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United States Patent |
5,598,178
|
Kawamori
|
January 28, 1997
|
Liquid crystal display
Abstract
A liquid crystal display is provided with a dummy-capacity driver for
applying dummy capacities to scanning lines, in accordance with the number
of on-state display elements and the number of off-state display elements
in each scanning line. This arrangement makes it possible to suppress
distortions that tend to appear in a waveform of the driving voltage upon
inversion of the polarity. Thus, it becomes possible to obtain liquid
crystal images of high picture quality with virtually no crosstalk when
displaying any pattern.
Inventors:
|
Kawamori; Hidetsugu (Nara, JP)
|
Assignee:
|
Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha (Osaka, JP)
|
Appl. No.:
|
362144 |
Filed:
|
December 22, 1994 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
Current U.S. Class: |
345/93; 345/58; 345/90; 345/96; 345/100; 345/103 |
Intern'l Class: |
G09G 003/36 |
Field of Search: |
345/93,96,90,103,58,100
|
References Cited
U.S. Patent Documents
4485380 | Nov., 1984 | Soneda et al. | 345/58.
|
4743896 | May., 1988 | Hashimoto et al. | 345/87.
|
4926168 | May., 1990 | Yamamoto et al. | 345/96.
|
5329288 | Jul., 1994 | Kim | 345/63.
|
Foreign Patent Documents |
4-348385 | Dec., 1992 | JP.
| |
Primary Examiner: Hjerpe; Richard
Assistant Examiner: Tran; Vui T.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A liquid crystal display having a plurality of scanning lines to which
scanning voltages are successively applied, a plurality of signal lines to
which signal voltages in accordance with display data are applied in
synchronism with the scanning voltages, and a liquid crystal display
element wherein display elements are formed at intersections between the
scanning lines and the signal lines, the display elements being turned on
and turned off in accordance with driving voltages for the liquid crystal
display while the polarity of the driving voltages for the liquid crystal
display, which are determined by the scanning voltages and the signal
voltages, is inverted at predetermined intervals, the liquid crystal
display comprising:
a dummy-capacity section which has dummy display elements that are formed
at intersections between scanning lines and a plurality of dummy-use
signal lines to which inverted display data is applied; and
dummy-capacity driving means for driving said dummy-capacity section based
on the inverted display data.
2. The liquid crystal display as defined in claim 1, wherein said
dummy-capacity driving means drives said dummy-capacity section in
synchronism with the polarity inversion of the liquid crystal display
driving voltage such that an electric potential of each scanning line is
VY and an electric potential of each signal line is VX, a combined
capacity of the display elements varying from VY<VX to VY>VX being
virtually equal to the combined capacity of the display elements varying
from VY>VX to VY<VX in a load capacity for each scanning line that
consists of capacity of the display elements and the dummy display
elements.
3. The liquid crystal display as defined in claim 1, wherein said
dummy-capacity section adds capacitors of a plurality of kinds to each
scanning line as dummy capacity, a number of the capacitors being smaller
than a total number of the display elements of the scanning line, each
capacitor having an electrostatic capacity greater than that of a display
element.
4. The liquid crystal display as defined in claim 3, wherein said
dummy-capacity driving means comprises:
storing means for storing display data corresponding to one scanning line;
detection means for detecting a number of display elements that are turned
on in each scanning line in accordance with the display data stored in
said storing means; and
means for determining the capacitors to be added to each line in accordance
with the number of display elements detected by said detection means and
for driving the added capacitors.
5. A liquid crystal display comprising:
a liquid crystal display element having a plurality of scanning lines to
which scanning voltages are successively applied and a plurality of signal
lines to which first signal voltages in accordance with display data are
applied in synchronism with the scanning voltages, said liquid crystal
display element being provided with display elements that are formed at
intersections between the scanning lines and the signal lines;
inversion means for inverting the display data;
driving means for driving the display elements so that they are turned on
and turned off in accordance with first liquid crystal driving voltages
while polarity of the first liquid crystal driving voltages are inverted
at predetermined intervals, the first liquid crystal driving voltages
being determined by the scanning voltages and the first signal voltages;
a dummy-capacity section which has dummy display elements that are formed
at intersections between scanning lines and a plurality of dummy-use
signal lines to which second signal voltages are applied in response to
the output of said inverting means in synchronism with the scanning
voltages; and
dummy-capacity driving means for driving the dummy display elements in
accordance with second liquid crystal driving voltages while polarity of
the second liquid crystal driving voltages are inverted at predetermined
intervals, the second liquid crystal driving voltages being determined by
the scanning voltages and the second signal voltages.
6. The liquid crystal display as defined in claim 5, wherein a total number
of the dummy display elements in said dummy-capacity section is equal to a
total number of the display elements in said liquid crystal display
element, an electrostatic capacity of each dummy display element being
equal to that of a display element.
7. A liquid crystal display comprising:
a liquid crystal display element having a plurality of scanning lines to
which scanning voltages are successively applied and a plurality of signal
lines to which first signal voltages in accordance with display data are
applied in synchronism with the scanning voltages, said liquid crystal
display element being provided with display elements that are formed at
intersections between the scanning lines and the signal lines;
driving means for driving the display elements so that they are turned on
and turned off in accordance with first liquid crystal driving voltages
while polarity of the first liquid crystal driving voltages are inverted
at predetermined intervals, the first liquid crystal driving voltages
being determined by the scanning voltages and the first signal voltages;
detection means for detecting a number of display elements that are turned
on in each scanning line;
a dummy-capacity section which has dummy display elements that are formed
at intersections between scanning lines and a plurality of dummy-use
signal lines to which second signal voltages are applied in response to
the number of display elements detected by said detection means in
synchronism with the scanning voltages; and
dummy-capacity driving means for driving the dummy display elements in
accordance with second liquid crystal driving voltages while polarity of
the second liquid crystal driving voltages are inverted at predetermined
intervals, the second liquid crystal driving voltages being determined by
the scanning voltages and the second signal voltages.
8. The liquid crystal display as defined in claim 7, wherein said
dummy-capacity section comprises dummy display elements of a plurality of
kinds, a number of the dummy display elements being smaller than a total
number of the display elements of each scanning line, each dummy display
element having an electrostatic capacity greater than that of a display
element, a sum of the electrostatic capacities of the dummy display
elements in each line being virtually equal to a sum of the electrostatic
capacities of all the display elements in the corresponding scanning line
in said liquid crystal display element.
9. The liquid crystal display as defined in claim 8, wherein said
dummy-capacity driving means further comprises means for determining the
dummy display elements to be added to each line in accordance with the
number of display elements detected by said detection means and for
driving the added dummy display elements.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to liquid crystal displays that are applied
to AV(Audio Visual) apparatuses, OA(Office Automation) apparatuses and
other apparatuses, and in particular concerns, for example, a
simple-matrix-type liquid crystal display having a display screen with a
large capacity.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Recently, with the developments in information society, liquid crystal
displays having a large screen and a large capacity have been widely used.
Among these displays, simple-matrix-type liquid crystal displays, which
have a simple panel construction and are advantageous in terms of costs,
are extensively adopted.
Conventionally, a 1/M-duty simple-matrix-type liquid crystal display with
N.times.M (width.times.length) dots, shown in FIG. 5, is provided with a
liquid crystal display panel 21, a signal-side driver 22 connected to the
signal electrodes of the liquid crystal display panel 21, a scanning-side
driver 23 connected to the scanning electrodes of the liquid crystal
display panel 21, a display-data/timing-generation circuit 24, and a
power-source circuit 25 that generates bias voltages of V0 to V5 for use
in liquid-crystal driving.
The bias voltages V0 to V5 from the power-source circuit 25 are
respectively supplied to transmission gates 22a and 23a (hereinafter,
referred to as TGs) in the signal-side driver 22 and the scanning-side
driver 23. Further, in the signal-side driver 22, the following signals,
released from the display-data/timing-generation circuit 24, are supplied
to respective circuits: a display-data signal DATA and a shift-clock
signal SCK are supplied to a shift register 22c; a scanning clock signal
LP is supplied to a latch circuit 22b; and ac-conversion signals FR are
supplied to the TGs 22a. In the scanning-side driver 23, the following
signals, released from the display-data/timing-generation circuit 24, are
supplied to respective circuits: a scanning-start signal FLM and the
scanning clock signal LP are supplied to a shift register 23b; and the
ac-conversion signals FR are supplied to the TGs 23a.
When these signals are supplied to the signal-side driver 22 as described
above, the TGs 22a release signal voltages Xn in response to the
ac-conversion signals FR and the display-data signal DATA, as is shown in
the following truth table in Table 1.
TABLE 1
______________________________________
FR DATA Xn
______________________________________
0 0 V2
1 0 V3
0 1 V0
1 1 V5
______________________________________
Further, in the scanning-side driver 23, the TGs 23a release scanning
voltages Ym in response to the ac-conversion signals FR and the
scanning-start signal FLM supplied thereto, as is shown in the following
truth table in Table 2.
TABLE 2
______________________________________
FR FLM Ym
______________________________________
0 0 V1
1 0 V4
0 1 V5
1 1 V0
______________________________________
When the signal voltages Xn and the scanning voltages Ym are applied to the
respective electrodes, liquid crystal cells, each located at an
intersection between the signal-side electrode and the scanning-side
electrode, are subjected to the application of driving voltages, each of
which corresponds to a difference between the two voltages Xn and Ym.
In accordance with the voltage-averaging method that is known as a driving
method used for obtaining an optimal visual discernibility in the
above-mentioned simple-matrix-type liquid displays, waveforms of optimal
driving voltages, which are used for displaying a black pattern of
longitudinal lines in the white background as shown in FIG. 6, are shown
in FIGS. 7(a) through 7(e). Moreover, waveforms of optical driving
voltages, which are used for displaying a white pattern of longitudinal
lines in the black background as shown in FIG. 8, are shown in FIGS. 9(a)
through 9(e).
In the above-mentioned figures, FIGS. 7(a) and 9(a) represent the
ac-conversion signals to be applied to the respective TGs 22a and 23a;
solid lines in FIGS. 7(b) and 9(b) represent waveforms of voltages to be
applied to the scanning-side electrodes of Y2, while broken lines therein
represent waveforms of voltages to be applied to the signal-side
electrodes of X2; solid lines in FIGS. 7(c) and 9(c) represent waveforms
of voltages to be applied to the scanning-side electrodes of Y2, while
broken lines therein represent waveforms of voltages to be applied to the
signal-side electrodes of X3; FIGS. 7(d) and 9(d) represent waveforms of
driving voltages of the (X2, Y2) element; and FIGS. 7(e) and 9(e)
represent waveforms of driving voltages of the (X3, Y2) element. Moreover,
in FIG. 6 and FIG. 8, the elements that are indicated by white circles and
white squares are on-state elements for white display, and the elements
that are indicated by black circles and crosses are off-state elements for
black display.
Here, the driving voltage, which is applied across each signal-side
electrode and each scanning-side electrode, is subjected to a polarity
inversion for each scanning operation corresponding to a predetermined
number of lines that is substantially smaller than the number of scanning
lines M (in this case, each scanning operation corresponds to 13 lines);
thus, the number of switchovers of the driving voltage is not completely
dependent on the display pattern.
At this time, assuming that the waveform of the driving voltage of the (X2,
Y2) element shown in FIG. 7(d) is the same as the waveform of the driving
voltage of the (X3, Y2) element shown in FIG. 7(e) in an ideal operation,
the effective voltage in each element is equal to the on-state voltage
(white) that is represented by the following equation:
##EQU1##
Further, assuming that the waveform of the driving voltage of the (X2, Y2)
element shown in FIG. 9(b) is the same as the waveform of the driving
voltage of the (X3, Y2) element shown in FIG. 9(c), the effective voltage
in each element is equal to the off-state voltage (black) that is
represented by the following equation:
##EQU2##
Here, in the above-mentioned equations (1) and (2), Vop represents a
voltage corresponding to the difference between the bias voltages V0 and
V5; M represents the number of scanning lines=1/duty ratio. Further, A
represents a bias coefficient by which a maximum value of V.sub.ON
/V.sub.OFF is obtained when a=M.sup.1/2 +1.
However, in an actual operation in a conventional liquid crystal display,
the waveforms of the driving voltage that are obtained upon displaying a
black pattern of longitudinal lines in the white background are indicated
by FIGS. 10(a) through 10(e). Accordingly, in the display pattern shown in
FIG. 6, the portions that are indicated by the white squares and that are
located on the same signal line as the longitudinal line in the pattern
have brightness that is different from the brightness of the other
background (indicated by white circles in the drawing). Moreover, in an
actual operation, the waveforms of the driving voltage that are obtained
upon displaying a white pattern of longitudinal lines in the black
background are indicated by FIG. 11. Accordingly, in the display pattern
shown in FIG. 8, the portions that are indicated by the crosses have
brightness that is different from the brightness of the other background
(indicated by black circles in the drawing). This phenomenon, wherein
elements having brightness different from that of the background appear on
the same signal line as the longitudinal line in the pattern, is referred
to as a tailing phenomenon.
As indicated by portions enclosed by circles in FIGS. 10 and 11, the
tailing phenomenon is caused by distortions in the waveform of the driving
voltage that occur on the scanning lines when the polarity is inverted. In
other words, in the display pattern of FIG. 6, due to these distortions in
the waveform of the driving voltage, the effective voltages of the (X2,
Y2) element and other elements in the background (indicated by white
circles) become smaller than those obtained by the equation (1), while the
effective voltages of the (X3, Y2) element and other elements in the
background (indicated by white squares), which are located on the same
signal line as the longitudinal line in the pattern, become greater than
those obtained by the equation (1).
Moreover, in the display pattern of FIG. 8, due to these distortions in the
waveform of the driving voltage, the effective voltages of the (X2, Y2)
element and other elements in the background (indicated by black circles)
become smaller than those obtained by the equation (2), while the
effective voltages of the (X3, Y2) element and other elements in the
background (indicated by crosses), which are located on the same signal
line as the longitudinal line in the pattern, become greater than those
obtained by the equation (2). In display elements of the negative type
wherein on-state elements are displayed as white color, the transmittance
commonly becomes higher as the effective voltage increases; therefore, the
transmittance of each element is represented by: white square>white
circle, and cross>black circle. This phenomenon is recognized as the
tailing phenomenon.
The tailing phenomenon, which occurs as described above, is called
crosstalk. The crosstalk gives rise to a serious problem to be addressed
in the simple-matrix-type liquid crystal display since it extremely lowers
the picture quality.
Referring to FIGS. 12 and 13, the following description will discuss a
mechanism as to how the distortions occur in the waveform in the voltage
to be applied to the scanning lines, upon inversion of the polarity.
In CR-load models as shown in FIGS. 12(a) and 12(b), it is conventionally
well known that when the voltage to be applied to one terminal (A) of C is
switched from +VB to -VB or from -VB to +VB, a differential waveform,
indicated by each equation in each direction in the drawing, is exerted in
the other terminal (B) of C due to the transient phenomenon.
Assuming that the V1 and V4 levels (voltages on the scanning lines that are
not selected) are the relative ground level (0 V) and that the signal-line
side corresponds to the input terminal, the circuit network, which is made
in the liquid crystal display and which starts from the signal-side driver
22 and reaches the V1 and V4 lines (the ground level) through the display
elements (C) and the scanning-line electrodes resistors together with the
ON resistors (R) in the scanning-side drivers 23, is identical to the
models shown in FIGS. 12(a) and 12(b).
FIGS. 13(a) and 13(b) show circuit network models, each of which shows some
of the elements on the Y2 line in the case of displaying a black pattern
in the longitudinal lines in the white background and a differential
waveform that is exerted on the Y2 line upon inversion of the polarity.
These differential waveforms correspond to the portions enclosed by the
circles in FIG. 10. Further, the same explanation is given as to the
distortions that are caused upon inversion of the polarity in the case
when a white pattern in the longitudinal lines is displayed in the black
background.
In the models of FIGS. 12(a) and 12(b), the differential waveforms, which
have different directions due to the different switching directions,
assume analogous waveforms. Therefore, in the models having a plurality of
parallel capacity loads as shown in FIGS. 13(a) and 13(b), supposing that
Vop and R are constant, the voltage on the scanning-line side is VY, and
the voltage on the signal-line side is VX; it is found that the difference
C.sub.X between the combined capacity value C.sub.ON of the elements that
vary from VY<VX to VY>VX and the combined capacity value C.sub.OFF of the
elements that vary from VY>VX to VY<VX will constitute a factor that
determines the effective voltage and direction of the differential
waveform.
Here, supposing that the capacity equivalent to one dot of the display
element is represented by C, C.sub.X =(N-2).multidot.C holds in the case
of the above-mentioned display pattern, since C.sub.ON =(N-1).multidot.C,
as well as C.sub.OFF =C, holds. Therefore, in conventional liquid crystal
displays, crosstalk tends to occur in such a display pattern as C.sub.X
has a great value.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an objective of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal
display which is capable of displaying images of high quality with
virtually no crosstalk in displaying any pattern, by minimizing the
difference C.sub.X between the combined capacity value C.sub.ON of the
elements that vary from VY<VX to VY>VX and the combined capacity value
C.sub.OFF of the elements that vary from VY>VX to VY<VX, in the case where
the voltage on the scanning-line side is represented by VY and the voltage
on the signal-line side is represented by VX.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned objective, the liquid crystal
display of the present invention is provided with: a plurality of scanning
lines to which scanning voltages are successively applied; a plurality of
signal lines to which signal voltages in accordance with display data are
applied in synchronism with the scanning voltages; and a liquid crystal
display element wherein display elements are formed at intersections
between the scanning lines and the signal lines. In the liquid crystal
display, the display elements are turned on and turned off in accordance
with driving voltages for the liquid crystal while the polarity of the
driving voltages for the liquid crystal, which are determined by the
scanning voltages and the signal voltages, is inverted in predetermined
intervals, and a dummy-capacity driver, which adds to each scanning line a
dummy capacity corresponding to the number of the on-state display
elements and the number of the off-state display elements in the scanning
line, is installed.
Supposing that the electric potential of the scanning voltage to be applied
to the scanning-line side is VY and that the electric potential of the
signal voltage to be applied to the signal-line side is VX, it is
preferable to drive the dummy capacity in synchronism with the polarity
inversion of the liquid crystal driving voltage so that in the load
capacity for each scanning line that consists of the capacity of the
display element and the dummy capacity, the capacity value that varies
from VY<VX to VY>VX is virtually equal to the capacity value that varies
from VY>VX to VY<VX.
In the above-mentioned arrangement, the liquid crystal display is provided
with the dummy-capacity driver that adds to each scanning line the dummy
capacity corresponding to the number of the on-state display elements and
the number of the off-state display elements in each scanning line. In
accordance with the number of the on-state display elements and the number
of the off-state display elements in each scanning line, the
dummy-capacity driver adds the dummy capacity to each scanning line; this
makes it possible to suppress distortions that occur in the waveform of
the voltage to be applied to each scanning line upon inversion of the
polarity. Here, for example, supposing that the electric potential of the
scanning voltage to be applied to the scanning-line side is VY and that
the electric potential of the signal voltage to be applied to the
signal-line side is VX, the dummy capacity is applied in synchronism with
the polarity inversion of the liquid crystal driving voltage so that in
the load capacity for each scanning line that consists of the capacity of
the display element and the dummy capacity, the capacity value that varies
from VY<VX to VY>VX is virtually equal to the capacity value that varies
from VY>VX to VY<VX. Therefore, it is possible to provide liquid crystal
images in high picture quality with virtually no crosstalk in displaying
any pattern.
For a fuller understanding of the nature and advantages of the invention,
reference should be made to the ensuing detailed description taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic construction of a liquid
crystal display in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration showing one example of a display pattern
in the liquid crystal display of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing another example of a display
pattern in the liquid crystal display of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a schematic construction of a liquid
crystal display in another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a schematic construction of a
conventional liquid crystal display.
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration showing one example of a display pattern
in the conventional liquid crystal display.
FIGS. 7(a) through 7(e) are waveform drawings that show optimal signal
waveforms in the case of displaying the pattern shown in FIG. 6.
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration showing one example of a display pattern
in the conventional liquid crystal display.
FIGS. 9(a) through 9(e) are waveform drawings that show optimal signal
waveforms in the case of displaying the pattern shown in FIG. 8.
FIGS. 10(a) through 10(e) are waveform drawings that show actual signal
waveforms in the case of displaying the pattern shown in FIG. 6.
FIGS. 11(a) through 11(e) are waveform drawings that show actual signal
waveforms in the case of displaying the pattern shown in FIG. 8.
FIGS. 12(a) and 12(b) are circuit diagrams that are obtained from the
conventional liquid crystal display as a model.
FIGS. 13(a) and 13(b) are circuit diagrams that are obtained from the
scanning lines of the liquid crystal display as a model.
DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIGS. 1 through 3, the following description will discuss one
embodiment of the present invention.
The liquid crystal display of the present embodiment is provided with a
liquid crystal display element wherein the first substrate having
signal-side electrodes formed thereon and the second substrate having
scanning-side electrodes formed thereon are aligned face to face with a
liquid crystal layer located in between. This liquid crystal display
element is of the 1/M-duty simple-matrix-type with N.times.M
(width.times.length) dots. As illustrated in FIG. 1, in the liquid crystal
display element, an image display section 1 and a dummy capacity section 5
are formed on the same substrate close to each other. On the first
substrate, the total 2N lines of signal-side electrodes are formed, that
is, 1N lines for image-display use and 1N lines for dummy-capacity use are
formed. On the second substrate, M lines of scanning-side electrodes,
which are commonly used for the image display section 1 and the dummy
capacity section 5, are formed.
The liquid crystal display of the present embodiment is further provided
with: a signal-side driver 2 that is connected to the signal-side
electrodes of the image display section 1; a dummy capacity driver 6 that
is connected to the signal-side electrodes of the dummy capacity section
5; a scanning-side driver 3 that is connected to the scanning-side
electrodes; and a display-data/timing-generation circuit 4 that supplies
various signals to the signal-side driver 2, the scanning-side driver 3
and the dummy capacity driver 6.
The signal-side driver 2 is constituted of: a shift register 2a whereto a
display data signal DATA and a shift clock signal SCK, both released from
the display-data/timing-generation circuit 4, are inputted; a latch
circuit 2b whereto a scanning clock signal LP, released from the
display-data/timing-generation circuit 4, is inputted; and a plurality of
transmission gates 2c (hereinafter, referred to as TGs) whereto an
ac-conversion signal FR, released from the display-data/timing-generation
circuit 4, and bias voltages V0, V2, V3, and V5, supplied from a power
source circuit not shown, are inputted. Moreover, the scanning-side driver
3 is constituted of: a shift register 3a whereto a scanning-start signal
FLM and the scanning clock LP, both released from the
display-data/timing-generation circuit 4, are inputted; and a plurality of
TGs 3b whereto the ac-conversion signal FR, released from the
display-data/timing-generation circuit 4, and bias voltages V0, V1, V4,
and V5, supplied from the power source circuit, are inputted.
Furthermore, the dummy-capacity driver 6 is provided with a shift register
6a, a latch circuit 6b and a plurality of TGs 6c, in the same manner as
the signal-side driver 2. Before the shift register 6a, is installed an
inverter circuit 7 which inverts the display data signal DATA released
from the display-data/timing-generation circuit 4 and inputs it to the
shift register 6a. Thus, various signals are inputted to the dummy
capacity driver 6 in a parallel relationship with the signal-side driver
2; however, the display data signal DATA inputted to the dummy capacity
driver 6 has an inverted relationship with the display data signal DATA
inputted to the signal-side driver 2.
In the above-mentioned arrangement, when the display data signal DATA has
been accumulated in the shift register 2a inside the signal-side driver 2
by an amount corresponding to one scanning line, the display data signal
DATA thus shifted is released to the TGs 2c in response to the scanning
clock signal LP. The TGs 2c release signal voltages to the signal-side
electrodes in the image display section 1 all at once in a parallel
manner, in accordance with the display-data signal DATA and the
ac-conversion signal FR that have been inputted thereto. In the
scanning-side driver 3, the scanning-start signal FLM is released from the
shift register 3a to the TGs 3b in response to the scanning clock signal
LP, and the TGs 3b successively release scanning voltages to the
scanning-side electrodes in accordance with the scanning-start signal FLM
and the ac-conversion FR inputted thereto.
Thus, in the image display section 1, driving voltages, each corresponding
to the difference between the signal voltage and the scanning voltage that
have been applied to the respective signal-side electrode and
scanning-side electrode, are exerted, and liquid crystal cells, which are
formed at the intersections at the respective electrodes, are driven,
thereby displaying images that correspond to the display data signal DATA.
Moreover, the dummy-capacity driver 6, installed in the liquid crystal
display in the present embodiment, also applies signal voltages to the
signal-side electrodes in the dummy-capacity section 5 in the same manner
as the signal-side driver 2. As described earlier, the display data signal
DATA, which has an inverted relationship with the display data signal DATA
that has been inputted to the signal-side driver 2, is inputted to the
dummy-capacity driver 6 by the inverter circuit 7.
Consequently, the dummy-capacity driver 6 applies signal voltages to the
dummy capacity section 5 such that images, which are inverted to the
images on the image display section 1 in black and white, are displayed,
for example, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3; thus, the dummy capacities, each
having virtually the same capacity as one dot of the display element 1,
are applied to each scanning line. The number of the dummy capacities
coincides with that of the display elements. Here, FIG. 2 exemplifies a
case where a black pattern in longitudinal lines is displayed in the white
background, and FIG. 3 exemplifies a case where a white pattern in
longitudinal lines is displayed in the black background.
Therefore, in both of the cases of FIGS. 2 and 3, the dummy capacities are
applied to each scanning line in accordance with the number of on-state
elements (lighted elements) and the number of off-state elements
(extinguished elements) in the image display section 1. With this
arrangement, supposing that the electric potential on the scanning-line
side is VY and the electric potential on the signal-line side is VX, the
combined capacity value C.sub.ON of the elements wherein the relationship
of VY and VX varies from VY<VX to VY>VX upon inversion of the polarity and
the combined capacity value C.sub.OFF of the elements wherein the
relationship varies from VY>VX to VY<VX are made virtually equal to each
other. Thus, .linevert split.C.sub.ON -C.sub.OFF .linevert
split..congruent.0 is achieved for each scanning line independent of
displayed patterns.
As described earlier, .linevert split.C.sub.ON -C.sub.OFF .linevert split.
forms a factor that determines the effective voltage and direction of the
distortions (differential waveform) that occur in the waveform of the
voltage that is applied to each scanning line, upon inversion of the
polarity. Therefore, the dummy capacities that are obtained in accordance
with a display state are applied to the respective scanning lines by using
the dummy-capacity driver 6 and the inverter circuit 7; this makes it
possible to bring the value of .linevert split.C.sub.ON -C.sub.OFF
.linevert split. close to zero, thereby reducing crosstalk and providing
liquid crystal images with high picture quality.
Referring to FIG. 4, the following description will discuss another
embodiment of the present invention. Here, for convenience of explanation,
those members that have the same functions and that are described in the
aforementioned embodiment by reference to the drawings thereof are
indicated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof is
omitted.
As illustrated in FIG. 4, the liquid crystal display of the present
embodiment is provided with a dummy-capacity section 10 that has
signal-side electrodes of 4 lines and that is formed close to the image
display section 1, in the same manner as the liquid crystal display in
accordance with embodiment 1. In the liquid crystal display of the present
embodiment, dummy capacities, each having a per-element capacity that is
greater than the capacity of one dot of each display element, are applied.
The number of the dummy capacities is smaller than that of the display
elements (4 lines in this embodiment), and the dummy-capacity section 10
is driven by a dummy-capacity driver 11 having a plurality of TGs 11d,
which has the same construction as the signal-side driver 2 in the image
display section 1.
The dummy-capacity driver 11, which applies the dummy capacities to the
dummy capacity section 10, is provided with: a counter 11a whereto the
display data signal DATA, the shift clock signal SCK, the scanning clock
signal LP, all of which are released from the
display-data/timing-generation circuit 4, are inputted; a decoder 11b for
determining the dummy capacities to be applied in accordance with the
output of the counter 11a; a latch circuit 11c whereto the scanning clock
signal LP, released from the display-data/timing-generation circuit 4, is
inputted; and a plurality of TGs 11d whereto the ac-conversion signal FR,
released from the display-data/timing-generation circuit 4, and bias
voltages V0, V2, V3, and V5, supplied from the power source circuit not
shown, are inputted.
Moreover, the display data signal DATA is inputted to the dummy-capacity
driver 11 in a parallel relationship with the signal-side driver 2. In the
dummy-capacity driver 11, after the counter 11a has calculated how many
dots of on-state display data have been inputted among all the N dots in
one line, weights are applied to results of the calculation by the decoder
11b, and the resulting weighted data are inputted to the TGs 11d through
the latch circuit 11c.
For example, supposing that N.sub.ON -pieces of on-state display data are
inputted to a scanning line including a total of 120 dots, that the
capacity corresponding to one dot of the display element is C, and that
the dummy-capacity values in the dummy capacity section 10, each
corresponding to one element, are respectively 64C for D1 line, 32C for D2
line, 16C for D3 line and 8C for D4 line, the decoder circuit 11b provides
outputs of 4 bits that are weighted in accordance with the number of
N.sub.ON, as is shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
______________________________________
CD.sub.ON = C.sub.ON
N.sub.ON
(Dummy Sec) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
______________________________________
113-120 8C OFF OFF OFF ON
105-112 16C OFF OFF ON OFF
97-104 24C OFF OFF ON ON
89-96 32C OFF ON OFF OFF
81-88 40C OFF ON OFF ON
73-80 48C OFF ON ON OFF
65-72 56C OFF ON ON ON
57-64 64C ON OFF OFF OFF
49-56 72C ON OFF OFF ON
41-48 80C ON OFF ON OFF
33-40 88C ON OFF ON ON
25-32 96C ON ON OFF OFF
17-24 104C ON ON OFF ON
9-16 112C ON ON ON OFF
0-8 120C ON ON ON ON
______________________________________
In this case, the following equations hold:
C.sub.ON =N.sub.ON .multidot.C+CD.sub.ON, and
C.sub.OFF =(120-N.sub.ON).multidot.C+(64C+32C+16C+8C-CD.sub.ON)
=240C-C.sub.ON.
Therefore, whatever value N.sub.ON may take, C.sub.ON and C.sub.OFF have
virtually the same value; this makes it possible to achieve .linevert
split.C.sub.ON -C.sub.OFF .linevert split..congruent.0 for each scanning
line.
In the above-mentioned arrangement, the dummy-capacity driver 11 is
installed so that dummy capacities, each having a per-element capacity
that is greater than the capacity of one dot of each display element, are
applied not as many as the number of the display elements. Therefore, it
is possible to suppress distortions that occur in the waveform of the
voltage to be applied to each scanning line upon inversion of the
polarity. Consequently, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display
having high picture quality with virtually no crosstalk, independent of
patterns to be displayed.
Additionally, in the first and second embodiments, the following dielectric
materials may be adopted to form the dummy capacity section in addition to
liquid crystal: ceramics, barium titanate, mica, glass, polyester and
other materials.
As described above, the liquid crystal display of the present invention is
provided with the dummy-capacity driver for applying dummy capacities to
scanning lines, in accordance with the number of on-state display elements
and the number of off-state display elements in each scanning line. In
this case, supposing that the electric potential applied to the
scanning-line side is VY and the electric potential applied to the
signal-line side is VX, the dummy-capacity driver drives the dummy
capacity in synchronism with the polarity inversion of the liquid crystal
driving voltage so that in the load capacity for each scanning line that
consists of the capacity of the display element and the dummy capacity,
the capacity value that varies from VY<VX to VY>VX is virtually equal to
the capacity value that varies from VY>VX to VY<VX.
Therefore, the effects obtained by the arrangement are that distortions
that tend to occur in the waveform of the voltage to be applied to each
scanning line upon inversion of the polarity are suppressed, and that
liquid crystal images having high picture quality with virtually no
crosstalk are thus obtained in displaying any pattern.
The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be
varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure
from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as
would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included
within the scope of the following claims.
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