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United States Patent | 5,700,663 |
Zettlmeissl ,   et al. | December 23, 1997 |
Mutants of AT III which have been advantageously modified at one or more potential glycosylation sites or at the Arg393 position are described. As a rule, combination of the mutations enhances the advantageous modifications.
Inventors: | Zettlmeissl; Gerd (Lahntal, DE); Karges; Hermann Erich (Marburg, DE); Becker; Achim (Dautphetal, DE) |
Assignee: | Behringwerke Aktiengesellschaft (Marburg, DE) |
Appl. No.: | 452836 |
Filed: | May 30, 1995 |
Jan 24, 1989[DE] | 39 01 917.9 |
Current U.S. Class: | 435/69.6; 435/226; 514/12; 530/380 |
Intern'l Class: | A61K 038/17; C07K 014/47 |
Field of Search: | 435/69.6,226,172.3 514/12 530/380,395,350 |
4632981 | Dec., 1986 | Bock | 530/393. |
Foreign Patent Documents | |||
0 090 505 A2 | Oct., 1983 | EP. | |
0 256 302 A2 | Feb., 1988 | EP. | |
36 24 453 A1 | Jan., 1988 | DE. |
Zettlmeissl et al., "Influence of Glycosylation on the Functional Properties of Human Therapeutic Plasma Proteins", Protein Glycosylation: Cellular, Biotechnological and Analytical Aspects, GBF Monographs, vol. 15 (ed. H.5. Conradt), pp. 259-268, 1991. Bowie et al., "Deciphering the Message in Protein Sequences: Tolerance to Amino Acid Substitutions", Science, vol. 247, pp. 1306-1310, Mar. 1990. J. Schrader et al., "Chromogene Substratmethoden zur Antithrombin III-Bestimmung", Des Arztliche Laboratorium, pp. 111-114, (1986). G. Zettlmeissl et al., "Expression of Biologically Active Human Anti-thrombin III in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells", Bio/Technology, vol. 5, pp. 720-725 (Jul. 1987). M. Hoylaerts et al., "Involvement of Heparin Chain Length in the Heparin-catalyzed Inhibition of Thrombin by Antithrombin III", J. Biol. Chem., vol. 259, No. 9, pp. 5670-5677 (May 1984). C. Peterson et al., "Isolation and Characterization of an Antithrombin III Variant with Reduced Carbohydrate Content and Enhanced Heparin Binding", J. Biol. Chem., vol. 260, No. 1, pp. 610-615 (Jan. 1985). S. Brennan et al., "Physiological Variant of Antithrombin-III Lacks Carbohydrate Sidechain at Asn 135", FEBS Letters, vol. 219, No. 2, pp. 431-436 (Jul. 1987). Yansushi Morinaga et al., "Improvement of Oligonucleotide-Directed Site-Specific Mutagenesis Using Double-Stranded Plasmid DNA", Bio/Technology, pp. 636-639 (Jul. 1984). Jorgensen et al., Biochem. J. 231; 59-63 (1985). Molho-Sabatier et al., J. Clin. Invest. 84; 1236-1242 (1989). W. Kramer et al., "The Gapped Duplex DNA Approach to Oligonucleotide-Directed Mutation Construction", Nucl. Acids Res., vol. 12, No. 24, pp. 9441-9456 (1984). G. Zettlmeissl et al., "Efficient Expression System for Human Antithrombin III in Baby Hamster Kidney Cells", Behring Inst. Mitt., No. 82, pp. 26-34 (1988). F. Sanger et al., "DNA Sequencing with Chain-Terminating Inhibitors", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 74, No. 12, pp. 5463-5467. (1977). A. Hensen et al., "III. Antithrombin III Assay", Thromb. Diatl. Haemorrh.,vol. 9, pp. 18-29 (1963). J. Schrader et al., "Methoden zur Bestimmung des Antithrombin III (Methods for the Determination of Antithrombin III)", Arztl. Lab., vol. 29, pp. 35-39 (1983). S. Engelbrecht et al., "Separation of Human Leucocyte Enzymes Alaine Aminopeptidase, Cathepsin G, Collagenase, Elastase and Myeloperoxidase", Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem., vol. 363, pp. 305-315 (Mar. 1982). K. Nakajima et al., "Mapping the Extended Substrate Binding Site of Cathepsin G an dHuman Leukocyte Elastase", J. Biol. Chem., vol. 254, No. 10, pp. 4027-4031 (May 1979). |
TABLE 1 __________________________________________________________________________ 1 HGSPVDICTA KPRDIPMNPM CIYRSPEKKA TEDEGSEQKI PEATNRRVWE 51 LSKANSRFAT TFYQHLADSK NDNDNIFLSP LSISTAFAMT KLGACNDTLQ 101 QLMEVFKFDT ISEKTSDQIH FFFAKLNCRL YRKANKSSKL VSANRLFGDK 151 SLTFNETYQD ISELVYGAKL QPLDFKENAE OSRAAINKWV SNKTEGRITD 201 VIPSEAINEL TVLVLVNTIY FKGLWKSKFS PENTRKELFY KADGESCSAS 251 MMYQEGKFRY RRVAEGTQVL ELPFKGDDIT MVLILPKPEK SLAKVEKELT 301 PEVLQEWLDE LEEMMLVVHM PRFRIEDGFS LKEQLQDMGL VDLFSPEKSK 351 LPGIVAEGRD DLYVSDAFHK AFLEVNEEGS EAAASTAVVI AGRSLNPNRV 401 TFKANRPFLV FIREVPLNTI IFMGRVANPC VK __________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 2 __________________________________________________________________________ Examples of mutagenesis of oligonucleotides No. Sequence Mutation __________________________________________________________________________ 1 5' GGG GTT TAG CGA CAT GCC AGC AAT CAC 3' Arg393-Met 2 5' GGG GTT TAG CGA AAC GCC AGC AAT CAC 3' Arg393-Val 3 5' GGG GTT TAG CGA AAG GCC AGC AAT CAC 3' Arg393-Leu 4 5' GGG GTT TAG CGT ACG GCC AGC 3' Ser394-Thr 5 5' GGG GTT TAG CAT ACG GCC AGC 3' Ser394-Met 6 5' GGA CAG TTC CTT GAC ACG CCG G 3' Trp49-Lys 7 5' G GAG GGT GTC CTG ACA GGC ACC CAG C 3' Asn96-Gln 8 5' GGA GGA TTT CTG GGC TTT TCG Asn135-Gln 9 5' G GTA GGT CTC CTG GAA GGT AAG G 3' Asn155-Gln 10 5' CG GCC TTC GGT CTT CTG GGA CAC CC 3' Asn192-Gln __________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 3 ______________________________________ Inibition of elastase from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN elastase) Substance IC.sub.50 (.mu.g/ml) k.sub.I (mol/l) ______________________________________ alpha.sub.1 PI 3.7 1.7 .times. 10.sup.-8 AT III - WT -- n.d. AT III - Met 393 28.0 n.d. AT III - Val 393 4.0 1 .times. 10.sup.-8 AT III - Leu 393 65.0 n.d. ______________________________________ -- = no inhibition (IC.sub.50 > 100 .mu.g/ml) n.d. = not determined
TABLE 4 ______________________________________ Expression and purification of AT III mutants Conc. in roller Purification supernatants.sup.1) by standard PI.sup.2) HC.sup.3) (mg/l) method (U/mg) (U/mg) ______________________________________ ATIII-Plasma -- +++ 4-6.5* 4-6.5* ATIII-WT 4.2 +++ 6.2 5 ATIII-Met393 5.5 +++ 0 0 ATIII-Val393 4.8 +++ 0 0 ATIII-Leu393 9.8 +++ 0 0 ATIII-Thr394 9.7 +++ n.d. 3.5 ATIII-LYS49 3.3 ++ 4.6 4.3 ATIII-Gln135 8 +++ 3.9 4.5 ATIII-Gln155 3.6 +++ 4.2 5.5 ATIII-Gln135/155 1.2 +++ n.d. 3.8 ______________________________________ .sup.1) 40 h serumfree supernatants (ELISA) of BHK cells .sup.2) progressive inhibitory activity (Hensen et al. 1963) .sup.3) heparin cofactor activity (Schrader et al. 1986) n.d. = not determined *batchdependent range of variation
TABLE 5 ______________________________________ Dependence of thrombin inactivation on the heparin concentration C.sub.1/2 Heparin.sup.1) (mIU/ml) ______________________________________ ATIII-Plasma 65 ATIII-WT 65 ATIII-Gln135 22 ATIII-Gln155 22 ATIII-Gln135/155 5 ATIII-Lys49 greater than 360 ______________________________________ .sup.1) heparin concentration at halfmaximum relative thrombin inhibition