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United States Patent |
5,587,569
|
Mohtasham
|
December 24, 1996
|
Safety switch assemblies
Abstract
A safety switch assembly for fitting to a safety enclosure. The switch
includes a rotatable cam which operates electrical contacts. An actuator
is insertable into the switch housing through either of two apertures to
engage locking members. The locking members move in a rectilinear
direction perpendicular to the cam axis away from the actuator and our of
locking engagement with the cam. Ears on the actuator then engage in
pockets in the cam and rotate the cam which causes movement of the
electrical contacts to the ON position. Each locking member comprises a
pair of locking components one of which is slidable on the other and both
of which define elongate slots through which a cam shaft extends. The
slots are inclined such that when the actuator pushes either one of the
components away from a first aperture the other component is forced to
move away from the other aperture.
Inventors:
|
Mohtasham; Mehdi (Wigan, GB)
|
Assignee:
|
E. J. A. Engineering PLC (Wigan, GB)
|
Appl. No.:
|
256262 |
Filed:
|
June 24, 1994 |
PCT Filed:
|
May 28, 1993
|
PCT NO:
|
PCT/GB93/01135
|
371 Date:
|
June 24, 1994
|
102(e) Date:
|
June 24, 1994
|
PCT PUB.NO.:
|
WO93/24947 |
PCT PUB. Date:
|
December 9, 1993 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
| Jun 02, 1992[GB] | 9211603 |
| Nov 12, 1992[GB] | 9223751 |
Current U.S. Class: |
200/17R; 200/43.07; 200/61.62 |
Intern'l Class: |
H01H 003/16 |
Field of Search: |
200/17 R,43.01,43.04-43.09,50 R,50 A,61.62
|
References Cited
U.S. Patent Documents
3205320 | Sep., 1965 | Soscia | 200/44.
|
4395608 | Jul., 1983 | Eicker et al. | 200/153.
|
4524251 | Jun., 1985 | Schulz | 200/42.
|
4658102 | Apr., 1987 | Seim et al. | 200/17.
|
4963706 | Oct., 1990 | Mohtasham | 200/334.
|
Foreign Patent Documents |
2425898 | Dec., 1975 | DE | .
|
7627192 | Dec., 1976 | DE | .
|
3302631 | Aug., 1984 | DE | .
|
217600 | Jan., 1985 | DE | .
|
3444325 | Jun., 1986 | DE | .
|
3806189 | Sep., 1989 | DE | .
|
8120397 | Jul., 1991 | DE | .
|
4039652 | Mar., 1992 | DE | .
|
9008396 | Jul., 1990 | WO | .
|
9110247 | Jul., 1991 | WO | .
|
Other References
German Patent Search Report, Appl. No. G 93 08 260.6.
Search report dated Aug. 25, 1994, PCT application Ser. No. PCT/GB93/01135,
filed May 28, 1993.
|
Primary Examiner: Brown; Brian W.
Assistant Examiner: Friedhofer; Michael A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Loeb & Loeb LLP
Claims
I claim:
1. A safety switch, comprising:
a housing containing electrical contacts movable between a power supply off
position and a power supply on position by rotation of an actuating cam
also contained within the housing and rotatable about a predetermined axis
by an actuator of a predetermined shape insertable into the housing,
at least one locking member mounted for movement in a direction
substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the actuating cam,
the at least one locking member being resiliently urged towards a position
in which the at least one locking member locks the actuating cam against
rotation and consequent movement of the electrical contacts to the power
supply on position,
the housing defining first and second apertures through which the actuator
is insertable, the actuator when inserted into each of the apertures
engages the at least one locking member and displaces the at least one
locking member away from a path of movement of the actuator into a
position in which the actuating cam is free to rotate relative to the
housing, and engages and rotates the cam to cause movement of the
electrical contacts to the power supply on position,
the at least one locking member comprising first and second slidably
interengaged components, the first and second components defining
interengaging surfaces configured such that displacement of the first
component in a first direction causes the second component to be displaced
in a second direction and displacement of the second component in the
second direction causes the first component to be displaced in the first
direction,
the actuator being configured such that when inserted through the first
aperture the actuator pushes the first component in the first direction
and when inserted through the second aperture the actuator pushes the
second component in the second direction.
2. The safety switch of claim 1, wherein the at least one locking member is
slidably mounted on tracks defined by the housing.
3. The safety switch of claim 1, wherein the actuating cam is caused to
rotate in a common direction by insertion of the actuator through the
first aperture and insertion of the actuator through the second aperture.
4. The safety switch of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second
locking member components defines an elongate slot through which a shaft
mounted on the housing extends, the slots being mutually inclined and each
slot defining a relative direction in which the locking member component
is forced to move.
5. The safety switch of claim 4, wherein the first locking member component
is slidable relative to the housing in a first direction, the second
locking member component is slidable relative to the first locking member
component in a second direction, the first and second directions being
substantially mutually perpendicular, and wherein the slots are mutually
inclined at an angle of approximately 45.degree..
6. The safety switch of claim 1, wherein the first locking member component
is biased by a compression spring bearing against a wall of the housing
towards a position in which the first locking member component engages and
locks the actuating cam against rotation.
7. The safety switch of claim 1, wherein the actuating cam defines at least
one abutment surface which is engageable by the at least one locking
member and acts on a plunger which is movable to control the electrical
contacts.
8. The safety switch of claim 7, wherein the actuating cam defines an
arcuate slot in which a pin mounted on the plunger is received, rotation
of the cam causing the pin to slide along the arcuate slot thereby to
cause a displacement of the plunger.
9. The safety switch of claim 7, wherein the actuating cam defines a
peripheral cam surface against which the plunger is spring biased.
10. The safety switch of claim 7, wherein the actuating cam defines at
least one cut-out in a peripheral surface on the cam adjacent each
aperture through which the actuator may be inserted into the housing, the
actuator engaging the at least one cut-out when inserted into the housing
to thereby cause rotation of the cam from an initial position, and the at
least one cut-out being shaped such that withdrawal of the actuating
member from the housing returns the cam to an initial position.
11. The safety switch of claim 7, wherein the at least one cut-out is
divided by a partition wall extending to the peripheral surface of the
cam, whereby the actuator is prevented from being engaged in the at least
one cut-out unless the actuator is provided with a slot to receive the
partition wall.
12. The safety switch of claim 1, wherein the actuating cam and the at
least one locking member are supported in a first part of the housing
which is mounted on a second part of the housing that receives the
electrical contacts, the first part of the housing being mountable in a
plurality of positions on the second part to enable selective positioning
of the aperture relative to the second part of the housing.
13. A safety switch, comprising:
a housing containing electrical contacts movable between a power supply off
position and a power supply on position by rotation of an actuating cam
also contained within the housing and adapted to be rotated about a
predetermined axis by an actuator of a predetermined shape insertable into
the housing,
at least one locking member mounted within the housing for movement in a
direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the actuating cam, the
at least one locking member being resiliently urged towards engagement
with the actuating cam to prevent rotation thereof and consequent movement
of the electrical contacts to the power supply on position,
the actuator being shaped such that when inserted into the housing the
actuator engages and displaces the at least one locking member away from
the path of movement of the actuator and out of engagement with the
actuating cam and engages and rotates the cam to cause movement of the
electrical contacts to the power supply ON position,
the housing defining two apertures through which the actuator is insertable
to contact the at least one locking member and the actuating cam, the two
apertures opening in mutually perpendicular directions,
the at least one locking member comprising a first component slidably
mounted on the housing and a second component slidably mounted on the
first component, the first and second components being arranged such that
insertion of the actuator through one aperture causes the actuator to
contact one component whereas insertion of the actuator through the other
aperture causes the actuator to contact the other component.
14. The safety switch of claim 13, wherein the first component and the
second component each define an elongate slot through which a shaft
mounted on the housing extends, the slot defined in the first component
and the slot defined in the second component being mutually inclined, the
slot in the first component defining a direction in which the first
component is forced to move relative to the housing, the slot in the
second component defining a direction in which the second component is
forced to move relative to the housing.
15. A safety switch according to claim 14, wherein the second locking
member component is slidable relative to the first component in a
direction perpendicular to the direction in which the first component is
slidable relative to the housing, and the slots are inclined at an angle
of 45.degree. to each other.
16. A safety switch according to claim 13, wherein the first locking member
component is spring biased by a compression spring bearing against a wall
of the housing towards a position in which the first component engages and
locks the actuating cam against rotation.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to safety switch assemblies used especially but not
exclusively in machinery guards enclosing kinetic machinery.
Known safety switch assemblies comprise a safety switch adapted to be
fitted to an enclosure and an actuator adapted to be fitted to a door,
gate or protective cover of the enclosure and insertable into the safety
switch to turn ON the electrical power supply when the enclosure is closed
by the door, gate or protective cover.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Known safety switches comprise within a housing normally-open contacts, one
set fixed, and the other movable and carried by an axially-movable push
rod spring-loaded to maintain the sets of contacts apart and the power
supply consequently OFF.
The axially-movable push rod is connected to a rotatable cam of a cam
arrangement normally disposed to prevent cam rotation and consequently to
secure the push rod in a power supply OFF position but which is operable
by the actuator to cause cam rotation and axial movement of the push rod
to a power supply ON position.
Cam arrangements are known in which the rotatable cam prevented from
rotating by a releasable connection between the cam and a non-rotatable
locking element, rotation of the cam and consequent axial movement of the
push rod from the OFF position to the ON position being effected by the
actuator engaging the rotatable cam either to move the cam axially along
its axis of rotation to release the connection between the rotatable cam
and non-rotatable locking element, or to move the latter axially along a
shaft defining the axis of rotation of the cam to release the connection
with the cam.
These known cam arrangements are vulnerable to loss of free axial movement
of the cam or the locking element along the cam shaft due to the
accumulation of dust and grease between the latter and the cam or the
locking element which may inhibit their axial displacement by the actuator
or their return to the locked position upon withdrawal of the actuator.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved switch
assembly.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the present invention there is provided a safety switch
comprising a housing containing electrical contacts movable from a power
supply OFF position to a power supply ON position by rotation of an
actuating cam also contained within the housing and adapted to be rotated
about a predetermined axis by an actuator of a predetermined shape
insertable into the housing, wherein at least one locking member is
mounted within the housing for movement in a direction perpendicular to
the axis of rotation of the actuating cam, and the or each locking member
is resiliently urged towards engagement with the actuating cam to prevent
rotation thereof and consequent movement of the electrical contacts to the
power supply ON position, the actuator being shaped such that when
inserted into the housing it engages and displaces the or each locking
member away from the path of movement of the actuator and out engagement
with the actuating cam, and engages and rotates the cam to cause movement
of the electrical contacts to the power supply ON position.
Preferably there are two locking members each slidably mounted on tracks
defined by the housing. The housing may define two apertures through which
the actuator is insertable to contact the locking members and the
actuating cam, the two apertures opening in mutually perpendicular
directions.
The actuating cam is preferably arranged so as to rotate in the same
direction as the result of insertion of the actuator through either
aperture. Preferably each locking member comprises a first component
slidably mounted on the housing and a second component slidably mounted on
the first, the first and second components being arranged such that
insertion of the actuator through one aperture causes it to contact one
component whereas insertion of the actuator through the other aperture
causes it to contact the other component. Each locking member component
may define an elongate slot through which a shaft mounted on the housing
extends, the slots being mutually inclined and defining the respective
directions in which the respective components are forced to move relative
to the housing. The second locking member component may be slidable
relative to the first component in a direction perpendicular to the
direction in which the first component is slidable relative to the
housing, and the slots are inclined at an angle of 45.degree. to each
other. The first locking member component may be spring biased by a
compression spring bearing against a wall of the housing towards a
position in which it engages and locks the actuating cam against rotation.
Preferably the actuating cam defines at least one abutment surface which is
engageable by the or each locking member and acts on a plunger which is
movable to control the electrical contacts. The actuating cam may define
an arcuate slot in which a pin mounted on the plunger is received,
rotation of the cam causing the pin to slide along the arcuate slot
thereby to cause the displacement of the plunger. Alternatively the
actuating cam may define a peripheral cam surface against which the
plunger is spring biased.
Preferably the actuating cam defines cut-outs in its peripheral surface
adjacent each aperture through which the actuator may be inserted into the
housing, the actuator engaging in a cut-out when inserted into the housing
to thereby cause rotation of the cam from an initial position, and the
cut-outs being shaped such that withdrawal of the actuating member from
the housing returns the cam to the initial position. Each cut-out may be
divided by a partition wall extending to the periphery of the cam to
prevent an actuator being engaged in a cut-out unless that actuator is
provided with a slot to receive the partition wall. Preferably the
actuating cam and the locking members are supported in a first part of the
housing which is mounted on a second part of the housing that receives the
electrical contacts, the first part of the housing being mountable in a
plurality of positions on the second part to enable the selective
positioning of the aperture relative to the second part of the housing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of
example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a front view of a safety switch in accordance with a first
embodiment of the invention, the switch being open to show the electrical
contact/actuating cam/locking members arrangement of the safety switch;.
FIG. 2 is a partial sectional side view on the lines II--II of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an end view on the lines III--III of FIG. 1;
FIGS. 4A to 4D show plan and side elevations of a locking block
incorporated in the switch of FIG. 1;
FIGS. 5A to 5C show plan and side elevations of a sliding block
incorporated in the switch of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 shows an actuator for the switch of FIG. 1;
FIGS. 7 and 8 are diagrammatic views illustrating the operation of the
safety switch of FIG. 1;
FIG. 9 is a view of a safety switch in accordance with a second embodiment
of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a sectioned view of an upper section of the safety switch of
FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is an end view of the safety switch of FIG. 9;
FIG. 12 is a sectioned view along line 12--12 of FIG. 11;
FIG. 13 is a sectioned view along line 13--13 of FIG. 12;
FIG. 14 is a part sectioned view of a push rod of the safety switch of FIG.
9;
FIG. 15 is a side view of an actuator cam of the safety switch of FIG. 9;
FIGS. 16A, 16B and 16C show three views of a sliding block of the safety
switch of FIG. 9; and
FIGS. 17A, 17B, 17C and 17D show four views of a locking block of the
safety switch of FIG. 9.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The safety switch assemblies described below comprise a switch which
contains an electrical contact arrangement, an operating cam arrangement
which is mounted on the switch, a connecting arrangement which
interconnects the switch and operating cam, and an actuator which
operationally cooperates with the cam to actuate the safety switch.
In the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 8, the safety switch has a glass reinforced
nylon casing 10 which is self-extinguishing. The casing 10 defines an
electrical contact compartment 11 at one end and, at its other end, has
two parallel laterally-spaced walls 12 for mounting the cam arrangement
which is described in detail below.
The contact compartment 11 is open to the front of the casing 10 and is
closed by a faceplate 13 with an intervening gasket (not shown), both
removable to permit access to the contact arrangement also to be described
later.
The faceplate 13 is secured in position on the casing 10 by a positioning
tongue 14 at one end of the faceplate 13 engageable in a slot, and screws
15 engageable at the other end of the faceplate 13 in complementary screw
holes in the casing 10.
Three conduit entry ports 20 to 22 are provided for passage of a conduited
electrical cable (not shown) into the contact compartment 11 for
securement to the contact arrangement. Conduit entry ports 20 and 21 are
disposed one at each side of the casing 10 while the conduit entry port 22
is disposed at what for convenience will be called hereinafter the top of
the casing 10. Each entry port 20 to 22 is normally closed by a plug, a
selected one of which is removed to provide an entry into the safety
switch casing 10 for the conduited electrical cable.
The contact arrangement comprises one set of double positive break,
normally-open safety contacts 23, 24 and one set of double positive break,
normally-closed auxiliary contacts 25, 26. The contacts 23 and 26 are
fixed in position and are provided with wire conductor clamps 27 and 28
provided with locking screws 29 and 30. The sets of contacts 23, 24 and
25, 26 are axially-spaced relative to a hollow central rod 31 and the
pairs of contacts 23, 24 and 25, 26 of each set are transversely spaced to
opposite sides of the rod 31. Thus, at each side of the rod 31 is a pair
of contacts 23, 24 and a pair of contacts 25, 26.
The rod 31 is axially slotted at two diametrically opposed locations 32
between the fixed contacts 23 and 26. The contact pairs 24 and 25 are
mounted on bridges which extend through the slots 32. The contacts 24, 24
are connected by a bridge 33 and the contacts 25, 25 are similarly
connected by a bridge 34 and a spring acts on the bridges 33, 34 to ensure
electrical contact between contacts 23 and 24 or contacts 25 and 26
depending upon the operational mode of the safety switch.
A compression spring 36 surrounds a spring retainer sleeve 37 and acts
between a fixed horizontal wall 38 of the casing 10 and a boss or plate 39
integral with the bottom of the rod 31 to urge the latter downwards and
the contacts 23, 24 and 25, 26 into their normal open and closed
positions. The integral boss or plate 39 is provided with an integral
T-shaped formation 40, the stem 41 of the latter pointing to the bottom of
the safety switch and the cam assembly mounted thereon.
The making of contacts 23, 24 and the breaking of contacts 25, 26 and vice
versa, is effected by the axial push rod 31 and associated compression
spring 36, and the cam arrangement to which the push rod 31 is connected
as later described.
Before describing the cam arrangement in detail reference is firstly made
to the laterally-spaced apertured walls 12. Each apertured wall 12 has on
its outer face locating slots which releasably receive ribs 42 mounted on
an apertured end cap 43. Fixed to opposed ends of each wall 12, at right
angles thereto, are fore-and-aft filler plates 44, 44A which are T-shaped
in section.
The cam arrangement comprises an actuator cam 45 mounted on a shaft 46
supported at its ends in the apertures in the walls 12, which shaft
extends through a central hole 47 in the actuator cam 45. The actuator cam
45 is generally of circular configuration, and is rotatable about the
shaft 46. The actuator cam 45 is split around an angle of approximately
ninety degrees to define a forked configuration 48, the fork defining two
parallel limbs that are perpendicular to the axis of the hole 47 and are
bridged by a pin 49 extending through arcuate cam slots 50 formed in the
fork limbs.
The pin 49 is fixed in the stem 41, projecting from both sides thereof
through the arcuate cam slots 50 and resting normally in a depression 51
at one end of each arcuate cam slot 50. The pin 49 acts as a cam follower
pin.
The actuator cam 45 is cut away adjacent the forked configuration 48 to
provide a flat inclined surface 52 and two stepped abutment surfaces 53,
one on each side of the fork.
In the lower half of the actuator cam 45 there is formed a pair of radial
cut-outs or pockets 56, 57 open to the periphery of the actuator cam 45,
extending inwardly towards the shaft 46 across the thickness of the cam 45
and spaced angularly one to another. The pockets 56, 57 of the actuator
cam 45 are normally positioned so as to open to the bottom of the safety
switch. Each pocket 56, 57 has a radially extending dividing wall,
peripheral edges 56a, 57a of the dividing wall following the cam
circumference.
Each side face of the actuator cam 45, adjacent wall 12 and fore-and-aft
filler plates 44, 44A define a housing for a non-rotatable locking block
58. Four views of a locking block 58 appear in FIG. 4. FIG. 4B is a view
on lines B--B of FIGS. 4A, FIG. 4C is a view on line C--C of FIG. 4B, and
FIG. 4D is a view on lines D--D of FIG. 4B.
Each locking block 58 comprises a web 59 located adjacent and parallel to
the housing wall 12. The web 59 had slots 60 in its side walls which
engage the small limbs of the T-shaped filler plates 44, 44A in a sliding
relationship such that the block 58 is received slidingly in the housing.
Each block 58 has an elongate slot 61 through which the shaft 46 extends.
A circular recess 64 is formed in the top face of the web 59 of the
locking block 58 to accommodate one end of a compression coil spring 65
(FIG. 1), the other end of the latter being engaged in a recess in a wall
of the housing 10 bridging the lateral walls 12. This spring 65
resiliently urges the locking block 58 away from the housing 10. The
locking block 58 is dimensioned to be accommodated in the aforesaid
defined housing so that its sliding movement is confined to a rectilinear
path towards or away from the housing 10.
Each locking block 58 has formations which protrude towards the actuator
cam 45. One side wall of each block 58 is extended and comprises a portion
68 which is ramped towards the shaft 46, the lower surface of the ramp
being an actuator engaging surface 69. A portion 70 of the wall extension
has a step 71 with a lower surface 72 which is ramped from the side wall
to the shaft 46 and ends in an abutment surface 72a. Extending from the
top of the web 59, above the slot 61, is a guide track 66 having an
inturned formation defining a slot 73 running perpendicular to the shaft
axis 46.
Each guide track 66 and extended wall is designed to receive a sliding
block 74. A sliding block is illustrated in FIG. 5, FIG. 5B and 5C being
views of FIG. 5A on lines B--B and C--C respectively. Each sliding block
74 is generally rectangular and is cut-away to define a rib 75 shaped to
engage in the guide track 66 (FIG. 4C) in a sliding relationship. The
upper surface of the sliding block 74 has a cut-off corner which forms a
ramped actuator engaging surface 76. The other corner 77 is cut away in a
configuration which is designed to receive the ramped end 68 of the
extended wall of the locking block 58.
Each sliding block 74 has a slot 77a cut through it which is the same in
shape as the slot 66 in the locking block 58 but is orientated at 45
degrees to it. The slot 77a is angled upward from the border 76 and
receives the shaft 46.
The stepped portions 71 of the extended walls of the locking blocks 58 are
positioned above the flat inclined surface 52 of the actuator cam 45. The
abutment surfaces 53 of the cam 45 normally abut the abutment surface 72a
of the locking block 58.
The cam/locking block arrangement is normally enclosed by the end cap 43
which is of box-like configuration open at one end. Screw holes are
adapted to be aligned with two screw holes (not shown) provided
respectively at the front and the back of the housing 10 to secure the end
cap 43 in position on the latter. The end cap 43 is formed with a groove
or recess (not shown) for assisting liquid drainage out of the safety
switch through a window (not shown) and down the groove or recess when the
safety switch is being hosed down for cleaning purposes.
The end cap 43 is formed at one side of its end surface with a rectangular
opening 78 defining an actuator entry slot and at one side of one side
wall with a similar opening 79 (FIG. 2). The actuator entry 78 is aligned
with the pocket 56 of the actuator cam 45 and the ramped corners 76 of the
sliding blocks 74. Actuator entry 79 is aligned with the ramped surfaces
69 on the locking block 58 and the pocket 57 of the actuator cam 45.
The other component of the safety switch, namely the actuator, is formed
for example of stainless steel. As shown in FIG. 6, it comprises a
mounting bar 80, from which project two parallel actuating limbs 81 which
each have an inwardly projecting ear 82 parallel to the mounting bar 80.
The above described safety switch can be used, inter alia, in connection
with machinery guards, the safety switch being mounted on the guard
housing and the actuator on the guard gate or door which may be hinged,
slidable or of lift-off construction.
The electrical circuitry, well known to those skilled in the art of
providing electrical interlocks between kinetic machinery and machine
guards therefor, will not be described other than to indicate that
machinery operation is inhibited until the safety contacts 23, 24 are
closed and the auxiliary contacts 25, 26 are opened. The latter are signal
contacts indicating the condition of the kinetic machinery and the machine
guard in either condition, that is contacts 25, 26 closed indicates
machinery in operation and machine guard closed, contacts 25, 26 open
indicates machine guard open and machinery stopped.
Inadvertent or unauthorised rotation of the cam arrangement is prevented or
resisted by the inter-engagement of the actuator cam abutment surfaces 53
and the locking block 58 abutment surfaces 72a.
When the guard door or gate is closed, the actuator enters the entry 78 or
entry 79 depending upon the disposition of the safety switch. When the
actuator enters entry 78 (see FIGS. 7 and 8) the limbs 81 of the actuator
engage with the ramped surface 76 on the sliding blocks 74. The actuator
forces the sliding blocks 74 to slide relative to the locking blocks 58
along the guide tracks 66. This in turn forces the locking blocks 58 to
move in a rectilinear motion against springs 65, because the shaft 46 is
engaged in the mutually inclined slots 61 and 77a. The motion is such that
the abutment surfaces 72a of the locking block 58 move clear of the
abutment surfaces 53 on the actuator cam 45. The sliding blocks 74 are
displaced in a direction at 45 degrees to the direction of displacement of
the locking blocks 58. The angled slot 77a allows the block 74 to move
relative to the shaft at this angle.
After the locking blocks 58 and then sliding blocks 74 have been displaced,
the actuator ears 82 engage in the peripheral pocket 56 of the actuator
cam 45 and causes the cam 45 to rotate (see FIG. 7). This causes the axial
push rod 31 to move axially against the action of the spring 36 to open
the auxiliary contacts 25, 26 and close the safety contacts 23, 24 which
condition will prevail as long as the actuator is so engaged in the safety
switch.
If the actuator is positioned to enter in the entry 79, the ends of the
actuating limbs 81 engage the ramp surfaces 69 of the locking blocks 58,
causing rectilinear motion of the latter against the spring 65 and
separation of the abutment surfaces 53, 72a. The actuator ears 82 then
engage in the peripheral pocket 57 to rotate the actuator cam 45 as
before. Thus the cam 45 rotates in the same direction if the actuator is
introduced through either entry 78 or entry 79.
Retraction of the actuator out of the safety switch, in both the above
cases, causes reversal of the contact conditions, that contacts 23, 24,
open and contacts 25, 26 close. This is the result of the actuator cam 45
being returned to its rest position with the abutment surfaces 53 bearing
against the abutment surfaces 72a to prevent rotation of the cam 45.
The pin 49 is connected to the contact actuator shaft and received in the
arcuate slot 50 in the actuator cam. When the actuator is withdrawn, the
cam returns to its original position and pulls on the pin 49. Thus the
push rod 31 cannot remain unintentionally in the "machine energised"
position. If the gate or door of the machinery guard is open only
slightly, say, for example, 6 mm, this will cause the actuator to rotate
the cam 45, displace the pin 49, and thus force disconnection of the
safety contacts 23, 24. Thus, in the event of contact weld or a similar
safety switch component failure, the actuator cannot be removed from the
switch without forcing contact movement, thus providing complete operator
safety. Additionally, the auxiliary signal contacts 25, 26 will be closed
instantaneously, indicating the condition of the machinery guard.
It is to be noted that both sets of contacts 23, 24 and 25, 26 are
galvanically isolated thus eliminating the possibility of voltage
crossover.
An alternative contact arrangement (not shown) comprises two pairs of
double positive break, normally-open contacts for use in dangerous or low
voltage applications. In this arrangement it is to be noted that both the
safety normally-open contacts and the auxiliary normally-open contacts are
forcibly disconnected almost simultaneously.
The above described safety switch and actuator is installed by mounting the
safety switch at any convenient position of the machinery guard and the
actuator on an opening edge of the guard door or gate aligned with the
entry 78 or alternatively the entry 79.
Referring now to FIGS. 9 to 17 of the drawings, the illustrated second
embodiment of the invention comprises a safety switch which contains an
electrical contact arrangement, an operating cam arrangement, a connecting
rod arrangement, and an actuator which operationally cooperates with the
safety switch. In this second embodiment parts common to the first
embodiment described above are given the same reference numerals but
incremented by 100.
As can be seen from FIGS. 9 and 10, the safety switch comprises a glass
reinforced nylon casing 110 which is square in cross section and comprises
two sections. An upper section 110a of the casing houses an electrical
contact compartment 111 and a lower section 110b of the casing houses the
cam arrangement. The two sections of the casing are separable. The upper
section 110a has a cover 110c hinged at end 110d which when open exposes
the contact compartment 111. A seal 110e is located between the cover 110c
and the case 110.
The lower section 110b is normally enclosed by an end cap 143 of box-like
configuration open at one end. Screw holes are adapted to be aligned with
two screw holes (not shown) provided respectively at the front and the
back of the upper section 110a of the housing 110 to secure the end cap
143 in position on the latter.
The contact compartment 111 is substantially similar to that described with
reference to FIGS. 1 to 8. It comprises fixed contacts 123, 126 and
moveable contacts 124, 125.
In FIG. 14, the sets of moveable contacts 124, 125 are shown axially-spaced
relative to a hollow central rod 131. The fixed contacts 123, 126 mounted
in the housing 110 are shown dotted. At each side of the rod 131 is a pair
of contacts 123, 124 and a pair of contacts 125, 126. When contacts 125,
126 are closed and contacts 123, 124 are open the power supply to OFF.
When the state is reversed the power supply is ON.
A compression spring 200 acts between a lateral extension 201 of the rod
131 and a fixed horizontal ledge 202 of the casing 110 to urge the rod 131
downwards and the contacts into their normal open and closed positions,
such that the power supply is OFF (see FIG. 10).
The lower end of the upper section 110a of the casing 110 has a dividing
wall 203 with a central aperture 204. On the side of the wall 203 opposite
the contacts there is a depending annular wall 205 forming a socket 206.
The socket 206 is outwardly tapered as indicated by numeral 207 towards an
upper mating surface 208. The upper mating surface 208 is parallel to the
dividing wall 203 and has at each of its four corners equispaced locating
lugs 209 which have threaded apertures (not shown).
The lower section 110b of the casing, shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, comprises a
wall 210 having on one side a lower mating surface 211 and on the other
side two laterally spaced walls 112 for mounting the cam arrangement.
The lower mating surface 211 has a central apertured spigot 212 which is
designed to locate in the socket 206 of the upper casing 110a and an
annular wall 213 which locates in the taper 207 of the socket 206. Each
corner of the lower mating surface 211 has cut-outs 214 which are designed
to receive the locating lugs 209 of the upper mating surface 208 (see FIG.
9). In the cut-out areas 214 the wall 210 has apertures (not shown) which
correspond to those in the locating lugs 209. The upper section 110a and
lower section 110b are connected together by screws 214a which pass
through apertures 214b (see FIGS. 9, 11 and 13) in the cap 210 and the
apertures in the cut out areas 214 and locate in the threaded apertures of
lugs 209. As the mating surfaces 208,211 are symmetrical the lower section
110b of the case may be located in any one of four positions. Each new
position is achieved by rotating the lower section 110b relative to the
upper 110a by 90 degrees about the longitudinal axis of the safety switch
assembly.
A spring-loaded plunger 215 extending along the longitudinal axis has a
shaft 216 and a head 217 and is seated in the aperture of the spigot 212.
The shaft 216 extends through the aperture 204 into the upper section 110a
of the case 110 to abut the rod 131 and moves the rod 131 against the bias
of the compression spring 200 such that the contacts 123, 124, 125, 126
are held in a power supply off position. The end of the head 217 of the
plunger 215 is pointed and abuts the cam arrangement. The plunger 215 is
biased by a compression spring 218 into contact with the cam arrangement.
The cam arrangement comprises an actuator cam 145 mounted on a shaft 146
supported at its ends in the apertures in the walls 112, which shaft
extends through a central hole 147 in the actuator cam 145.
The actuator cam 145 shown in detail in FIG. 15, is generally of circular
configuration, and is rotatable about the shaft 146.
An upper portion of the actuator cam 145 (as shown in FIG. 15) is laterally
cut away to provide a flat inclined surface 152, a tooth 220 with a
stepped abutment surface 153 and a depression 221. The depression 221 is
shaped to received the pointed head 217 of the plunger 215.
In the lower half of the actuator cam 145 there is formed a pair of
angularly spaced radial cut-outs or pockets 156,157 open to the periphery
of the actuator cam 145, extending inwardly towards the shaft 146 and
across the thickness of the cam 145. Planar webs extending perpendicular
to the axis of central hole 147 extend radially to peripheral edges 156b,
157a. These webs, which divide the pockets 156, 157 in half, are not shown
in FIGS. 12 to make it easier to appreciate the detailed design of
components associated with the actuator cam.
The cam arrangement includes locking blocks 158 and sliding blocks 174. One
locking block 158 is shown in detail in FIG. 17, FIGS. 17B, 17C and 17D
being views on lines B--B, C--C and D--D of FIG. 17A respectively. Each
block 158 comprises a web 159 adjacent and parallel to the housing wall
112. The web 159 has a ridge 223 which engages in a corresponding groove
(not shown) in each of the parallel walls 112 of the lower section 110b of
the case. Each block 158 has an elongate slot 161 through which the shaft
146 extends.
A circular recess 164 is formed in the top face of the web 159 of the
locking block 158 to accommodate one end of a compression coil spring 165
(see FIG. 13), the other end of the latter being engaged in a recess in
the wall 210 of the lower section 110b of housing 110 bridging the lateral
walls 112. This spring 165 resiliently urges the locking blocks 158 away
from the wall 210.
Each locking block 158 is dimensioned to be accommodated in the housing so
that its sliding movement is confined to a rectilinear path towards or
away from the wall 210 of the lower section 110b.
Each locking block 158 has formations which protrude towards the actuator
cam 145. A lower portion 168 is ramped downwards towards the shaft 146,
the lower surface of the ramp being an actuator engaging surface 169. An
upper portion 170 of the block 158 has a step 171 with a lower surface 172
which is ramped upwardly from the side wall to the shaft 145 and ends in
an abutment surface 172a. At the top of the web 159, above the slot 163,
is a guide track 166 formed between two ridges 166a and 166b running
perpendicular to the shaft axis 46.
Each guide track 166 is designed to receive a respective sliding block 174,
one of which is shown in FIGS. 16, FIGS. 16B and 16C being views on lines
B--B and C--C respectively of FIGS. 16A. Each sliding block 174 is
rectangular and has a cut-out recess forming an end ridge 175 which is
received in the guide track 166 of the adjacent locking block 158 in a
sliding relationship. The upper surface of the sliding block 174 has a
cut-off corner which forms a ramped actuator engaging surface 176.
Each sliding block 174 has a slot 177a cut through it which is orientated
at 45 degrees to the slot 161 in the locking block 158. The slot 177a is
angled upward from the corner 176 and receives the shaft 146.
The end cap 143 is formed at one corner of its top surface with a
rectangular opening 178 defining an actuator entry slot and at one corner
of its front face with a similar opening 179.
The actuator entry 178 is aligned with the pocket 156 of the actuator cam
145 and the ramped corner 176 of the sliding block 174. Actuator entry 179
is aligned with the ramped surface 169 on the locking block 158 and the
pocket 157 of the actuator cam 145.
The other component of the safety switch, namely the actuator, may be of
the form illustrated in FIG. 6. The tip of such an actuator is shown in
FIG. 12, comprising side limbs 181 supporting actuator ears 182.
Inadvertent or unauthorised rotation of the cam arrangement is prevented by
the inter-engagement of the actuator cam abutment surfaces 153 and the
locking block 158 abutment surface 172a. When the guard door or gate is
closed, the actuator enters the entry 178 or entry 179 depending upon the
disposition of the safety switch.
When the actuator enters entry 178 the limbs 181 of the actuator engage
with the ramped surface 176 on the sliding blocks 174. The actuator forces
the sliding blocks 174 to slide relative to the locking blocks 158 along
the guide track 166, and this forces locking blocks 158 to move in a
rectilinear motion against springs 165. The motion is such that the
abutment surfaces 172a of the locking blocks 158 move clear of the
abutment surface 153 on the actuator cam 145. The angled slots 177a allow
the blocks 174 to move relative to the shaft 146 at an angle of 45 degrees
to the axis of plunger 215.
After the sliding blocks 174 have begun to move, the actuator ears 182
engage in the peripheral pocket 156 of the actuator cam 145 and cause the
cam 145 to rotate and consequently the head 217 of the plunger 215 to be
released from the depression 221 in the cam 145. The plunger 215 acts as a
cam follower to move rectilinearly under the influence of the compression
spring 218 and is received in the recess 222 of the cam 145. The movement
of the plunger 215 permits the rod 131 in the upper casing 110a to move
under the bias of the spring 200 such that the contacts are held in the
power supply ON position. This condition will prevail as long as the
actuator is so engaged in the safety switch.
If the actuator is positioned to enter in the entry 179 the ends of the
actuating limbs 181 engage the ramp surfaces 169 of the locking blocks
158, causing rectilinear motion of the latter against the spring 165 and
separation of the abutment surfaces 153, 172a as before. The ears 182 then
engage in the other peripheral pocket 157 to rotate the actuator cam 145
as before.
Retraction of the actuator out of the safety switch causes reversal of the
contact conditions. As the actuator is withdrawn the actuator cam 145 is
forced to return to its rest position with the abutment surfaces 153
bearing against the abutment surfaces 172a to prevent rotation of the cam
145. The plunger 215 returns to rest in the depression 221 of the cam 145.
The direction of rotation of the actuator cam 145 when the actuator is
inserted is the same irrespective of which entry slot is entered by the
actuator.
The fact that the separable upper and lower sections can be secured
together in different relative orientations, allows the actuator entry
ports in the cover of the lower casing to be orientated as is required by
the application concerned.
It will be appreciated that the actuating cam/locking block and push rod
arrangement of the second embodiment can be used to operate electrical
switches other than those described with reference to the drawings.
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