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United States Patent |
5,658,148
|
Neuberger
,   et al.
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August 19, 1997
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Dental laser brushing or cleaning device
Abstract
The invention is an oral cleaning device incorporating a low power laser
radiation source and means for producing pulsed or continuous wave
delivery of low power radiation to teeth, gums and oral tissue. The device
is used alone or in conjunction with a liquid jet or jets and/or with
photosensitizer dental paste or liquid. The device destroys bacteria and
viruses in the mouth and on surrounding tissue. It increases oral blood
circulation and enhances the body's immune system response to oral
infection. The device may be operated by a trained professional at three
different repetition rate frequencies, selected by the operator to threat
different dental conditions. The specific photosensitizer liquid or paste
which is activated at a certain wavelength is chosen by the operator to
treat different dental conditions. The device is also intended for home
dental hygiene at low power.
Inventors:
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Neuberger; Wolfgang (Monchen-Gladbach, DE);
Cecchetti; Walter (Padau, IT)
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Assignee:
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CeramOptec Industries, Inc. (East Longmeadow, MA)
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Appl. No.:
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429083 |
Filed:
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April 26, 1995 |
Current U.S. Class: |
433/215; 424/49; 433/29; 433/216 |
Intern'l Class: |
A61C 005/00 |
Field of Search: |
433/216,215,29,30,31
424/49-58
|
References Cited
U.S. Patent Documents
4743199 | May., 1988 | Weber et al. | 433/216.
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4877401 | Oct., 1989 | Higuchi et al. | 433/215.
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5030090 | Jul., 1991 | Maeda et al. | 433/29.
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5133957 | Jul., 1992 | Suh et al. | 424/49.
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5186627 | Feb., 1993 | Amit et al. | 433/216.
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5401171 | Mar., 1995 | Paghdiwala | 433/215.
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Foreign Patent Documents |
9011728 | Oct., 1990 | WO | 433/216.
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Other References
G. Valduga, G. Bertoloni, E. Reddi & G. Juri, "Effect of extra-cellalarly
generated singlet Oxygen on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria" J.
Photochem. Photobiol B: Biol 22 81-6 (1993).
|
Primary Examiner: Bennett; Christopher A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Skutnik; Bolesh J., Basile; Deborah
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A cleaning device to clean teeth, gums and other oral areas comprising:
a handle, a brushhead, a radiation source, and a power source for said
radiation source;
said brushhead further comprising a backing plate and a multiplicity of
bristles;
said radiation source being a diode laser
a delivery means for said radiation;
said delivery means for said radiation comprising an optical fiber
optically connected to said radiation source;
said optical fiber being terminated such that said optical fiber's
longitudinal axis is substantially directed at an opening in said
brushhead;
said opening allowing passage of a liquid and radiation to oral areas to be
cleaned;
a tube providing passage for liquid under pressure;
said optical fiber having a termination-tip which forms a substantially
flat surface relative to said optical fiber's longitudinal axis;
said tube having an open-end substantially near said termination-tip;
said liquid coming through said open-end passing over said surface of said
termination-tip;
an angle formed between said surface of said termination tip and said
optical fiber's longitudinal axis forming a substantially refractive
surface for said radiation while liquid is passing over said surface and
then to said opening thereby passing said radiation substantially through
said opening; and
said angle forming a substantially reflective surface for said radiation
when said liquid is not passing over said surface, thereby passing said
radiation substantially to said brushhead.
2. A cleaning device according to claim 1 wherein said diode-laser is
enclosed in said handle.
3. A cleaning device according to claim 1 wherein at least said brushhead
is considered disposable.
4. A cleaning device according to claim 1 further comprising an
interlocking means for controlling the delivery of said radiation.
5. A cleaning device according to claim 1 further comprising means to
deliver and select different radiation frequencies for treatment of a
particular oral infection or condition.
6. A treatment device to treat teeth, gums and other oral areas comprising:
a handle, a brushhead, a radiation source, and a power source for said
radiation source;
said brushhead further comprising a backing plate and a multiplicity of
bristles;
said radiation source being a diode laser
a delivery means for said radiation;
said delivery means for said radiation comprising an optical fiber
optically connected to said radiation source;
said optical fiber being terminated such that said optical fiber's
longitudinal axis is substantially directed at an opening in said
brushhead;
said opening allowing passage of a liquid and radiation to oral areas to be
cleaned;
a tube providing passage for liquid under pressure;
said optical fiber having a termination-tip which forms a substantially
flat surface relative to said optical fiber's longitudinal axis;
said tube having an open-end substantially near said termination-tip;
said liquid coming through said open-end passing over said surface of said
termination-tip;
an angle formed between said surface of said termination tip and said
optical fiber's longitudinal axis forming a substantially refractive
surface for said radiation while liquid is passing over said surface and
then to said opening thereby passing said radiation substantially through
said opening; and
said angle forming a substantially reflective surface for said radiation
when said liquid is not passing over said surface, thereby passing said
radiation substantially to said brushhead.
7. A treatment device according to claim 6 wherein said diode laser is
enclosed in said handle.
8. A treatment device according to claim 6 wherein at least said head is
considered disposable.
9. A treatment device according to claim 6 further comprising an
interlocking means for controlling the delivery of said radiation.
10. An oral treatment device according to claim 6 further comprising means
to deliver and select different radiation frequencies for treatment of a
particular oral infection or condition.
11. A dental liquid or paste containing photosensitizer substances, having
specific absorption wavelengths and which on being irradiated at said
wavelength create singlet oxygen in the immediate vicinity of said liquid
or paste.
12. A method of treatment for teeth, gums, and other oral areas comprising
the steps of:
applying to a preselected oral area, a liquid/paste containing
photosensitizer substances as given in claim 11;
irradiating said preselected oral area with said specific absorption
wavelength and thereby creating singlet oxygen as an active species;
having said singlet oxygen react with surfaces within said preselected oral
area; and
rinsing away any residue after reaction of said singlet oxygen and said
surfaces.
13. The method of treatment according to claim 12, further comprising the
step of:
selecting a frequency for delivery of said specific absorption wavelength
based on the specific dental treatment undertaken and on which specific
photosensitizer substances are present in said liquid/paste.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to a tooth and mouth cleaning or treatment
instrument and to a dental liquid or paste used in conjunction with the
tooth and mouth cleaning or treatment instrument.
2. Invention Disclosure Statement
Generally in the prior art mechanical cleaning of teeth with manual,
electric and/or water jet devices is of a superficial nature only and does
not penetrate into the skin-tissue or into pockets to remove or destroy
bacteria and viral contamination. Additionally, toothpaste is of very
limited effect in terms of bacterial and viral destruction. Low power
laser biostimulation produces enzymes which can destroy viruses and
bacteria present on teeth, in the mouth, on the gums and below the gum
line. Consequential inflammation and pain is also eliminated. Radiation
with pulsed diode laser at varying repetition rate frequencies is a
selective trigger of the body's natural defense to infection within the
mouth. Optimum effect can be achieved with GaAs (Gallium Arsenide) pulsed
diode laser at a width of 200-300 nsec, .lambda.=904 nm, power=5-10 mW,
application time 1-3 minutes. Three different repetition rate frequencies
can be used to treat different dental conditions as follows:
F1=73 Hz for Parodontitides, dental pain
F2=292 Hz for Gingivitis, stomatitis
F3=584 Hz for Gingivitis, stomatitis paradontophaties
It is known through research in the area of photodynamic therapy that
certain substances are created as a byproduct of laser radiation. These
substances contain atomic or singlet oxygen that is believed to destroy
tumor cells. Similarly, atomic oxygen resulting from laser radiation can
enhance destruction of oral bacteria and viruses. Research has been
conducted and reported which teaches that gram-positive and gram-negative
bacteria are sensitive to singlet oxygen generated by a physically
separated photosensitizer. Thus, laser radiation will destroy oral
bacteria. [See, e.g., Giuliana Valduga et. al., "Effect of Extracellularly
Generated Singlet Oxygen on Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria," J.
Photochem. Photobiol. B. Biol., 21 (1993) 81-86.]
The wavelength at which the diode laser of the device is operated is
related to the specific photosensitizer used. A photosensitizer such as a
Phthalocyanine can be activated by continuous wave diode laser as follows:
(a) Zn (II) phthalocyanine is activated at .lambda.=670 nm
(b) Si (IV) naphthalocyanine is activated at .lambda.=780 nm
(c) Pd (OBu).sub.8 naphthalocyanine is activated at .lambda.=820 nm
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an aim of the present invention to address the need for an oral
cleaning or treatment device which will have a significant destructive
effect on bacteria and viruses.
It is a further aim of the present invention to provide a device to permit
the delivery of low power radiation through the bristles of a toothbrush.
It is yet another aim of the present invention to provide a device to
permit the delivery of low power radiation through a liquid jet or jets
within the device.
It is also an aim of the present invention to provide a device that permits
the delivery of low power radiation directly from a low-power small
radiator such as a diode-laser to areas of the oral areas to be treated or
cleaned.
It is additionally an aim of the current invention to provide a device that
may be used separately from a cleaning device if desired, and that may
provide variable treatment combinations by the selection of switches that
control the radiation source, and that may provide sanitary, disposable
treatment or cleaning portions of the device to allow multiple users to
take advantage of the device.
It is a yet a further aim of the present invention to provide a cleaning
material defined as a toothpaste or liquid to be used with the oral
cleaning device which is radiation activated at certain wavelengths.
An object of the invention is to respond to the need for an inexpensive,
consumer-oriented hand-held tooth and mouth cleaning device which will
emit low-power laser radiation for in-home treatment of oral infections,
gingivitis and periodontal disease and for use by dentists and oral
surgeons in preparation for surgery, in treatment of oral infection or
during oral surgical procedures. Used in conjunction with the radiation
activated toothpaste or liquid the effect on oral inflammation and
infection is significant.
Briefly stated, in the present invention an oral cleaning device using low
power radiation is provided which enhances destruction of oral viruses and
bacteria, increases blood circulation and thereby increases the body's
immune system response to the oral infection. The present invention
teaches a device which will have a significant effect on the treatment of
all types of oral diseases, inflammations, and infections.
As an alternative to a pulsed diode laser, a continuous wave diode laser
can be used with or without a photosensitizer liquid for selective
biostimulation.
Low power laser radiation also increases blood circulation to maintain
dental and gum health. The invention addresses these needs by teaching a
consumer oriented device combining the benefits of mechanical cleaning
with tissue penetration and virus/bacterial elimination using low power
radiation delivered with either a pulsed or continuous wave mode.
The invention also teaches a photosensitizer dental liquid or paste to be
used with the dental laser brush device which is activated by a laser
wavelength. The photosensitizer toothpastes or liquid supplements
increases the effectiveness of the laser assisted cleaning instrument.
The above, and other objects, features and advantages of the present
invention will become apparent from the following description read in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a view if the end of the mechanical oral cleaning device showing
a circular fixed tip, optical fibers and liquid jets within the brushhead
for laser radiation delivery.
FIG. 2 is a view of the end of a mechanical oral cleaning device showing a
circular rotating tip, optical fibers and liquid jets within the neck of
the device for broader laser radiation delivery.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the mechanical oral cleaning device showing a
brushhead, diode laser, power supply, cooling means and driver.
FIG. 4 shows a mechanical oral cleaning device placed within a console
having a colored, replacement brush tips, means for a dental liquid
dispenser and electrical components.
FIG. 5 is a view of a mechanical oral cleaning device with an optical fiber
and a liquid jet, where the fiber optic's end terminates in at a
safety-designed angle.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)
FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the invention in which plastic brush
10 can be manufactured in a multiplicity of colors and is removable from a
handle. Plastic brush 10 contains one or more optical fiber 11s and water
or liquid passage 12. Optical fiber 11(s) carry radiation from a radiation
source to brushhead 13, and water or liquid passage 12 carries water or
liquid under pressure to brushhead 13. Optical fiber 11(s) may be
optically connected to one or more optical bristle 14s, which deliver
radiation to the areas in the mouth being cleaned through bristle 14 end
not optically connected to optical fiber 11(s). Optical fiber 11(s) may
also terminate in one or more optical opening 15(s) located in brushhead
13, delivering radiation from optical opening 15(s) to the oral areas
being cleaned via the air gap between them. Radiation may also be
delivered using passage 12, which terminates in brushhead 13 by being
connected to one or more hollow bristle 16(s) or one or more liquid
opening 17(s).
FIG. 2 shows another preferred embodiment of the invention in which plastic
brush 20 can be manufactured in a multiplicity of colors, is removable
from a handle, and has rotatable brushhead 23. Plastic brush 20 contains
one or more optical fiber 21(s) and water or liquid passage 22. Optical
fiber 21 (or each optical fiber 21) carries radiation from a radiation
source to rotatable optical connection 28, and water or liquid passage 22
carries water or liquid under pressure to rotatable brushhead 23. Optical
fiber 21(s) may be optically connected to one or more optical bristle 24s
via optical connector 28, which deliver radiation to the areas in the
mouth being cleaned through bristle 24 end not optically connected to
optical connector 28. Optical fiber 21(s) may also terminate in one or
more optical opening 25(s) located in rotatable brushhead 23, delivering
radiation from optical opening 25(s) to the oral areas being cleaned via
the air gap between them. Radiation may also be delivered using a liquid
going through passage 22. Passage 22 terminates at rotatable brushhead 23
and is connected to one or more hollow bristle 26(s) or one or more liquid
opening 27(s). The liquid is delivered to the area to be cleaned or
treated by passing through one or more hollow bristle 26(s) or one or more
liquid opening 27(s).
Radiation is delivered by a pulsed diode laser or a continuous wave diode
laser, to exactly where it is needed through plastic brush tips 10 or 20
in the normal course of tooth brushing. The present invention in these
embodiments incorporates the properties of simple laser biostimulation
which produces enzymes which remove and reduce the byproducts of tissue
inflammation and thereby reduce swelling and assist to alleviate pain in
the inflamed tissue.
FIG. 3 shows handle means 31 containing diode laser 32 and electrical
wiring 33, and cooling means 34 consisting of a Peltier cell. Radiation
from diode laser 32 is delivered through replaceable brush 35. Handle
means 31 may also contain battery cell or cells 36 which power diode laser
32.
FIG. 4 shows the mechanical oral cleaning device placed within console 41
whereby the handle means 42 enclosing a diode laser is secured and
replacement brushes 43 are easily accessible. Console 41 also contains
container 44 for storage of the dental or photosensitizer liquid or paste.
Console 41 contains within its structure a sufficient length of cable for
use of the brushing device in dental surgery or for any other application.
Console 41 also contains within its structure a micropump for any liquid
under pressure that may be needed and all needed electrical circuits.
FIG. 5 shows a preferred embodiment of the invention in which plastic brush
50 can be manufactured in a multiplicity of colors and is removable from a
handle. Plastic brush 50 contains optical fiber 51 and water or liquid
passage 52. Optical fiber 51 carries radiation from a radiation source to
fiber end 53, which terminates at designated angle 54 relative to optical
fiber 51's longitudinal axis. Water or liquid passage 52 carries water or
liquid under pressure to fiber end 53. Water or liquid passes through
passage 52, over surface of fiber end 53, and then through liquid and
laser radiation delivery opening 55 to any proximal oral area to be
cleaned or treated. Plastic brush 50 is designed to be safe for home use
by the fact that laser radiation coming to fiber end 53 will be reflected
harmlessly upward into plastic brush 50 if no liquid is being forced
through liquid passage 52. This is due to angle 54 which creates a
reflective surface because air and optical fiber 51 have substantially
different n. When liquid is passing over the surface of fiber end 53 laser
radiation will pass through substantially parallel to the longitudinal
axis of optical fiber 51, thereby being delivered to oral areas to be
cleaned or treated via opening 55 with the liquid that came through
passage 52. This occurs because the difference in n between optical fiber
51 and a liquid or water is low enough that fiber end 53 is now a
refractive, rather than a reflective, surface.
In the present invention, the dental laser brushing device can be used in
combination with a photosensitizer toothpaste or liquid which is applied
to the bristles of the device. The photosensitizer liquid or paste when
activated by an appropriate laser wavelength produces hyperactive singlet
oxygen that destroys bacteria. The method is similar to photodynamic
therapy of tumors in which the photosensitizer releases singlet oxygen
that destroys tumor cells. The present invention uses low power laser
energy delivered by pulsed or by continuous wave action and a low
concentration of photosensitizer for consumer use. The dental laser
brushing device may be used in connection with oral surgery at a medium
laser energy delivery and using a specific concentration of
photosensitizer liquid. The present invention guarantees good penetration
of oral tissues.
The low power radiation can be delivered at three (3) different frequencies
which can be selected by the operator based upon the particular treatment
to be rendered and the particular photosensitizer liquid used. The result
is photodynamic therapy whereby the selection of diode laser wavelength is
related to the type of treatment to be conducted.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention and as shown in the drawings,
the diode laser can be incorporated into the handle of the device together
with its power supply and if necessary, with Peltier cells as a cooling
system. Radiation from a diode laser source is delivered through one or
more of the bristles on a replaceable brush that has a fixed or rotatable
brushhead, or through liquid jets, or through openings in the brushhead
corresponding to the radiation delivery medium. The diode laser will run
on the battery or battery cells inside the handle. The replaceable brushes
have one of two types of brushheads:
(a) rotating bristles which are activated by applying the bristles to the
oral surface or by the pressure of the flow of liquid through the jets;
(b) fixed bristles which are activated by applying the bristles to the oral
surface or by the pressure of the flow of liquid through the liquid jets.
The rotating motion of the bristles, the pulsing action of the pulsed
delivery, and/or the pressure of the liquid jets all increase the
effectiveness of the device.
Also in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the handle containing the
diode laser is linked to a console by cable where there are electrical
wires and small tubing for delivery of the dental liquid. The console
contains all the necessary electronic components for operation of the
dental laser brushing device. The console contains a container to hold the
dental liquid or paste and its micropump. This dental liquid can be a
toothpaste, a pharmacological substance for medical treatment and/or a
photosensitizer liquid for photodynamic-like therapy.
Various replacement brushes can be inserted into the handle with an easy
snap connection that guarantees optical connection between the diode laser
and the optical fiber in the brush, and between the tubing that delivers
the dental liquid to the tubing in the brush. The brushes may be different
colors for easy individual identification by multiple users within a
family. The brushes may also be sterilized for professional use by
dentists and oral surgeons.
Also, in the preferred embodiment the laser radiation from diode laser
source is delivered through the brushhead together with a liquid jet.
Alternatively, the liquid jet itself can be the optical transfer medium
for the radiation as the refractive index of water or the liquid is higher
than that of air and as it is reasonably transparent for certain
wavelengths applications to the procedure.
Having described the preferred embodiment of the invention with references
to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is
not limited to that precise embodiment and that various changes and
modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without
departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as defined in the
appended claims.
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