from a positive meniscus
lens having a convex surface that faces towards the object side cemented
to a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface that faces towards the
object side. The telephoto lens also includes a second lens group G2,
which is made from a first negative double concave lens, a positive
meniscus lens, having a convex surface that faces towards the image side
and a second double concave lens. The telephoto lens includes a third lens
group G3, which is made from a positive double convex lens cemented to a
negative meniscus lens having a convex surface that faces towards the
image side. The telephoto lens further includes an aperture stop S1.
FIG. 4 shows the position of each lens group as they occur in the infinite
telephoto state of focus. To focus on a short-range object, the second
lens group G2 is moved toward the image side, as shown by arrow F.
In Table 2, values are given for certain parameters of the second
embodiment of the present invention. In Table 2, F indicates the focal
length of the entire lens system; F NO indicates the F number; .beta.
indicates the photographic magnification; Bf indicates the back-focus; and
DO indicates the distance from the object to the first lens surface
(object distance). In addition, the numbers at the left end indicate the
order of each lens surface from the object side; r indicates the radius of
curvature of each lens surface; d indicates the spacing for each lens
surface; and n and .sigma. indicate the refractive index against the d
line (l=587.6 nm), as well as the Abbe number.
TABLE 2
______________________________________
F = 294.0
F NO = 4.08
r d .upsilon.
n
______________________________________
1 101.7809 4.0000 40.90 1.796310
2 76.9969 11.0000 82.52 1.497820
3 648.8858 65.6000
4 52.3582 2.9000 40.90 1.796310
5 36.4283 12.7000 82.52 1.497820
6 490.6807 d6 = variable
7 -169.6578 2.0000 45.37 1.796681
8 159.2144 2.0000
9 -369.6737 6.0000 33.89 1.803840
10 -34.8865 2.0000 60.03 1.640000
11 48.7079 d11 = variable
12 .infin. 1.5000
13 91.5020 5.5000 70.41 1.487490
14 -66.3533 3.0000 28.56 1.795040
15 -95.3198 Bf
______________________________________
(Variable spacing which occurs at the time of focusing)
Infinite Short-range
______________________________________
F, .beta. 294.00000 -0.13601
D0 0.00000 2230.9761
d6 28.67945 35.90653
d11 11.92087 4.69379
Bf 109.3912 109.3912
______________________________________
(Values Corresponding to the Conditions)
______________________________________
(1) .vertline.f1 .multidot. f3/(f2 .multidot. F).vertline. = 1.0
(2) .vertline.f2.vertline./f1 = 0.38
(3) Na = 1.80
(4) .upsilon.a = 40.9
(5) (Rb - Ra)/(Rb + Ra) = -0.14
(6) f11/f12 = 1.92
(7) f1/F = 0.425
(8) .PHI./f1 = 0.246
______________________________________
Furthermore, with the present embodiment, the effective aperture F2 of the
second lens group G2 is 30.5, and it can be understood that the effective
aperture F2 of the focusing lens group is small.
In addition, when the distance from the object to the image plane is R, and
the movement amount of the second lens group G2 at the time of focusing
from an infinite telephoto state (R=.infin.) to the maximum short-range
state (R=2500), is 7.21, it can be understood that the focusing movement
amount is small.
FIGS. 5A-5E and 6A-6E show aberrations which occur in the infinite
telephoto state of focus and the maximum short-range state of focus,
respectively. In each aberrational figure, F NO identifies the F number, Y
identifies the image height, NA identifies the numerical apertures, d
identifies the d line (l=587.6 nm), C identifies the C line (l=656.3 nm),
F identifies the F line (l=486.1 nm), and g identifies the g line (l=435.6
nm).
In the aberrational figures that show the astigmatic aberrations, the solid
lines show the sagittal image plane and the broken lines show the
meridional image plane. In the aberrational figures that show the lateral
chromatic aberration, the d line is used as a standard.
As can be seen from each of the aberrational figures, in the second
embodiment, all aberrations occurring from the infinite telephoto state of
focus to the maximum short-range state of focus are favorably corrected.
Embodiment 3
FIG. 7 shows the composition of a third internal focusing type telephoto
lens embodying the invention.
The internal focusing type telephoto lens of FIG. 7 includes, in order from
the object side, a front lens group G11, of a first lens group G1, which
is made from a positive meniscus lens having a convex surface that faces
towards the object side cemented to a negative meniscus lens having a
convex surface that faces towards the object side; and a rear lens group
G12 of the first lens group G1, which is made from a positive meniscus
lens having a convex surface that faces towards the object side cemented
to a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface that faces towards the
object side. The telephoto lens further includes a second lens group G2,
which is made from a negative double concave lens, a first positive
meniscus lens having a convex surface that faces towards the image side
and a second double concave lens. The telephoto lens also includes a third
lens group G3, which is made from a positive double convex lens cemented
to a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface that faces towards the
image side. The telephoto lens also includes an aperture stop S1.
FIG. 7 shows the position of each lens group as they occur in the infinite
telephoto state of focus. To focus the telephoto lens on a short-range
object, the second lens group G2 is moved towards the image side, as
indicated by arrow F.
Table 3 shows values for certain parameters of the third embodiment. In
Table 3, F indicates the focal length of the entire lens system; F NO
indicates the F number; .beta. indicates the photographic magnification;
Bf indicates the back-focus; and DO indicates the distance from the object
to the first lens surface (object distance). In addition, the numbers at
the left end indicate the order of each lens surface from the object side;
r indicates the radius of curvature of each lens surface; d indicates the
spacing for each lens surface; and n and .sigma. indicate the refractive
index against the d line (l=587.6 nm), as well as the Abbe number.
TABLE 3
______________________________________
F = 294.0
F NO = 4.08
r d .upsilon.
n
______________________________________
1 73.5675 4.0000 33.89 1.803840
2 59.0723 13.0000 82.52 1.497820
3 508.0487 10.0000
4 64.4312 2.9000 52.30 1.748099
5 38.5074 14.0000 82.52 1.497820
6 236.3015 d6 = variable
7 -152.5242 2.0000 45.37 1.796681
8 283.7047 2.0000
9 -249.8765 5.0000 33.89 1.803840
10 -33.0617 2.0000 60.03 1.640000
11 45.4503 d11 = variable
12 .infin. 1.5000
13 87.2972 5.5000 70.41 1.487490
14 -60.9313 3.0000 28.56 1.795040
15 -93.6122 Bf
______________________________________
(Variable spacing which occurs at the time of focusing)
Infinite Short-range
______________________________________
F, .beta. 294.04934 -0.13601
D0 0.00000 2230.9761
d6 43.54196 50.76904
d11 12.57349 5.34641
Bf 109.5735 109.5735
______________________________________
(Values Corresponding to the Conditions)
______________________________________
(1) .vertline.f1 .multidot. f3/(f2 .multidot. F).vertline. = 1.0
(2) .vertline.f2.vertline./f1 = 0.38
(3) Na = 1.80
(4) .upsilon.a = 33.9
(5) (Rb - Ra)/(Rb + Ra) = -0.11
(6) f11/f12 = 0.66
(7) f1/F = 0.425
(8) .PHI./f1 = 0.246
______________________________________
In the third embodiment, the effective aperture F2 of the second lens group
G2 is 30.6, and it can be understood that the effective aperture F2 of the
focusing lens group is small.
In addition, when the distance from the object to the image plane is R, and
the movement amount of the second lens group G2 at the time of focusing
from an infinite telephoto state (R=.infin.) to the maximum short-range
state (R=2500), is 6.19, it can be understood that the focusing movement
amount is small.
FIGS. 8A-8E and 9A-9E show the aberrations which occur in the infinite
telephoto state of focus and the maximum short-range state of focus,
respectively. In the aberrational figures, F NO identifies the F number, Y
identifies the image height, NA identifies the numerical apertures, d
identifies the d line (l=587.6 nm), C identifies the C line (l=656.3 nm),
F identifies the F line (l=486.1 nm), and g identifies the g line (l=435.6
nm).
Moreover, in the aberrational figures that show the astigmatic aberration,
the solid lines show the sagittal image plane and the broken lines show
the meridional image plane. In the aberrational figures that show the
lateral chromatic aberration, the d line is used as a standard.
As can be seen from each of the aberrational figures, in the third
embodiment, all aberrations occurring from the infinite telephoto state of
focus to the maximum short-range state of focus are favorably corrected.
Embodiment 4
FIG. 10 shows the composition of a fourth internal focusing type telephoto
lens embodying the invention.
The internal focusing type telephoto lens of FIG. 10 includes, in order
from the object side, a front lens group G11, of a first lens group G1,
which is made from a positive meniscus lens having a convex surface that
faces towards the object side cemented to a negative meniscus lens having
a convex surface that faces towards the object side; and a rear lens group
G12, of the first lens group G1, which is made from a positive meniscus
lens having a convex surface that faces towards the object side cemented
to a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface that faces towards the
object side. The telephoto lens further includes a second lens group G2,
which is made from a positive meniscus lens having a concave surface that
faces towards the object side and a double concave lens. The telephoto
lens further includes a third lens group G3, which is made from a positive
double convex lens cemented to a negative meniscus lens having a concave
surface that faces towards the object side. The telephoto lens also
includes an aperture stop S1.
FIG. 10 shows the position of each lens group as they occur in the infinite
telephoto state of focus. To focus the lens system on a short-range
object, the second lens group G2 is moved toward the image side, as shown
by arrow F.
Table 4 shows the values for certain parameters of the fourth embodiment.
In Table 4, F indicates the focal length of the entire lens system; F NO
indicates the F number; .beta. indicates the photographic magnification;
Bf indicates the back-focus; and DO indicates the distance from the object
to the first lens surface (object distance). In addition, the numbers at
the left end indicate the order of each lens surface from the object side;
r indicates the radius of curvature of each lens surface; d indicates the
spacing for each lens surface; and n and .sigma. indicate the refractive
index against the d line (l=587.6 nm), as well as the Abbe number.
TABLE 4
______________________________________
F = 392.0
F NO = 5.6
r d .upsilon.
n
______________________________________
1 174.8065 4.0000 40.90 1.796310
2 130.7975 8.0000 82.52 1.497820
3 -1326.9075
65.6000
4 68.3567 2.9000 45.37 1.796681
5 49.2108 8.0000 82.52 1.497820
6 105.2777 d6 = variable
7 -81.8722 4.0000 27.83 1.699110
8 -63.2821 8.6000
9 -67.0852 3.0000 65.77 1.464500
10 95.7616 d10 = variable
11 .infin. 2.0000
12 235.1209 5.0000 69.98 1.518601
13 -62.7891 3.9000 49.45 1.772789
14 -96.5075 Bf
______________________________________
(Variable spacing which occurs at the time of focusing)
Infinite Short-range
______________________________________
F, .beta. 392.00000 -0.11653
D0 0.00000 3620.4208
d6 76.26197 97.50104
d10 26.42190 5.18283
Bf 161.5928 169.5928
______________________________________
(Corresponding Values to the Conditions)
______________________________________
(1) .vertline.f1 .multidot. f3/(f2 .multidot. F).vertline. = 1.0
(2) .vertline.f2.vertline./f1 = 0.41
(3) Na = 1.80
(4) .upsilon.a = 40.9
(5) (Rb - Ra)/(Rb + Ra) = -0.14
(6) f11/f12 = 0.451
(7) f1/F = 0.682
(8) .PHI./f1 = 0.270
______________________________________
In this embodiment, the effective aperture F2 of the second lens group G2
is 33.0, and it can be understood that the effective aperture F2 of the
focusing lens group is small.
In addition, when the distance from the object to the image plane is R, and
the movement amount of the second lens group G2 at the time of focusing
from an infinite telephoto state (R=.infin.) to the maximum short-range
state (R=4000), is 21.24, it can be understood that the focusing movement
amount is small.
FIGS. 11A-11E and 12A-12E show aberrations which occur in the infinite
telephoto state of focus and the maximum short-range state of focus,
respectively. In the aberrational figures, F NO identifies the F number, Y
identifies the image height, NA identifies the numerical apertures, d
identifies the d line (l=587.6 nm), C identifies the C line (l=656.3 nm),
F identifies the F line (l=486.1 nm), and g identifies the g line (l=435.6
nm).
In the aberrational figures that show the astigmatic aberrations, the solid
lines show the sagittal image plane and the broken lines show the
meridional image plane. In the aberrational figures that show the lateral
chromatic aberration, the d line is used as a standard.
As can be seen from each of the aberrational figures, in the fourth
embodiment, all aberrations occurring from the infinite telephoto state of
focus to the maximum short-range state of focus are favorably corrected.
Embodiment 5
FIG. 13 shows the composition of a fifth internal focusing type telephoto
lens embodying the invention.
The internal focusing type telephoto lens of FIG. 13 includes, in order
from the object side, a front lens group G11, of a first lens group G1,
which is made from a positive meniscus lens having convex surface that
faces towards the object side cemented to a negative meniscus lens having
a convex surface that faces towards the object side; and a rear lens group
G12 of the first lens group G1, which is made from a positive meniscus
lens having a convex surface that faces towards the object side cemented
to a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface that faces towards the
object side. The telephoto lens also includes a second lens group G2,
which is made from a positive meniscus lens having a concave surface that
faces towards the object side and a double concave lens. The telephoto
lens further includes a third lens group G3 which is made from a double
convex lens.
FIG. 13 shows the position of each lens group as they occur in the infinite
telephoto state of focus. To focus the lens system on a short-range
object, the second lens group G2 is moved to the image side, as shown by
arrow F.
Table 5 shows values for certain parameters of the fifth embodiment. In
Table 5, F indicates the focal length of the entire lens system; F NO
indicates the F number; .beta. indicates the photographic magnification;
Bf indicates the back-focus; and DO indicates the distance from the object
to the first lens surface (object distance). In addition, the numbers at
the left end indicate the order of each lens surface from the object side;
r indicates the radius of curvature of each lens surface; d indicates the
spacing for each lens surface; and n and .sigma. indicate the refractive
index against the d line (l=587.6 nm), as well as the Abbe number.
TABLE 5
______________________________________
F = 392.0
F NO = 5.6
r d .upsilon.
n
______________________________________
1 146.3844 4.0000 40.90 1.796310
2 117.9741 8.0000 82.52 1.497820
3 4017.8299 55.0000
4 82.2963 2.9000 40.90 1.796310
5 55.4783 8.0000 69.98 1.518601
6 131.2989 d6 = variable
7 .infin. 3.0000
8 -76.3192 3.3000 23.01 1.860741
9 -65.6282 9.9000
10 -80.1658 2.4000 64.10 1.516800
11 76.8116 d11 = variable
12 129.3711 4.0000 82.52 1.497820
13 -129.4865 Bf
______________________________________
(Variable spacing which occurs at the time of focusing)
Infinite Short-range
______________________________________
F, .beta. 392.00000 -0.11618
D0 0.00000 3638.4372
d6 100.89400 122.49994
d11 25.11067 3.50473
Bf 129.3239 129.3239
______________________________________
(Corresponding Values to the Conditions)
______________________________________
(1) .vertline.f1 .multidot. f3/(f2 .multidot. F).vertline. = 1.0
(2) .vertline.f2.vertline./f1 = 0.33
(3) Na = 1.80
(4) .upsilon.a = 40.9
(5) (Rb - Ra)/(Rb + Ra) = -0.11
(6) f11/f12 = 0.340
(7) f1/F = 0.689
(8) .PHI./f1 = 0.259
______________________________________
In the fifth embodiment, the effective aperture F2 of the second lens group
G2 is 27.1, and it can be understood that the effective aperture F2 of the
focusing lens group is small.
In addition, when the distance from the object to the image plane is R, and
the movement amount of the second lens group G2 at the time of focusing
from an infinite telephoto state (R=.infin.) to the maximum short-range
state (R=4000), is 21.61, it can be understood that the focusing movement
amount is small.
FIGS. 14A-14E and 15A-15E show aberrations which occur in the infinite
telephoto state of focus and the maximum short-range state of focus,
respectively. In the aberrational figures, F NO identifies the F number, Y
identifies the image height, NA identifies the numerical apertures, d
identifies the d line (l=587.6 nm), C identifies the C line (l=656.3 nm),
F identifies the F line (l=486.1 nm), and g identifies the g line (l=435.6
nm).
Moreover, in the aberrational figures that show the astigmatic aberration,
the solid lines show the sagittal image plane and the broken lines show
the meridional image plane. In the aberrational figures that show the
lateral chromatic aberration, the d line is used as a standard.
As can be seen from each of the aberrational figures, in the fifth
embodiment, all aberrations occurring from the infinite telephoto state of
focus to the maximum short-range state of focus are favorably corrected.
Embodiment 6
FIG. 16 is a figure which shows the composition of a sixth internal
focusing type telephoto lens embodying the invention.
The internal focusing type telephoto lens of FIG. 16 includes, in order
from the object side, a front lens group G11, of a first lens group G1,
which is made from a positive meniscus lens having a convex surface that
faces towards the object side cemented to a double convex lens; and a rear
lens group G12, of the first lens group G1, which is made from a positive
meniscus lens having a convex surface that faces towards the object side
cemented to a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface that faces
towards the object side. The telephoto lens also includes a second lens
group G2, which is made from a positive meniscus lens having a concave
surface that faces towards the object side and a double concave lens. The
telephoto lens further includes an aperture stop S1 and a third lens group
G3, which is made from a double convex lens.
FIG. 16 shows the position of each lens group as they occur in the infinite
telephoto state of focus. To focus the lens system on a short-range
object, the second lens group G2 is moved to the image side, as shown by
arrow F.
Table 5 shows the value for certain parameters of the fifth embodiment. In
Table 5, F indicates the focal length of the entire lens system; F NO
indicates the F number; .beta. indicates the photographic magnification;
Bf indicates the back-focus; and DO indicates the distance from the object
to the first lens surface (object distance). In addition, the numbers at
the left end indicate the order of each lens surface from the object side;
r indicates the radius of curvature of each lens surface; d indicates the
spacing for each lens surface; and n and .sigma. indicate the refractive
index against the d line (l=587.6 nm), as well as the Abbe number.
TABLE 6
______________________________________
F = 392.0
F NO = 4.08
r d .upsilon.
n
______________________________________
1 179.9097 4.0000 45.37 1.796681
2 124.3145 14.0000 82.52 1.497820
3 -1110.6798
91.9000
4 78.2074 2.9000 40.90 1.796310
5 57.4916 13.0000 82.52 1.497820
6 132.1039 d6 = variable
7 -131.3538 5.0000 27.83 1.699110
8 -59.0345 3.0000 48.97 1.531721
9 -82.1713 d9 = variable
10 .infin. 2.0000
11 201.6050 5.0000 82.52 1.497820
12 -133.4782 Bf
______________________________________
(Variable spacing which occurs at the time of focusing)
Infinite Short-range
______________________________________
F, .beta. 392.00000 -0.11633
D0 0.00000 3626.5595
d6 66.53923 87.74327
d9 24.72125 3.51721
Bf 160.7871 160.7871
______________________________________
(Corresponding Values to the Conditions)
______________________________________
(1) .vertline.f1 .multidot. f3/(f2 .multidot. F).vertline. = 1.0
(2) .vertline.f2.vertline./f1 = 0.41
(3) Na = 1.80
(4) .upsilon.a = 45.4
(5) (Rb - Ra)/(Rb + Ra) = -0.18
(6) f11/f12 = 0.618
(7) f1/F = 0.682
(8) .PHI./f1 = 0.360
______________________________________
In the sixth embodiment, the effective aperture F2 of the second lens group
G2 is 41.7, and it can be understood that the effective aperture F2 of the
focusing lens group is small.
In addition, when the distance from the object to the image plane is R, and
the movement amount of the second lens group G2 at the time of focusing
from an infinite telephoto state (R=.infin.) to the maximum short-range
state (R=4000), is 21.20, it can be understood that the focusing movement
amount is small.
FIGS. 17A-17E and 18A-18E show aberrations which occur in the infinite
telephoto state of focus and the maximum short-range state of focus,
respectively. In the aberrational figures, F NO identifies the F number, Y
identifies the image height, NA identifies the numerical apertures, d
identifies the d line (l=587.6 nm), C identifies the C line (l=656.3 nm),
F identifies the F line (l=486.1 nm), and g identifies the g line (l=435.6
nm).
Moreover, in the aberrational figures that show the astigmatic aberrations,
the solid lines show the sagittal image plane and the broken lines show
the meridional image plane. In the aberrational figures that show the
lateral chromatic aberration, the d line is used as a standard.
As can be seen from each of the aberrational figures, in the sixth
embodiment, all aberrations occurring from the infinite telephoto state of
focus to the maximum short-range state of focus are favorably corrected.
Embodiment 7
FIG. 19 shows the composition of a seventh internal focusing type telephoto
lens embodying the invention.
The internal focusing type telephoto lens of FIG. 19 includes, in order
from the object side, a front lens group G11, of a first lens group G1,
which is made from a positive meniscus lens having a convex surface that
faces towards the object side cemented to a double convex lens; and a rear
lens group G12, of the first lens group G1, which is made from a positive
meniscus lens having a convex surface that faces towards the object side
cemented to a positive meniscus lens having a convex surface that faces
towards the object side. The telephoto lens also includes a second lens
group G2, which is made from a positive meniscus lens having a concave
surface that faces towards the object side and a double concave lens. The
telephoto lens further includes an aperture stop S1, and a third lens
group G3, which is made from a double convex lens.
FIG. 19 shows the position of each lens group as they occur in the infinite
telephoto state of focus. To focus the telephoto lens on a short-range
object, the second lens group G2 is moved towards the image side, as shown
by arrow F.
Table 7 shows the values of certain parameters of the seventh embodiment.
In Table 7, F indicates the focal length of the entire lens system; F NO
indicates the F number; .beta. indicates the photographic magnification;
Bf indicates the back-focus; and DO indicates the distance from the object
to the first lens surface (object distance). In addition, the numbers at
the left end indicate the order of each lens surface from the object side;
r indicates the radius of curvature of each lens surface; d indicates the
spacing for each lens surface; and n and .sigma. indicate the refractive
index against the d line (l=587.6 nm), as well as the Abbe number.
TABLE 7
______________________________________
F = 392.0
F NO = 5.6
r d .upsilon.
n
______________________________________
1 127.9976 4.0000 52.30 1.748099
2 91.0722 9.0000 82.52 1.497820
3 -43479.0070 44.8000
4 84.5144 2.9000 40.90 1.796310
5 57.3091 8.0000 69.98 1.518601
6 120.9867 d6 = variable
7 -114.1307 5.0000 23.01 1.860741
8 -94.8176 1.2000
9 -141.5534 3.6000 64.10 1.516800
10 97.7157 d10 = variable
11 .infin. 2.0000
12 201.8588 5.0000 82.52 1.497820
13 -187.3094 Bf
______________________________________
(Variable spacing which occurs at the time of focusing)
Infinite Short-range
______________________________________
F, .beta. 392.00000 -0.11699
D0 0.00000 3618.8632
d6 70.48853 92.24475
d10 26.16397 4.40775
Bf 194.3864 194.3864
______________________________________
(Corresponding Values to the Conditions)
______________________________________
(1) .vertline.f1 .multidot. f3/(f2 .multidot. F).vertline. = 1.0
(2) .vertline.f2.vertline./f1 = 0.14
(3) Na = 1.75
(4) .upsilon.a = 52.3
(5) (Rb - Ra)/(Rb + Ra) = -0.17
(6) f11/f12 = 0.116
(7) f1/F = 0.689
(8) .PHI./f1 = 0.259
______________________________________
In the seventh embodiment, the effective aperture F2 of the second lens
group G2 is 36.5, and it can be understood that the effective aperture F2
of the focusing lens group is small.
In addition, when the distance from the object to the image plane is R, and
the movement amount of the second lens group G2 at the time of focusing
from an infinite telephoto state (R=.infin.) to the maximum short-range
state (R=4000), is 21.76, it can be understood that the focusing movement
amount is small.
FIGS. 20A-20E and 21A-21E show aberrations which occur in the infinite
telephoto state of focus, and the maximum short-range state of focus,
respectively. In the aberrational figures, F NO identifies the F number, Y
identifies the image height, NA identifies the numerical apertures, d
identifies the d line (l=587.6 nm), C identifies the C line (l=656.3 nm),
F identifies the F line (l=486.1 nm), and g identifies the g line (l=435.6
nm).
Moreover, in the aberrational figures that show the astigmatic aberration,
the solid lines show the sagittal image plane and the broken lines show
the meridional image plane. In the aberrational figures that show the
lateral chromatic aberration, the d line is used as a standard.
As can be seen from each of the aberrational figures, in the seventh
embodiment, all aberrations occurring from the infinite telephoto state of
focus to the maximum short-range state of focus are favorably corrected.
Although this invention is described in conjunction with specific
embodiments thereof, many alternatives, modifications and variations will
be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the preferred
embodiments of the invention as set forth above are intended to be
illustrative, not limiting. Various changes to the invention may be made
without departing from its true spirit and scope as defined in the
following claims.
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