Back to EveryPatent.com
United States Patent |
5,638,235
|
Gill
,   et al.
|
June 10, 1997
|
Magnetic storage system with canted hardbias magnetoresistive head
Abstract
A magnetic storage system in which a magnetoresistive (MR) transducer
utilizes a high coercivity magnetic material to produce a bias field for
achieving higher signal output with low currents for narrow track width
applications. Strips of high coercivity magnetic material contiguously
contact opposite track-overlying edges of an MR layer. Each strip has a
horizontal component of magnetization times its thickness that is at least
equal to a horizontal component of magnetization of the MR layer times its
thickness before the MR layer is biased by the strips, and each strip has
its magnetization direction canted at an angle .phi. from its horizontal
component. The MR layer is asymmetrically positioned between spaced
magnetic shields and the MR layer is separated by a conductive nonmagnetic
spacer layer from a shunt layer. Alternatively, the shunt layer is
replaced by a reduced thickness soft film layer and the MR layer is
centered between the shields and the strips also contiguously contact
track overlying edges of the soft film layer.
Inventors:
|
Gill; Hardayal S. (Portola Valley, CA);
Heim; David E. (Redwood City, CA)
|
Assignee:
|
International Business Machines Corporation (Armonk, NY)
|
Appl. No.:
|
735044 |
Filed:
|
October 22, 1996 |
Current U.S. Class: |
360/327.31; 360/319 |
Intern'l Class: |
G11B 005/127 |
Field of Search: |
360/113
|
References Cited
U.S. Patent Documents
3840898 | Oct., 1974 | Bajorek et al. | 360/113.
|
3908194 | Sep., 1975 | Romankiw | 29/603.
|
3940797 | Feb., 1976 | Brock et al. | 360/125.
|
4771349 | Sep., 1988 | Tsang | 360/113.
|
5001586 | Mar., 1991 | Aboaf et al. | 360/113.
|
5018037 | May., 1991 | Krounbi et al. | 360/113.
|
5206590 | Apr., 1993 | Dieny et al. | 360/113.
|
Other References
Mee, C. Denis & Daniel, Eril D., Magnetic Recording Hanbook: Technology and
Applications, 1988, p. 303.
|
Primary Examiner: Tupper; Robert S.
Assistant Examiner: Davis; David D.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Otto, Jr.; Henry E., Murray; Leslie G., Saber; Paik
Parent Case Text
This is a continuation filed under 37 CFR 1.62 of patent application Ser.
No. 08/437,252 filed May 8, 1995, now abandoned, which is a continuation
of patent application Ser. No. 08/094,828 filed Jul. 19, 1993, now
abandoned.
Claims
We claim:
1. A magnetoresistive (MR) transducer for sensing magnetized data from a
track on a magnetic storage medium, comprising:
an MR layer;
a magnetic bias layer coextensive with said MR layer to generate a first
transverse bias field;
a spacer layer of high resistivity nonmagnetic material interposed between
said MR layer and said magnetic bias layer; and
strips of high coercivity magnetic material in contiguous contact with
opposite track-overlying edges of said MR layer and said magnetic bias
layer, each of said strips having its magnetization direction canted at an
angle .phi. from its horizontal component, said strips producing a
longitudinal bias field for maintaining said MR layer in a single domain,
said strips also producing a second transverse bias field cooperating with
said first transverse bias field to transversely bias the MR layer
magnetization from its horizontal component at an angle .theta.
preselected to optimize sensing efficiency of the transducer.
2. The magnetoresistive (MR) transducer as in claim 1 wherein said magnetic
bias layer has a thickness not exceeding 30 percent of the thickness of
said MR layer.
3. The magnetoresistive (MR) transducer as in claim 1 wherein said strips
of high coercivity magnetic material have a coercivity of at least 500 Oe.
4. The magnetoresistive (MR) transducer as in claim 1 wherein each of said
strips of high coercivity magnetic material has its magnetization
direction canted at an angle .phi. of 60.degree..+-.15.degree..
5. The magnetoresistive (MR) transducer as in claim 1 wherein said MR layer
is biased at an angle .theta. of 400.degree..+-.7.degree..
6. The magnetoresistive (MR) transducer as in claim 1 wherein said spacer
layer comprises tantalum.
7. The magnetoresistive (MR) transducer as in claim 1 wherein said magnetic
bias layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of
NiFeRh and NiFeCr.
8. The magnetoresistive (MR) transducer as in claim 1 wherein said strips
of high coercivity magnetic material comprise CoPtCr.
9. The magnetoresistive (MR) transducer as in claim 1 further comprising
conductive leads contacting said MR layer in spaced-apart relationship at
opposite edge portions thereof.
10. The magnetoresistive (MR) transducer as in claim 9 wherein said
conductive leads comprise tantalum.
11. A magnetic storage system comprising:
a magnetic storage medium having a plurality of tracks with magnetized data
recorded thereon; and
a magnetoresistive (MR) transducer for sensing the data, said transducer
comprising:
an MR layer;
a magnetic bias layer coextensive with said MR layer to generate a first
transverse bias field;
a spacer layer of high resistivity nonmagnetic material interposed between
said MR layer and said magnetic bias layer; and
strips of high coercivity magnetic material in contiguous contact with
opposite track-overlying edges of said MR layer and said magnetic bias
layer, each of said strips having its magnetization direction canted at an
angle .phi. from its horizontal component, said strips producing a
longitudinal bias field for maintaining said MR layer in a single domain,
said strips also producing a second transverse bias field cooperating with
said first transverse bias field to transversely bias the MR layer
magnetization from its horizontal component at an angle .theta.
preselected to optimize sensing efficiency of the transducer.
12. The magnetic storage system of claim 11 wherein the data tracks of said
storage medium have a width not exceeding 1 .mu.m.
13. The magnetic storage system of claim 11 wherein said magnetic bias
layer has a thickness that is less than 30 percent of the thickness of
said MR layer.
14. A magnetic storage system as in claim 11 wherein said strips of high
coercivity magnetic material have a coercivity of at least 500 Oe.
15. A magnetic storage system as in claim 11 wherein each of said strips of
high coercivity magnetic material has its magnetization direction canted
at an angle .theta. of 60.degree..+-.15.degree..
16. A magnetic storage system as in claim 11 wherein said MR layer is
biased at an angle .phi. of 40.degree..+-.7.degree..
17. A magnetic storage system as in claim 11 wherein said spacer layer
comprises tantalum.
18. A magnetic storage system as in claim 11 wherein said magnetic bias
layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of NiFeRh
and NiFeCr.
19. A magnetic storage system as in claim 18 wherein said conductive leads
comprise tantalum.
20. A magnetic storage system as in claim 11 wherein said strips of high
coercivity magnetic material comprise CoPtCr.
21. A magnetic storage system as in claim 11 further comprising current
source means coupled to said MR transducer for providing a bias current to
said MR transducer.
22. A magnetic storage system as in claim 21 further comprising sensing
means coupled to said MR transducer for sensing variations of the
resistivity of said MR transducer as a function of the magnetic field
being sensed.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to magnetic storage systems, and more particularly
to such systems in which a magnetoresistive (MR) head has a bias magnetic
field that provides enhanced signal output with low currents narrow track
width applications.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In an attempt to improve the sensitivity and linearity of the MR effect, it
is known to apply a constant bias magnetic field to an MR head. This field
rotates the magnetization of an MR sensor film to a new direction at an
angle .theta. with the original orientation direction. This rotation of
the magnetization can be achieved in the following ways:
(1) Locate a permanent magnet adjacent the MR sensor film. However, this
approach provides linearity only adjacent the top and bottom edges and not
over the entire height of the MR sensor film. Moreover, if the permanent
magnet is placed directly over the active area of the MR sensor film, the
coercivity of the soft film may be raised to a level that is undesirable
for sensor applications.
(2) Position a shunt conductor in contact with the MR sensor film. However,
this provides poor sensitivity because the conductive film short circuits
the MR film, and thereby removes at least 50% of the signal.
(3) Locate a soft magnetic film adjacent the MR film. This provides good
linearity; but it does not provide good sensitivity because the soft film
shunts the current away from the MR sensor film and thereby can remove
about 30% of the signal.
(4) Asymmetrically position the MR film in the gap between the magnetic
shields, with or without a shunt layer contacting the MR film, as taught
in U.S. Pat. No. 3,940,797. This will not, without the shunt layer,
provide a bias field that can achieve an adequate degree of linearization
unless current density is increased to a level where power dissipation
overheats and destroys the sensor. Moreover, for thin gaps of the order of
2 .mu.m, it is difficult if not impossible to manufacture an MR head that
will provide sufficient asymmetry to create a bias magnetic field of
meaningful magnitude. This is because the bias field magnitude increases
with degree of asymmetry; and with a ratio of over 3:1, as taught by this
cited patent for MR heads without a shunt layer, the MR film would he
spaced so close to one of the magnetic shields that electrical shorting
would very likely occur.
(5) Create a magnetically biased MR strip by oxidizing portions adjacent
each side edge of a Permalloy strip sensor so that they become hard
magnets while the unoxidized central portion remains soft, as described in
connection with FIG. 4 of U.S. Pat. No. 3,840,898. However, this technique
can raise the coercivity of the Permalloy material only about 50-100 Oe.
This is insufficient to prevent the oxidized regions from becoming
demagnetized near their edges. When this occurs, the magnetization in the
oxidized regions will not remain canted and hence not provide the desired
bias. Finally, as a result of this oxidation, the magnetization at the
oxidized side portions will undesirably be less than that at the central
portion.
There is a need for a magnetic storage system having an MR head that has
optimal transverse bias and high read efficiency and is especially
suitable for narrow track width applications.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A magnetic storage system is described in which a magnetoresistive (MR)
transducer has a bias field produced by a high coercivity magnetic
material that provides enhanced signal output with low transducer currents
for data track width applications of 2 .mu.m or less.
Strips of high coercivity magnetic material contiguously contact opposite
track-overlying edges of an MR layer. Each strip has a horizontal
component of magnetization times its thickness that is at least equal to a
horizontal component of magnetization of the MR layer times its thickness
before the MR layer is biased by the strips, and each strip has its
magnetization direction canted at an angle .phi. from its horizontal
component.
The MR layer is asymmetrically positioned between spaced magnetic shields
and the MR layer is separated by a conductive nonmagnetic spacer layer
from a shunt layer. Alternatively, the shunt layer is replaced by a
reduced thickness soft film layer and the MR layer is centered between the
shields and the high coercivity strips also contiguously contact track
overlying edges of the soft film layer.
In each configuration the strips have a coercivity of at least 500 Oe, and
angle .phi. is 60.degree..+-.15.degree. and the components cooperate to
bias the MR layer at an angle .theta. of 40.degree..+-.7.degree. from its
horizontal component to optimize sensing efficiency of the transducer.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic disk storage system embodying
the invention.
FIG. 2 is a top view of an MR head constructed according to one embodiment
of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line 3--3 of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a plot showing how the sine of bias angle .theta. varies across
the track width of an MR film layer depicted in FIG. 2, at varying amounts
of offset of the MR layer between the magnetic shields.
FIG. 5 is a top view of an MR head according to a modified embodiment of
the invention.
FIG. 6 is a plot of the sine of bias angle .theta. across the track width
of an MR layer depicted in FIG. 5, with the MR layer centered between the
magnetic shields.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As illustrated in FIG. 1, a magnetic disk storage system 10 embodying the
invention comprises a rotatable magnetic disk 11 supported on a spindle 12
and rotated by a disk drive motor 13. A composite magnetic inductive
write/magnetoresistive (MR) read head 14 is movable relative to the disk
by an actuator means for writing and reading magnetized data on tracks
(not shown) on the disk. As illustrated, the actuator means comprises a
voice coil motor 15 that acts through an actuator arm 16, a suspension 17,
and a slider 18 to move the head 14 radially of the disk.
According to one embodiment of the invention, and as illustrated in FIG. 2,
the composite write/read head 14 comprises an MR read head 20. Head 20
comprises a spacer layer 21 separating an MR sensor film layer 22 from a
thin conductive shunt layer 23. Layer 23 is coextensive with the MR layer
22 to generate a bias field intercepting the MR layer when current is
supplied to layers 22, 23 via current-carrying conductive leads 24a, 24b
that make overlying contact with opposite edge portions of MR layer 22.
The facing edges of the leads 24a, 24b are spaced apart a distance
corresponding to the width W of a data track on disk 11. The MR layer 22
and shunt layer 23 are separated by layers 26, 28 of insulating material
from magnetic shields 30, 32, respectively. MR layer 22 is asymmetrically
disposed within a gap G formed between the shields 30, 32 such that gap
portion G1 is smaller than the remaining gap portion G2. As illustrated,
hard bias layers in the form of strips 34a, 34b of high coercivity
magnetic material make contiguous contact with the opposite
track-overlying edges of MR layer 22, spacer layer 21 and shunt layer 23
to facilitate fabrication. However, it is only essential to this
embodiment that the strips be in contiguous contact with the MR layer 22.
The MR sensor layer 22 may consist of a 100-300.ANG. thick layer of a
magnetically permeable material, such as Permalloy (NiFe); the spacer
layer 21 of 50-200.ANG. of a high resistivity nonmagnetic conductive
material, preferably Ta; the shunt layer 23 of 50-200.ANG. of Ti, Nb, TiZr
or Mo; the leads 24a, 24b of 500-2000.ANG. of Ta with an underlying seed
layer of TiW or TaW to reduce the resistivity; the shields 30, 32 of a
magnetically permeable material, such as Permalloy; the insulating layers
26, 28 of an electrically insulating material such as Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ;
and the hard bias strips 34a, 34b of a hard magnetic (i.e., high
coercivity) material such as CoPtCr having a thickness substantially equal
to the combined thickness of layers 21, 22, 23.
Spacer layer 21 (i) prevents the undesirable chemical reactions which can
occur when a shunt layer is in direct contact with an MR layer; and (ii)
acts as a seed layer, especially if of Ta, to provide superior MR material
for layer 22.
Current source 36 produces a current flow through the MR head 20 to provide
proper biasing and to generate an output voltage signal. Sensing means 38
senses variations in resistivity of the MR head 20 due to differences in
rotation of the magnetization M in MR layer 22 as a function of the
magnetic field being sensed.
Referring now also to FIG. 3, according to features of the invention,
strips 34a, 34b should have a coercivity of at least 500 Oe. The canting
angle .phi. of the magnetization M' of the high coercivity strips 34a, 34b
should be in the range of about 60.degree..+-.15.degree.. Also, as shown
in FIG. 3, the horizontal component 40 of magnetization M' of each strip
multiplied by its thickness t.sub.hb should be at least equal to the
horizontal component 42 of magnetization M of MR layer 22 multiplied by
its thickness t.sub.MR before the MR layer is biased by said strips. These
horizontal components 40, 42 are those in a direction parallel to the
track width W.
The value of M' may be calculated from the following equation:
t.sub.hb (M' cos .phi.)=t.sub.MR (M)
Strips 34a, 34b meeting these criteria, when combined with an MR layer 22
having a G1:G2 asymmetry ratio of at least 2:1 have been found to provide
an MR layer having an optimum bias angle .theta. in the range of
40.degree..+-.7.degree.. The asymmetry ratio is limited by the size of the
gap G and the fact that the MR layer must be at least 0.05 .mu.m from a
shield to insure against electrical shorting. With these criteria
satisfied, optimum bias is achieved with higher reading efficiency than
encountered in previously proposed configurations employing shunt
conductor biasing or soft film biasing.
FIG. 4 depicts a plot of actual test results achieved with an MR head 20
having the configuration shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. FIG. 4 shows how the sine
of bias angle .theta., as measured at mid-film height of the MR film layer
22, varies across the track-width-overlying portion of the MR layer for
different amounts of asymmetry or offset from the center of the gap G
between shields 30 and 32. Curve (a) shows that, with a track width W of 2
.mu.m, an MR layer 22 can be adequately biased at an angle .theta. of
approximately 37.degree. by employing the canted contiguous hard bias
strips 34a, 34b, an asymmetry or offset of 0.1 .mu.m in a gap of 0.55
.mu.m between shields, and a shunt conducting layer 23 having a
resistivity of 57 .mu..OMEGA.cm. The gaps G1 and G2 were 0.375 .mu.m and
0.175 .mu.m, providing an asymmetry ratio of 2.14. Good output signals
were obtained from the MR head with a current of 10 mA. Other parameters
were:
t.sub.MR =250.ANG.
t.sub.SH =170.ANG.
t.sub.SP =125.ANG.
H.sub.k (MR)=4 Oe
H.sub.k (SH)=4 Oe
4.pi.M.sub.S (MR/SH)=10.sup.4 /8.2.times.10.sup.3 emu/cc
H.times.W=2.0.times.2.0 .mu.m
Hard bias:
M.sub.S =700 emu/cc
t.sub.HB =594.ANG.
.phi..sub.HB =67.degree.
.rho.(MR/SP/SH)=27/190/57 .mu..OMEGA.cm
.OMEGA./.quadrature.=0.925 (Lead)
where t.sub.SH =thickness of shunt layer 23, and H and W are the height and
width of MR layer 22.
Curve (b) shows the bias angle 74 with an offset of 0.05 .mu.m and hence
an asymmetry ratio of 1.44; and curve (c) shows the bias angle .theta.
with no offset. These curves indicate that, due to the reduced bias angle,
higher currents are required to obtain output signals of comparable
amplitude and minimum signal waveform asymmetry. Also, tests conducted
employing asymmetric offset without the canting of the hard bias material
showed that higher currents, of the order of 20 mA, were required to
provide an appropriate output signal.
FIG. 5 illustrates an MR read head 50 according to a modified embodiment of
the invention. In FIG. 5, like reference numerals but primed have been
used to identify components which may be identical with those depicted in
FIG. 2. As illustrated in FIG. 5, MR head 50 differs from the MR head 20
depicted in FIG. 2 in that the MR layer 22' is centered at equal distances
G/2 from each shield 30', 32' (rather than asymmetrically within gap G),
and shunt layer 23' is replaced by a soft magnetic film layer 52 of such
as NiFeRh or NiFeCr having a thickness approximately one-quarter that of
MR layer 22'. The high coercivity strips 34a', 34b' make contiguous
contact with opposite track-overlying edges of MR layer 22', spacer layer
21', and soft film layer 52. Like shown in FIG. 3, each of the high
coercivity strips 34a', 34b' has its magnetization direction canted at an
angle .phi.; and the horizontal component 40 of magnetization M' of each
strip times its thickness t.sub.hb must be at least equal to the
horizontal component 42 of magnetization M of MR layer 22' times its
thickness t.sub.MR plus the horizontal component of magnetization of the
soft film layer 52 times its thickness t.sub.SF before the MR layer is
biased by strips 34a', 34b'. Except as hereinafter noted, the thicknesses,
composition, canting angle .phi., and optimum bias angle .theta. should be
within the same ranges as specified for like numbered components in the
embodiment of FIG. 2.
Use of the canted contiguous hard biased strips 34a, 34b enables optimum
bias to be achieved with a soft film bias layer 52 having a thickness that
does not exceed 30% of the thickness of the MR layer 22'. This provides a
soft film layer 52 with a thickness that is approximately one-third that
required without applicants' canted contiguous hard bias configuration.
This reduction in soft film thickness has been found by actual test to
provide a gain in read signal of 30%-50%.
FIG. 6 depicts a plot of actual test results achieved with an MR head 50
having the configuration shown in FIG. 5. This test showed that, with a
track width of only 0.75 .mu.m, MR layer 22' can be adequately biased at
an angle .theta. of approximately 41.degree. by employing the canted
contiguous hard bias strips 34a', 34b' in combination with the soft film
layer 52, and centering the MR layer between the shields 30', 32'. Good
output signals were obtained from the MR head 50 with a current of 10 mA.
Other parameters were:
t.sub.MR =200.ANG.
t.sub.SP =50.ANG.
t.sub.SF =50.ANG.
G.sub.total =0.40 .mu.m
MR layer height H=1.0 .mu.m
Track width W=0.75 .mu.m
4.pi.M.sub.S (MR/SF)=10.sup.4 /8.2.times.10.sup.3 emu/cc
.rho.(MR/SP/SF)=27/190/57 .mu..OMEGA.-cm
For both strips 34a', 34b':
t.sub.HB =500.ANG.
B.sub.R.sup.HB =1.00.times.10.sup.4 G
.phi..sub.HB =72.degree.
It should be noted that the soft film bias layer 52 is only 50.ANG. thick.
one-third the normal 150.ANG. thickness required in sort film biased MR
heads described in prior art known to applicants. This one-third reduction
in thickness of soft bias layer 52 desirably reduces the amount of space
it requires in the gap G, and results in a three-fold increase in its
resistivity which provides a stronger output voltage signal. This
embodiment is preferred for track widths of 1 .mu.m or less. Also, for
this embodiment, the strips 34a', 34b' should make contiguous contact with
the soft film bias layer 52 as well as with the MR layer 22' (and
incidentally with the spacer layer 23' for ease in fabrication) to insure
magnetic stability of the soft film so it will stay in a single domain
state.
The magnetization direction of the high coercivity material in strips 34a,
34b can be canted during magnetic initialization of the MR head or during
fabrication of the MR head, as is known in the art.
It is to be noted that the invention may, if desired, be effectively
applied to magnetic tape storage systems and magneto-optical storage
systems.
While the invention has been shown and described with respect to preferred
embodiments thereof implemented in a magnetic disk storage system, it will
be understood by those skilled in the art that changes in form and detail
may be made without departing from the scope and teaching of the
invention. Accordingly, the magnetic disk storage system and MR read
transducer herein disclosed are to be considered merely as illustrative,
and the invention is to be limited only as specified in the claims.
Top