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| United States Patent |
5,559,178
|
|
Widmer
|
September 24, 1996
|
Process for manufacturing friable rubber bales
Abstract
A composition for coating wet rubber particles during extrusion and
pelletization prior to drying comprising an inorganic partitioning agent,
a thickener and binder reagent, water and a water soluble anionic
dispersant, and the process for application to elastomers including those
of low viscosity or high resin content to improve their processability
during manufacture.
| Inventors:
|
Widmer; Lincoln (Baton Rouge, LA)
|
| Assignee:
|
DSM Copolymer, Inc. (Baton Rouge, LA)
|
| Appl. No.:
|
182749 |
| Filed:
|
January 18, 1994 |
| Current U.S. Class: |
524/425; 524/35; 524/43; 524/44; 524/424; 524/436; 524/446; 524/565; 524/566; 524/571 |
| Intern'l Class: |
C08K 003/26 |
| Field of Search: |
524/425,424,446,35,43,44,424,425,436,446,565,566,571
|
References Cited
U.S. Patent Documents
| 4207218 | Jun., 1980 | Jorgensen, Jr. et al. | 260/23.
|
| 4508569 | Apr., 1985 | Kumasaka et al. | 106/14.
|
| 4657590 | Apr., 1987 | Gamblin | 106/22.
|
| 4670181 | Jun., 1987 | Mollinger et al. | 252/186.
|
| Foreign Patent Documents |
| 46877/85 | Dec., 1988 | AU.
| |
| 61102/90 | Feb., 1991 | AU.
| |
Primary Examiner: Michl; Paul R.
Assistant Examiner: Guarriello; John J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Rockey, Rifkin & Ryther
Parent Case Text
This is a continuation of application Ser. No 07/823,701 filed on Feb. 2,
1992, now abandoned which is a divisional of application, Ser. No.
07/435,198 filed Nov. 9, 1989, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,098,639.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A composition for coating wet rubber particles during extrusion and
pelletization comprising a water soluble thickener and binder reagent,
water, a water soluble anionic dispersant and an inorganic partitioning
agent selected from the group consisting of (a) MgCO.sub.3, (b) CaCO.sub.3
and (c) ZnCO.sub.3.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the thickener also acts as a binder
upon drying.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the thickener and binder reagent is
a cellulose thickener and binder.
4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the thickener and binder reagent is
selected from the group consisting of cellulose and hydroxyalkyl
celluloses.
5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the water soluble anionic dispersant
is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts of
carboxylated polyelectrolytes and sodium salts of condensed
naphthalenesulfonic acid.
6. The composition of claim 5, wherein the water soluble anionic dispersant
is sodium polymethacrylate.
7. A spray coating composition for application to rubber consisting of
magnesium carbonate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and sodium
polymethacrylate.
8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the amount of thickener and binder
reagent is about 0.1 to about 0.5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight
of the inorganic partitioning agent.
9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the amount of thickener and binder
reagent is about 0.25 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the
inorganic partitioning agent.
10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the amount of dispersant is
0.25-0.50 parts dispersant per 100 parts partitioning agent.
11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the rubber is selected from the
group consisting of acrylate-butadiene rubber; butadiene rubber;
chloroprene rubber; terpolymers of ethylene, propylene, and a diene (with
the residual unsaturated portion of diene in the side chain);
ethylene-propylene copolymer; isobutene-isoprene copolymer; isoprene
rubber; nitrile-butadiene rubber; nitrile-isoprene rubber;
styrene-butadiene rubber; and carboxylated-styrene-butadiene rubber.
12. The composition of claim 11, wherein the rubber has a Mooney viscosity
of less than 30 ML1+4 at 100.degree. C.
13. The composition of claim 11, wherein the rubber has a Mooney viscosity
of 20-125 ML1+4 at 100.degree. C.
14. The composition of claim 11, wherein the rubber is a nitrile-butadiene
rubber having about 45-60 percent by weight bound acrylonitrile.
15. The composition of claim 11, wherein the rubber is a styrene-butadiene
rubber having about 30-50 percent by weight bound styrene.
16. A method of preparing the composition of claim 1, comprising the steps
of:
ball milling the inorganic partitioning agent to a particle size of about 1
micron;
adding sufficient quantity of the thickener and binder reagent in aqueous
solution to the partitioning agent to surround particles of the inorganic
partitioning agent with the thickener and binder reagent solution; and,
adding the dispersant in aqueous solution to the inorganic partitioning
agent and thickener and binder reagent solution in sufficient quantity to
reduce the viscosity of the composition to a viscosity suitable for use in
a spray coating process.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the average particle size of the
inorganic partitioning agent is about 1.2 microns after ball milling.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the amount of thickener and binder
reagent is from about 0.1 to about 0.5 parts per hundred parts of the
inorganic partitioning agent.
19. The method of claim 16, wherein the amount of thickener and binder
reagent is about 0.25 parts per hundred parts of the inorganic
partitioning agent.
20. The method of claim 16, wherein the amount of dispersant is from about
0.25 to about 0.50 parts by weight per 100 parts partitioning agent.
21. The method of claim 16, wherein the thickener and binder reagent is
selected from the group consisting of cellulose and hydroxyalkyl
celluloses.
22. The method of claim 16, wherein the dispersant is selected from the
group consisting of alkali metal salts of carboxylated polyelectrolytes
and sodium salts of condensed naphthalenesulfonic acid.
23. The method of claim 16, wherein the viscosity of the composition is
about 300 cps.
Description
The present invention relates to a process for coating during extrusion and
pelletization wet rubber crumb to produce a product that can be baled and
is easily friable from bale form.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Bulk synthetic rubber is commercially sold in the form of solid, dense
bales weighing from 40 to 100 pounds. In this form, the rubber is easily
and economically stored and shipped. These bales are conventionally
processed by milling or masticating the bales, which may then be mixed
with other components for vulcanization and fabrication.
This conventional process of converting the baled rubber to a processible
form is expensive, in terms of the energy employed, to mill or masticate
the bale. The equipment to perform this operation., such as a Banbury
mixer or roll mill, is also expensive, but necessary to the conversion of
the baled rubber to a form suitable for compounding.
Bulk rubber is also supplied in the form of pellets or powders having lower
density and therefore greater volume than baled rubber. The increased
volume results in an increase in the costs of storage and shipment.
Moreover, under ordinary storage conditions, the increased temperature and
pressure resulting from the stacking of containers of powdered rubber will
bind the rubber into solid, dense masses which still require processing
prior to fabrication. Thus, the need for Banburies or similar devices is
not entirely avoided by the distribution of bulk rubber in pelletized or
powdered form.
To overcome these problems, bulk rubber is also sold in the form of friable
bales. Such bales are conventionally produced by dusting granulated dry
rubber crumb with metal salts of organic acids or inorganic anti-caking
agents prior to baling. In a variation of that process, the dry rubber is
ground prior to mixing with the anti-caking agents. Because these
anti-caking agents are rapidly absorbed into the rubber substrate,
however, the shelf life for these friable bales is relatively short. After
absorption of the anti-caking agents, friability is reduced and it is
still necessary to mill or masticate the bale prior to processing. The
stearate anti-caking agents also may act as accelerators during
vulcanization, thereby limiting control of the vulcanization process in
cases in which the amount and type of stearate present is unknown.
Such a process for producing friable bales is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
4,207,218. According to the process described therein, rubber particles
are coated with an anti-caking agent selected from the group consisting of
inorganic dusting agents, metal salts of organic acids and hard resins.
The rubber particles and dry anti-caking agent are mixed in a conventional
mixer or blender; the anti-caking agent may also be supplied in solution,
suspension or emulsion form. The rubber particles are then spray- or
dip-coated with the solution during the rubber coagulation and wash
operation. The disadvantages associated with anti-caking agent absorption
described generally above, render the process disclosed in that
application inadequate.
Additionally, such processes are not useful for rubbers of low viscosity,
i.e., particularly Mooney viscosity less than 30 ML1+4 (at 100.degree.
C.). Such rubbers cannot be dried using conventional drying processes,
useful in the foregoing method of producing friable bales, since the low
viscosity rubbers become tacky in conventional dryers. Moisture removal is
impaired as a result of this heat softening, and the rubber agglomerates
in the dryer and cannot be easily removed. Similar problems are presented
for the production of bales of high acrylonitrile NBR (acrylonitrile
content greater than 40 percent) and high styrene SBR (styrene content
greater than 35 percent) of these types, since such NBR and SBR behave
increasingly like thermoplastics, resulting in heat softening and cold
flow in a conventional dryer.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is thus an object of the present invention to provide a novel and
superior method for coating particulate rubber to produce, upon processing
of the coated rubber, friable bales
It is another object of the invention to provide such a method for
producing a friable baled rubber suitable for long term storage without
deleterious consequences on the friability of the baled rubber.
It is another object of the invention to provide a method of producing
friable bales of low viscosity rubbers of NBR having a high acrylonitrile
content and SBR of high-bound styrene content.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a novel coating for
particulate rubber enabling the production of friable bales.
A further object of the invention is to provide a coating that may be
incorporated into the rubber substrate in later processing to produce
desirable reinforcing characteristics.
These objects and other novel aspects of the invention will be described in
detail in the specification of the invention set forth below.
The present invention relates to a spray coating composition for
application to rubber comprising an inorganic partitioning agent, a
thickener and binder reagent, water and a water soluble anionic
dispersant.
The present invention also relates to a method of producing friable rubber
bales which includes the steps of providing a wet rubber, and dewatering
the wet rubber by passing the rubber through a dewatering extruder to
obtain a rubber extrudate having a moisture content between about three
and about seven percent. Following the dewatering step, the rubber
extrudate is pelletized by cutting the rubber extrudate into pellets of a
predetermined size effective to obtain desirable drying rate and product
porosity.
The pellets are then spray coated with a spray coating composition
comprising an inorganic partitioning agent, a thickener and binder
reagent, water and a water soluble anionic dispersant, at substantially
the same time as the rubber extrudate is cut from the extruder, and then
air-conveyed to a dryer at substantially the same time as the pellets are
being spray coated. The coated pellets are dried and compressed to produce
bales.
The present invention further relates to friable rubber bales made by the
process summarized above.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating the bulk density of baled NBR coated
according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the bulk density of coated and uncoated
rubber pellets, before and after baling.
FIGS. 3 is a process flow diagram illustrating the steps involved in the
application of the spray coating composition of the present invention to
the rubber.
FIG. 4 is a process flow diagram illustrating the boxed portion of FIG. 3.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The method of the present invention is applicable to the production of
friable bales of numerous synthetic rubbers, including, preferably,
nitrile rubber of up to fifty percent by weight acrylonitrile, and
styrene-butadiene rubber. The invention is also applicable to the
production of friable bales of rubbers composed of elastomers resulting
from the polymerization of one or more conjugated diolefins which are
homopolymerizable to produce elastomeric polymers, and mixtures thereof
with monoethylenically unsaturated monomers capable of producing
copolymers therewith. Low viscosity rubbers may also be treated according
to the present invention, to produce friable bales.
Among the rubbers to which the present invention is applicable are
acrylate-butadiene rubber; butadiene rubber; chloroprene rubber;
terpolymers of ethylene, propylene and a diene (with the residual
unsaturated portion of the diene in the side chain); ethylene-propylene
copolymer; isobutene-isoprene copolymer; isoprene rubber;
nitrile-butadiene rubber; nitrile-isoprene rubber; styrene-butadiene
rubber; carboxylated-nitrile-butadiene rubber; and
carboxylated-styrene-butadiene rubber.
These rubbers are manufactured according to processes known to produce a
wet rubber having, after mechanical dewatering and pelletization, a
moisture content of about seven percent, and most preferably between three
and seven percent. Mechanical dewatering of the rubber is accomplished by
a dewatering extruder. The dewatered moist rubber is extruded and then
pelletized by a blade adjusted to produce porous, substantially flat
pellets. The pellets are preferably about 6 mm in diameter and about 2 mm
in thickness. Pellets of other, similar thicknesses and diameters may be
successfully employed in the method of the present invention, with the
size of the pellet depending upon the rubber composition, product
viscosity and desired drying speed. A fixed pellet size is desirable,
however, to permit control over the amount of spray coating composition
applied to each pellet.
At substantially the same time that the extrudate is being cut from the
dewatering extruder, a spray coating composition is applied to the rubber
pellets to produce rubber pellets that after drying may be compressed into
friable bales. The spray coating composition comprises an inorganic
partitioning agent, a cellulose ether thickener/binder, water and a water
soluble anionic dispersant. The inorganic partitioning agent is an
alkaline earth metal salt, such as the carbonate salts and preferably one
or more compounds selected from the group consisting of MgCO.sub.3,
CaCO.sub.3 and ZnCO.sub.3, and is most preferably MgCO.sub.3.
The thickener/binder is a compound selected from the group consisting of
celluloses and hydroxyalkyl celluloses such as hydroxyethyl cellulose,
hydroxypropyl cellulose, propylene glycol cellulose and hydroxypropyl
methylcellulose, with the preferred compounds being propylene glycol and
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. These compounds are insoluble in the rubber
substrate and will not be absorbed by the rubber even after long periods
of storage.
Finally, the dispersant is a compound selected from the group consisting of
alkali metal (e.g., sodium, potassium and ammonium) salts of carboxylated
polyelectrolytes and sodium salts of condensed naphthalenesulfonic acid.
Sodium polymethacrylate is preferred as the dispersant.
The spray coating composition is made according to the following steps. A
sufficient quantity of thickener/binder, e.g. hydroxypropyl
methylcellulose, is dissolved in cold water to obtain a thickener
concentration not exceeding, and preferably about, 0.5 percent by weight.
The thickener swells in the water to produce a clear, opalescent, viscous
colloidal solution.
The inorganic partitioning agent, preferably MgCO.sub.3, is ball milled to
an average particle size of about 1.2 microns. It is understood, however,
that particle sizes of the same order will be usefully employed in the
present invention. The thickener solution is added to the milled
partitioning agent at a level between about 0.1 to about 0.5 parts, and
preferably about 0.25 parts, by weight thickener per 100 parts
partitioning agent.
The partitioning agent is surrounded by the thickener, limiting its
absorption into the rubber substrate. This produces a viscous mixture
(viscosity about 2600 cps), to which 0.25-0.50 parts dispersant per 100
parts partitioning agent are added. The resulting mixture preferably has a
viscosity of about 300 cps. A desired composition of the spray coating is
characterized by the conditions noted in Table I, corresponding to the
components and quantities set forth in Table II.
TABLE I
______________________________________
Solids (weight percent)
35.0
Specific gravity 1.24
Viscosity (cps) 200
Dispersion pH 10.9
Particle size (microns)
1.2
______________________________________
TABLE II
______________________________________
Component Parts (by weight)
Description
______________________________________
Magnesium Carbonate
100 Ball milled to 1.2
microns
METHOCEL .RTM. F4M
0.15 Hydroxypropyl
(Dow Chemical) methylcellulose
DARVAN .RTM. 7 (R. T.
0.25 Sodium
Vanderbilt) Polymethacrylate
Water 185 40-55.degree. F.
______________________________________
The spray coating composition is applied by any of the known spray coating
processes, with the limitation that the spray head include openings of
sufficient size to readily accommodate milled partitioning agent
particles. It has been found that the amount of spray coating composition
applied to the rubber pellets, to achieve the desirable qualities to which
the invention is directed, is from 0.2-5.0 parts per hundred parts rubber
hydrocarbon, with a preferred rate being 3.0 parts coating per hundred
pans rubber hydrocarbon.
The steps just described are illustrated graphically in FIGS. 3 and 4.
Referring first to FIG. 3, the spray coating composition is conventionally
provided from liquid tanks 10 into feed tank 20, which is sufficiently
sized to permit continuous operation. The effluent spray coating
composition from feed tank 20 is transferred through calibrating feeder
30, which calibrates the coating feed rate relative to the rate of polymer
being dewatered in extruder 40. Spray coating exiting calibrating feeder
30 are pumped by progressive cavity pumps 50 to the spray nozzles 60,
shown in FIG. 4.
Turning to FIG. 4, the spray coating composition of the present invention
is provided through a plurality of spray nozzles 60 to pelletized rubber
70. The rubber is pelletized as it exits extruder 40 through die head 80.
The extrudate encounters pelletizer blade 90, which cuts the extrudate to
pellets of appropriate dimensions.
As indicated in FIG. 4, at substantially the same time the spray coating
composition is applied to the pelletized rubber, the coated rubber pellets
are air-conveyed to a continuous forced air dryer (not shown). Dryer
conditions are adjusted to obtain a moisture level in the rubber pellets
of, for example, less than 0.5 percent, or such other moisture level as is
desired in the final product.
During the drying process, the thickener in the spray coating composition
(e.g., hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) also serves as a binder to bind the
coating to the rubber pellets. This prevents the relatively heavy dry
coating of partitioning agent from flaking off the rubber crumb during
subsequent processing. The binder also aids to reduce absorption of the
partitioning agent into the baled rubber during storage.
The heated, coated rubber pellets are transported to baler units to produce
a bale of desirable mass, size and form. Typically, such bales are square
or rectangular blocks weighing about 50 pounds or more. The bales produced
by this method have a superior friability to those produced by
conventional processes, and do not exhibit the deleterious effects (e.g.,
loss of friability due to absorption of anti-caking or partitioning agent)
observed over time in bales produced by those conventional processes.
It is also observed that low viscosity styrene-butadiene rubbers (30-50
ML1+4 (100.degree. C.)) are difficult to dry as a result of heat softening
and cold flow in apron driers as described above. It has therefore been
shown that application of the spray coating composition according to the
present invention prevents agglomeration of the rubber, resulting in
increased drying rates of 5-17 percent above conventionally processed
rubbers.
Similarly, it has been observed that low molecular weight styrene butadiene
rubbers, or higher viscosity polymers, that have been extended with
naphthenic or aromatic oils are extremely tacky, fouling drier flights and
impairing production speed through equipment down time. Dryer fouling is
reduced as a result of treating the polymer pellets with the spray coating
composition according to the present invention. It has been demonstrated
that dryer fouling is reduced by applying to the wet rubber between 0.1 to
0.5 parts spray coating composition per hundred parts rubber hydrocarbon,
and preferably about 0.2 parts spray coating composition per hundred parts
rubber hydrocarbon.
The effect of coating low viscosity nitrile-butadiene rubber was studied by
curing rubber samples in a sulfur donor formulation, according to the
compositions shown in Table III. The addition to the rubber of 0.5 to 3.5
parts spray coating composition per hundred parts rubber hydrocarbon was
shown to improve the aging properties of the rubber.
TABLE Ill
______________________________________
Sulfur Donor Recipes for Vulcanizing NBR
Quantity Quantity
Component (Coated Rubber)
(Control Rubber)
______________________________________
NYsyn .RTM. 33-3 NBR
100 parts 100 parts
Carbon Black N787
75 parts 75 parts
Plasticizer SC
2 parts 2 parts
Zinc Oxide 0.5 parts 0.5 parts
Stearic Acid 1.0 parts 1.0 parts
Agerite Resin D
1.0 parts 1.0 parts
Sulfasan .RTM.
1.0 parts 1.0 parts
Pennac .TM. 2.0 parts 2.0 parts
Morfax 1.0 parts 1.0 parts
______________________________________
A significant improvement in Mooney viscosity was demonstrated in an oven
aging test (Table IV). It was shown that coated rubber had a slightly
higher compound Mooney viscosity, but equivalent minimum scorch and
rheometer value readings indicating equivalent viscosity at higher
temperatures. Table V contains the results of scorch and stress-strain
tests on the coated and uncoated (control) rubbers. Table VI contains the
results of immersion tests on the coated and control rubbers.
TABLE IV
______________________________________
Accelerated Oven Aging of Low Viscosity NBR
Oven Aging Mooney Mooney
at 212.degree. F.
Viscosity Viscosity
(Days) (Coated NBR)
(Control NBR)
______________________________________
0 33 33
3 33 42
5 32 50
7 36 67
Delta +3 +34
______________________________________
TABLE V
______________________________________
Scorch and Stress-Strain
Testing of Low Viscosity NBR
Press Cure
Coated Control
Test at 370.degree. F.
Rubber Rubber
______________________________________
Compound ML1 + 4 76 69
Mooney Scorch (MS at 270.degree. F.)
Minutes to 5 Pt. Rise 16.7 17.3
Minimum Reading 21 22
Rheograph Properties
(Model 100, 370.degree. F.,
6 min. motor)
Min. Torque (in-lbs.) 7 7
Max. Torque (in-lbs.) 51 51.4
ts2 (minutes) 1.2 1.25
t'90 (minutes) 3 2.99
Tensile (psi) 3' 2084 2254
6' 2129 2269
Elongation (percent) 448 434
410 409
100% Modulus (psi) 434 444
439 403
300% Modulus (psi) 1567 1750
1725 1781
Hardness (Shore A) 72 71
73 71
Compression Set 35.3 35.3
(70 hrs. at 257.degree. F.,
percent)
Tear, Die "C" (ppi)
3' 307 319
6' 295 318
Low Temp. Brittleness
6' -44 -44
(.degree.F.)
After Oven Aging
70 hrs. at 257.degree. F.
6'
Tensile (psi) 2552 2661
percent change 19.9 17.3
Elongation (percent) 240 211
percent change -41.5 -48.4
Hardness (Shore A) 77 76
points change -4 -5
______________________________________
TABLE VI
______________________________________
Immersion Testing of Low Viscosity NBR
Test Coated Rubber
Control Rubber
______________________________________
After Immersion in #3 Oil
70 hrs. at 212.degree. F.
6'
Tensile (psi) 2265 2335
percent change 6.4 2.9
Elongation (percent) 319 337
percent change -22.2 -17.6
Hardness (Shore A) 61 60
points change 12 11
Volume change (percent)
14.5 14.9
After Immersion in Fuel B
70 hrs. at room temp.
6'
Tensile (psi) 1222 1180
percent change -42.6 -48
Elongation (percent) 238 225
percent change -42 -45
Hardness (Shore A) 47 47
points change 26 24
Volume change (percent)
34.6 39.3
After Immersion in Fuel C
70 hrs. at room temp.
6'
Tensile (psi) 991 969
percent change -53.5 -57.3
Elongation (percent) 187 187
percent change -54.4 -54.3
Hardness (Shore A) 43 45
points change 30 26
Volume change (percent)
56.6 56.7
After Immersion in Water
70 hrs. at 212.degree. F.
6'
Tensile (psi) 2339 2277
percent change 9.9 0.4
Elongation (percent) 337 344
percent change -17.8 -15.9
Volume change (percent)
+4.8 +6.3
______________________________________
The aging properties associated with the coated rubber made according to
the present invention are thus substantially improved over friable rubber
bales made according to conventional processes. One such result of the
application of the spray coating composition according to the present
invention is that friable bales of rubber may be produced having a bulk
density on the order of about 1.8 times the bulk density of the loose
crumb from which the bales are formed. Such bales are of significantly
lower bulk density, however, than comparable massed bales of uncoated
rubber. This is shown in Table VII and FIG. 1.
It is also shown in Table VII and FIG. 2 that variation of the amount of
coating applied to the rubber can be employed to produce specific
desirable characteristics, such as bulk density and degree of friability.
Thus, application of 1.5 parts coating per hundred parts rubber
hydrocarbon resulted in a bale of lower bulk density than one of uncoated
rubber, but not friable at room temperature by hand. By contrast,
application of 3.5 parts coating per hundred parts rubber hydrocarbon
produced a bale of still lower bulk density, but desirably hand friable at
room temperature.
TABLE VII
______________________________________
Bulk Density of Baled Rubber.sup.a
______________________________________
Rubber (parts)
100 100 100 100 100
Coating (parts)
0 0 1.5 3.5 3.5
Form Loose Massed Massed Loose Friable
Crumb Bale Bale Crumb Bale
Bulk Density
30.32 64.65 58.93 27.05 40.25
(lbs./cu.ft.)
______________________________________
.sup.a -- All bales were formed in a laboratory minibaler at 1000 psi and
175.degree. F. for 10 seconds.
The present invention has been described with respect to certain
embodiments and conditions, which are not meant to and should not be
construed to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art will understand
that variations from the embodiments and conditions described herein may
be made without departing from the invention as claimed in the appended
claims.
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