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United States Patent |
5,757,113
|
Binder
,   et al.
|
May 26, 1998
|
Medium/high voltage incandescent lamp and reflector combination
Abstract
A reflector incandescent lamp for high-voltage operation has substantially
xially parallel radiant body sections and a reflector, whose facets are
formed by approximately axially parallel cylindrical segments.
Inventors:
|
Binder; Ulrich (Munich, DE);
Kiesel; Rolf (Aalen, DE)
|
Assignee:
|
Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft fur elektrische Gluehlampen mbH (Munich, DE)
|
Appl. No.:
|
727610 |
Filed:
|
October 17, 1996 |
PCT Filed:
|
April 7, 1995
|
PCT NO:
|
PCT/DE95/00474
|
371 Date:
|
October 17, 1996
|
102(e) Date:
|
October 17, 1996
|
PCT PUB.NO.:
|
WO95/28599 |
PCT PUB. Date:
|
October 26, 1995 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
| Apr 19, 1994[DE] | 44 13 370.7 |
Current U.S. Class: |
313/114; 313/113; 313/115 |
Intern'l Class: |
F21V 007/00 |
Field of Search: |
313/113,114,111,110,115
|
References Cited
U.S. Patent Documents
4021659 | May., 1977 | Wiley.
| |
4833576 | May., 1989 | Mers et al. | 313/113.
|
4870318 | Sep., 1989 | Csanyi et al. | 313/113.
|
5146134 | Sep., 1992 | Stadler et al.
| |
5160199 | Nov., 1992 | Berti | 313/113.
|
5272408 | Dec., 1993 | Levin et al.
| |
5367219 | Nov., 1994 | Friederichs | 313/113.
|
Foreign Patent Documents |
WO-A-92/17733 | Apr., 1991 | WO.
| |
Primary Examiner: Biegel; Ronald L.
Assistant Examiner: Noori; Max H.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Frishauf, Holtz, Goodman, Langer & Chick, P.C.
Claims
We claim:
1. A reflector-incandescent lamp combination, comprising
a reflector (3) defining a reflector axis (A) and a lamp (2), said lamp
having a radiant body (7) oriented in a plane substantially axially or
axially parallel to the reflector,
said reflector (3) having a reflective surface which is formed
substantially of trapezoid-like facets (6),
wherein the majority of the facets comprise convexly curved cylindrical
surfaces with an associated axis of symmetry, each axis of symmetry being
located in a plane that includes the reflector axis (A),
wherein the radiant body (7) has at least two luminous sections (9), and
wherein said at least two of said luminous sections are located in the lamp
(2) approximately axially parallel to, but not coincident with, said
reflector axis (A).
2. The reflector-incandescent lamp combination of claim 1, wherein the axes
of symmetry of the cylindrical surfaces are oriented approximately
parallel to the reflector axis (A).
3. The reflector-incandescent lamp combination of claim 1, wherein the lamp
is rated for operation with a voltage of at least 80 V.
4. The reflector-incandescent lamp combination of claim 1, wherein the
luminous sections (9) comprise a filament coil, and
wherein the coil has two approximately axially parallel sections.
5. The reflector-incandescent lamp combination of claim 4, wherein the coil
forms a "W" or a "V" when viewed in the direction of an apex of the
reflector is at the top.
6. The reflector-incandescent lamp combination of claim 1, wherein the
luminous sections (9) of the radiant body (7) are inclined by at most
15.degree. from the reflector axis (A).
7. The reflector-incandescent lamp combination of claim 6, wherein the
luminous sections (9) of the radiant body (7) are inclined by less than
10.degree. from said reflector axis (A).
8. The reflector-incandescent lamp combination of claim 1, wherein the lamp
is a halogen incandescent lamp.
9. The reflector-incandescent lamp combination of claim 8, wherein the lamp
(2) terminates in a pinch seal;
and the radiant body (7) is retained in the lamp in said pinch seal, or in
a mount that is devoid of quartz beams.
10. The reflector-incandescent lamp combination of claim 1, wherein the
generatrix of the cylindrical surface extends parallel to its own axis of
symmetry, or is inclined to such an axis in the manner of a truncated
cone.
11. The reflector-incandescent lamp combination of claim 1, wherein the
directrix of the cylindrical facet surface represents a portion of a
conical section circle.
12. The reflector-incandescent lamp combination of claim 11, wherein the
directrix of the cylindrical facet surface represents a portion of a
circle, an ellipse, a parabola or a hyperbola.
13. The reflector-incandescent lamp combination of claim 11, wherein each
cylindrical surface of the facets is bounded in trapezoid-like manner by
four edges;
and wherein two edges are defined by directrices (6a, 6b) and two further
edges are defined as straight lines connecting the ends of said
directrices.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a reflector incandescent lamp combination having
an at least substantially axially arranged radiant body.
BACKGROUND
A reflector lamp is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,021,659, Wiley. The lamp
described there has an axial coil and facets which are either flat or
curved in convex fashion. The homogeneity of the light distribution in
such lamps is not satisfactory for all applications, however. Above all,
such a design is only conditionally suitable for medium- and high-voltage
lamps (typically, the practical lower limit is 80 V), since then, compared
to the low-voltage range, the radiant bodies must be chosen to be very
long, and often they are divided into a plurality of sections.
THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to improve the homogeneity of the
light projected by reflector incandescent lamps which, in particular, are
operated at medium or high voltage, that is, above 80 V.
Briefly, the lamp of the lamp-reflector combination has a radiant body
which is oriented substantially axially or axially-parallel with respect
to the reflector, in which the lamp is also, preferably securely, mounted.
The reflector has a reflective surface which is formed substantially of
trapezoid-like facets. The majority of the facets are formed as concavely
curved cylindrical surfaces with an associated axis of symmetry, each axis
of symmetry being located in a plane which includes the reflector axis.
The radiant body of the lamp has at least two luminous sections, and the
luminous sections are so located in the lamp that, with respect to the
reflector, they are approximately axially parallel to the reflector axis,
but do not coincide with the reflector axis.
It has been found that the homogeneity of the illumination, especially in
lamps with multiple radiant body sections, can be improved considerably if
the facets of the reflector comprise concex cylindrical segments. It is
essential, however, for the axes of the cylindrical segments to be
oriented such that they are located in planes that include the reflector
axis. In particular, these axes should be oriented approximately parallel
to the reflector axis. "Convex" is to be understood with reference to the
optically active side of the reflector.
Conversely, it has been found that cylindrical segments whose axes are
transverse to the reflector axis exhibit major nonhomogeneities of
illumination.
The particular advantage of the cylindrical segments of the invention is
that as a result, not only lamps with an axial radiant body (especially
low-voltage lamps) but also lamps whose radiant bodies are composed of a
plurality of approximately axially parallel sections, especially high- and
medium-voltage lamps (generally understood to mean voltages above 80 V),
that provide homogeneous illumination can be furnished. To achieve an
homogeneous illumination, the individual sections of the radiant body are
inclined by no more than 15.degree. and preferably at most 10.degree. from
the reflector axis. Examples are V shapes W shapes or the like, and
especially shapes that are varied in mirror symmetry to them, such as U
and M shapes.
In particular, through the characteristics of the invention, even very
compact reflector lamps can be made. A halogen incandescent lamp is
advantageously used for the purpose. In particular, its structural length
can be decreased further by dispensing with a quartz beam for the mount
that holds the radiant body. The mount parts are retained directly in a
pinch seal. Instead of being held by a mount (or in addition to it), the
radiant body can also be retained by deformations of the bulb see U.S.
Pat. No. 5,146,134, Stadler et al..
DRAWINGS
An exemplary embodiment will be described in further detail below. Shown
are
FIG. 1, a reflector incandescent lamp combination with axially parallel
cylindrical facets;
FIG. 2, a cross section through the reflector;
FIG. 3, the light distribution of the lamp of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4, the light distribution of a lamp with cylindrical facets lying
transversely;
FIG. 5, a further embodiment of a lamp.
FIG. 1 shows a reflector incandescent lamp 1 for general lighting purposes.
It comprises a high-voltage (230 V) halogen incandescent lamp 2 with an
output of 50 W, which is secured via two long power leads in the apex of a
pressed glass reflector 3, which has a diameter of 63 mm (PAR 20) or 95 mm
(PAR 30), for example. The reflector defines a reflector axis A. The
reflector has a neck 4, which is secured in a screw-type base 5. As its
reflective surface, it has an array of trapezoid-like facets 6 (FIG. 2).
The individual facets are portions of cylinders, whose edges abut one
another. The arc length of the edge 6b of the facet pointing toward the
reflector opening is greater than that of the edge 6a pointing toward the
apex 6c. Overall, the reflector is formed of 17 rows of facets, and the
first and last rows have facets of a different structure. The arrangement
of the cylindrical facets can be seen better in the plan view and side
view of FIGS. 2a and 2b, respectively, which show only the reflector.
The halogen incandescent lamp 2 generally located coaxially with axis A in
the reflector 3, has a radiant body 7 bent into a W, which is retained by
five mount wires 8, which are anchored in the pinch. The luminous sections
9 of the radiant body are oriented approximately parallel to the reflector
axis A, but not along the axis A. The luminous sections 9 are inclined by
a maximum of 10.degree. from the reflector axis A. The reflector opening
is covered by a lens 15.
FIG. 3 shows the light distribution of a lamp with cylindrical facets whose
axis of symmetry includes the reflector axis. The homogeneity is
substantially better than in a similar lamp whose cylindrical facets (FIG.
4) are located transversely to the reflector axis.
FIG. 5 shows still another example for an advantageously usable lamp 2,
having a W-shaped radiant body 7' with four luminous sections 9. The inner
sections 9a are approximately equal in length to the outer sections which
do not coincide with axis A, 9b. None of these sections is inclined by
more than 15.degree. from the reflector axis A.
The facets according to the invention are each adapted ot the radiant body.
In principle, the directrix of the cylindrical facet surface can be chosen
as circular, but also as elliptical, parabolic or hyperbolic. The term
"directrix" is here used in the engineering sense, that is, the curve
along which a line, extending therefrom, moves to generate a surface. When
this line, as it moves, remains parallel to itself, it will generate a
cylindrical surface; if it is inclined, a conical surface (see: Adler,
"The Theory of Engineering Drawing", Van Nostrand, Copyright 1912, 1915).
The generatrix of the facet can be located parallel to the axis of
symmetry of the facet, or it may be inclined to it in the manner of a
truncated cone.
The axis of symmetry mentioned here, on being projected onto each
cylindrical surface, divides that surface into two mirror-symmetrical
halves.
In the case of a circular generatrix, this axis is defined by the center
point of the circle; in an elliptical generatrix, it is defined by the
middle point between the two foci, for instance, and so forth.
Typically, the jacket face of the cylindrical facet is oriented parallel to
the axis of symmetry of the facet. This does not, however, preclude the
possibility that the jacket face may, in cone-line manner, be inclined
from the axis of symmetry.
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