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| United States Patent |
5,547,167
|
|
Torok
, et al.
|
August 20, 1996
|
Gate valve for fluidized particular material
Abstract
A gate valve apparatus which includes a housing having a passageway defined
therein for a fluent material, a generally planar gate, and apparatus for
supporting the gate within the housing. The apparatus for supporting
allows movement of the gate in opposed first and second directions that
are generally parallel to the generally planar gate. The apparatus also
includes an annular seal carried on the housing around the perimeter of
the passageway and apparatus for moving the gate in a direction
substantially perpendicular to the generally planar gate. The apparatus
for moving includes a first and second shafts, the shafts have a first and
second axial portions that is disposed in eccentric relationship to other
axial portions of the shaft, a roller is carried on each of these
eccentric portions. A roller including a bearing allowing free rotational
movement is carried on each of these eccentric axial portions. The
apparatus may include structure for rotating the first and second shafts
to urge the rollers against the gate and move the gate to compress the
seal. This apparatus may include at least a first pneumatic cylinder and a
mechanical over-center linkage coupling the first pneumatic cylinder and
the first and second shafts. The linkage may have a locking position which
the linkage will maintain after once been attained followed by a failure
of the pneumatic supply to the first pneumatic cylinder. The linkage may
include an S-shaped arm fixed to the first shaft and a second arm fixed to
the second shaft. Each of the various embodiments of the invention may use
bearings that are needle bearings.
| Inventors:
|
Torok; Robert J. (Kirtland, OH);
Duschen; Ernest A. (Geauga, OH)
|
| Assignee:
|
General Signal Corporation (Stamford, CT)
|
| Appl. No.:
|
493040 |
| Filed:
|
June 21, 1995 |
| Current U.S. Class: |
251/187; 251/203 |
| Intern'l Class: |
F16K 003/18 |
| Field of Search: |
251/187,193,203
|
References Cited
U.S. Patent Documents
| 3768773 | Oct., 1973 | Stephens | 251/203.
|
| 4491145 | Jan., 1985 | Williams et al. | 251/203.
|
| 5003943 | Apr., 1991 | Lafferty, Sr. | 251/203.
|
Primary Examiner: Fox; John C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Kleinman; Milton E., Smiley; Raymond E., Smith; Robert S.
Claims
Having thus described our invention we claim:
1. A gate valve apparatus which comprises:
a housing having a passageway defined therein for a fluent material;
a generally planar gate;
means for supporting the gate within said housing, said means for
supporting allowing movement of said gate in opposed first and second
directions, said first and second directions being generally parallel to
said generally planar gate;
an annular seal carried on said housing around the perimeter of said
passageway; and
means for moving said gate in a direction substantially perpendicular to
said generally planar gate, said means for moving including a first shaft,
said first shaft having a first axial portion that is disposed in
eccentric relationship to other axial portions of said first shaft, a
first roller carried on said first axial portion of said first shaft, said
first roller including a bearing allowing free rotational movement about
said first axial portion of said first shaft.
2. The apparatus as described in claim 1 wherein:
said means for moving includes a second shaft having a first axial portion
that is disposed in eccentric relationship to other axial portions of the
second shaft and a second roller carried on the first axial portion of the
second shaft, said second roller including a bearing allowing free
rotational movement about the first axial portion of the second shaft.
3. The apparatus as described in claim 2 wherein:
said means for moving includes a third shaft having a first axial portion
that is disposed in eccentric relationship to other axial portions of the
third shaft and a third roller carried on the first axial portion of the
third shaft, said third roller including a bearing allowing free
rotational movement about the first axial portion of the third shaft.
4. The apparatus as described in claim 3 wherein:
said means for moving includes a fourth shaft having a first axial portion
that is disposed in eccentric relationship to other axial portions of the
fourth shaft and a fourth roller carried on the first axial portion of the
fourth shaft, said fourth roller including a bearing allowing free
rotational movement about the first axial portion of the fourth shaft.
5. The apparatus as described in claim 4 further including:
means for rotating said first and second shafts to urge said rollers
against said gate and move said gate to compress said seal.
6. The apparatus as described in claim 5 wherein:
said means for rotating includes at least a first pneumatic cylinder.
7. The apparatus as described in claim 6 wherein:
said means for rotating includes a mechanical over-center linkage coupling
said first pneumatic cylinder and said first and second shafts, said
linkage having a locking position which said linkage will maintain after
once been attained followed by a failure of the pneumatic supply to said
first pneumatic cylinder.
8. The apparatus as described in claim 7 wherein:
said linkage includes an S-shaped arm.
9. The apparatus as described in claim 8 wherein:
said linkage includes a second arm fixed to said second shaft and said
S-shaped arm is fixed to said first shaft.
10. The apparatus as described in claim 9 wherein:
said means for supporting including an intermediate roller disposed to
engage said gate when said first, second, third and fourth rollers to are
not engaged with said gate.
11. The apparatus as described in claim 1 wherein:
each bearing is a needle bearing.
12. The apparatus as described in claim 2 wherein:
each bearing is a needle bearing.
13. The apparatus as described in claim 3 wherein:
each bearing is a needle bearing.
14. The apparatus as described in claim 4 wherein:
each bearing is a needle bearing.
15. The apparatus as described in claim 5 wherein:
each bearing is a needle bearing.
16. The apparatus as described in claim 6 wherein:
each bearing is a needle bearing.
17. The apparatus as described in claim 7 wherein:
each bearing is a needle bearing.
18. The apparatus as described in claim 8 wherein:
each bearing is a needle bearing.
19. The apparatus as described in claim 9 wherein:
each bearing is a needle bearing.
20. The apparatus as described in claim 10 wherein:
each bearing is a needle bearing.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to gate valves and particularly to very large gate
valves and the sealing of such valves. While the present invention has
particular application to fly ash control systems those skilled in the art
will recognize other applications. In a typical application for the
present invention the opening through which the fluidized particulate
material, the fly ash, is approximately 19 inches in diameter. The overall
length in this typical application of the entire valve mechanism is over
100 inches. In a typical application it necessary that the valve tightly
seal off flow at up to 15 psig so that maintenance work may be performed
down-stream of the valve. Any leakage would be hazardous to personnel
working down-stream of the valve.
The prior art includes Steckle U.S. Pat. No. 3,495,805 which shows a gate
valve with an eccentric surface that cooperates with a pad on the side of
the gate to urge the gate into engagement with a stationery seal. It is
inherent in this design that the friction between the eccentric surface
and the pad will cause wear of the eccentric surface and the pad.
Whaley U.S. Pat. No. 1,391,9871 discloses another gate valve having dual
gates. An eccentric member is disposed between the first and second gates
is rotatable to an angular position of greatest eccentricity to force both
the gates against stationery seals.
This structure also does not prevent the transfer of lateral forces to the
respective gates and thus causes lateral movement of the gates with
respect to the seats that cooperate with the gates. The lateral movement
of the gate or gates in these structures causes seal wear because of the
relative movement between the gate or gates and the seal or seals
associated therewith.
Neale U.S. Pat. No. 4,535,801 discloses a gate valve having a pressurized
bonnet. The valve shown in this Patent is intended for handling powdered
materials, such as powdered coal fed to a steam boiler or coal and lime to
a gasifier. Usnick et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,174,728 also discloses a
pressurized bonnet.
Some prior art gate valves have relied on metal to metal seals. While this
does eliminate wear problems associated with elastomeric seals, it is not
satisfactory for many applications because the metal to metal seal will
allow too much leakage particularly at pressures of 14 or 15 psig.
It is an object of the invention to provide a gate valve that will have
virtually no seal wear.
Another object of the invention is to provide a gate valve structure that
will seal in a manner that results in no lateral movement of the gate.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a mechanism for
latching the gate against the seal that will maintain the sealing
relationship even if fluid pressure that operates the latching mechanism
fails.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide apparatus that will seal
in a manner that will minimize leakage and hazards to personnel working
down stream from the valve.
Another object of the invention is to provide a structure in which the seal
is disposed at a location which is not in the path of direct material flow
when the valve is open.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It has now been found that these and other objects of the invention may be
attained in a gate valve apparatus which includes a housing having a
passageway defined therein for a fluent material, a generally planar gate,
and means for supporting the gate within the housing. The means for
supporting allows movement of the gate between a position that covers the
passageway and position that does not block the passageway. The movement
is in opposed first and second directions that are generally parallel to
the generally planar gate. The apparatus also includes an annular seal
carried on the housing around the perimeter of the passageway; and means
for moving the gate in a direction substantially perpendicular to the
generally planar gate. The means for moving includes a first shaft, having
a first axial portion that is disposed in eccentric relationship to other
axial portions of the first shaft and a first roller carried on the first
axial portion of the first shaft, the first roller includes a bearing
allowing free rotational movement about the first axial portion of the
first shaft.
In some forms of the invention the means for moving includes a second
shaft, the second shaft has a first axial portion that is disposed in
eccentric relationship to other axial portions of the third shaft, a
second roller is carried on the first axial portion of the second shaft,
the second roller includes a bearing allowing free rotational movement
about the first axial portion of the third shaft.
The means for moving may include a third shaft having a first axial portion
that is disposed on eccentric relationship to other axial portions of the
third shaft and a third roller carried on the first axial portion of the
third shaft, the third roller includes a bearing allowing free rotational
movement about the first axial portion of the third shaft.
The means for moving may include a fourth shaft having a first axial
portion that is disposed in eccentric relationship to other axial portions
of the fourth shaft, a fourth roller carried on the first axial portion of
the fourth shaft, the fourth roller includes a bearing allowing free
rotational movement about the first axial portion of the fourth shaft.
In other forms of the invention the apparatus includes means for rotating
the first, second, third and fourth shafts to urge the rollers carried on
the respective first axial portions against the gate and move the gate to
compress the seal. This means may include at least a first pneumatic
cylinder and a mechanical over-center linkage coupling the first pneumatic
cylinder and the first and second shafts. The linkage may have a locking
position which the linkage will maintain after once been attained followed
by a failure of the pneumatic supply to the first pneumatic cylinder. The
linkage may include an S-shaped arm fixed to the first shaft and a second
arm fixed to the second shaft.
The means for supporting may include an intermediate roller disposed to
engage the gate when the first, second, third and fourth rollers to are
not engaged with the gate. Each of the various embodiments of the
invention may use bearings that are needle bearings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The invention will be better understood by reference to the accompanying
drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is a front view of one embodiment of the gate valve in accordance
with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the valve shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view taken alone the line 3--3 of FIG. 2
illustrating the mechanism for moving the gate between the open and closed
positions in greater detail.
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view taken alone the line 4--4 of FIG. 2
and illustrating the mechanism for moving the gate into sealing engagement
with the elastomeric seal.
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view taken alone the line 5--5 of FIG. 2
and illustrating the speed reducing mechanism that provides a mechanical
advantage for manual operation of the gate positioning mechanism shown in
FIG. 3.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2 there is shown a valve in accordance with a
preferred form of the invention. The valve includes a body 10 to which is
attached a bonnet 12. The bonnet 12 eliminates the need for packing around
the gate 16 and the maintenance required for such packing. A port 13 in
the bonnet 12 is connected to a seal air system (not shown) to provide
positive pressure within the bonnet 12 and thus prevent passage of
particulate material into the bonnet 12.
The body 10 has a 19 inch diameter opening 14 for passage of the
particulate material in the illustrated embodiment. (Other preferred forms
of the invention have openings of other sizes.) The opening 14 is closed
by a generally planar gate 16. As best seen in FIG. 2 the gate 16 is
movable to a closed position in which the gate 16 completely overlaps the
opening 14. Alternatively, the gate 16 is movable to an open position
indicated by reference numeral 16A. In the latter position the gate 16 is
withdrawn partially from the housing 10 into the bonnet 12.
The mechanism for moving the gate 16 is shown in greater detail in FIG. 3.
An internally threaded sleeve 18 is secured by a stud 20 and nut 22 to the
gate 16. An externally threaded shaft 24 cooperates with the sleeve 18.
Rotation of the shaft 24 causes axial movement of the sleeve 18 along the
axial extent of the shaft 24 and thereby the movement of the gate 16. Top
and bottom access covers 19, 19 allow access through the bonnet 12.
The shaft 24 is connected to a 6:1 speed reducer 28 as best seen in FIG. 5.
An input shaft 30 is coupled to a hand wheel (not shown) for manual
operation of the valve. The speed reducer 28 caused a mechanical advantage
for movement of the heavy gate 16.
A mechanical position indicator 32, visible in FIG. 2, is an elongated rod
that has an axial travel of approximately 1.5 inches. Movement of the gate
causes surfaces on the gate to contact the rod and move the rod to
indicate the gate position. The tip of the indicator 32 will ordinarily be
painted a conspicuous color to provide a visual indication of the gate 16
position.
The mechanism for sealing the gate 16 is independent of the mechanism for
moving the gate 16 from the open to the closed position. As best seen in
FIG. 4 the perimeter of the opening 14 is provided with a triangular
cross-section seal 40. The seal 40 has one vertex disposed in interfering
relationship with the face of the gate 16 when the gate 16 is moved
upwardly into the sealed position. The triangular seal 40 is advantageous
because it provides a high contact pressure with a relatively low
compression force requirement. The seal 40 is secured by an annular
retainer 41 to the housing 10. More specifically, bolts 43 secure the
retainer 41 to the housing 10. (For drawing clarity the location of the
seal 40 and retainer 41 has been rotated 9 degrees inches from the actual
location.)
During normal operation, after the gate 16 is moved to the closed position,
the position best seen in to FIG. 2 in which the gate overlaps the opening
14, the gate 16 is raised vertically to engage and compress the seal 40.
The gate 16 is raised by means of four vertical motion rollers 42. Each of
the rollers 42 is mounted on an eccentric axial part of a shaft 44 carried
in a bronze journal bearing 46 that is fixed to the housing 10. It will be
understood that the shaft 44 is shaped somewhat like an automobile engine
crankshaft. In other words, axial portions are concentric with a common
centerline, and other axial portions are eccentric with respect to the
common centerline. In the preferred embodiment the eccentric portions on
which each roller 42 is mounted is eccentric about 3/16 of an inch. Each
of the rollers 42 is two inches in diameter. Rotation of the shaft 44
through a 90 degree angle results in 3/16 inch of vertical motion which is
sufficient for adequate seal compression.
The journal bearing 46 is provided with a first grease fitting 48 and a
second grease fitting 50. The fittings 48, 50 enable good lubrication of
the shaft 44 and roller 42 to minimize friction and the force required to
rotate the shaft 44. The journal bearing 46 structure is replaceable from
the exterior of the valve. This is of importance because maintenance of
the valve may more easily be performed.
In the preferred embodiment each roller 42 includes a needle bearing that
allows free rotational movement of that roller 42 about the eccentric
axial portion of the shaft 44 on which the roller 42 is mounted for
rotation. Other bearing forms may be utilized in other embodiments. The
needle bearing is particularly desirable because the small size permits
the use of a larger diameter shaft 44 and thus ensure adequate structural
rigidity.
Rotation of the eccentric shaft 44 is achieved with two pneumatic cylinders
54, 54 which are coupled to the shaft 44 by an over-center mechanical
leakage. It will be understood that the linkage is adjustable. The
preferred embodiment has the linkage adjusted so that the linkage has an
over center locking position. As best seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, each
pneumatic cylinder 54 is carried on the bonnet 12 by yoke and pin
arrangement 56. The piston shaft 58 is connected to an axial extremity of
an S-shaped arm 60 that is fixed to an eccentric shaft 44. The S-shaped
arm 60 is pivotally joined at the other axial extremity to a rod 62 that
is fixed to the free end of an arm 64 that is fixed to a second eccentric
shaft 44. The arm 64 is disposed at an angle of 45 degrees to a
perpendicular to the gate 16 in the sealed position of the gate 16. This
linkage is adjusted so that pressure within the cylinders 54 causes
rotation of each of the four eccentric shafts 44, 44.
As best seen in FIG. 2 there are four rollers 42 that contact the gate 16.
Two of the rollers 42 are carried on eccentric axial portions of first and
second shafts 44, 44 that are fixed respectively to first and second arms
64, 64. Two other rollers 42, 42 are carried on eccentric axial portions
of third and fourth shafts 44. The third and fourth shafts are
respectively fixed to first and second S-shaped arms 60, 60. Accordingly,
the rotation of the four shafts 44, 44 causes the four rollers 42, 42, 42,
42 to push against the gate 16 and thus to raise the gate 16 and seat the
gate 16 against the seal 40.
When the pneumatic pressure is applied to the cylinders 54, 54 the linkage
coupling the cylinders 54, 54 to the four shafts 44, 44 44, 44 will move
to an over-center position. This position is a locking position that will
be maintained even if pneumatic pressure is inadvertently lost within the
cylinders 54. Thus, unintentional loss of pneumatic pressure in the
cylinders does not endanger personnel working downstream of the valve.
Preferably the cylinder 54 is a double acting cylinder and piston assembly
to which pneumatic pressure may be applied in a manner that will move the
linkage out of the over-center position to the position shown in phantom
in FIG. 1.
Two intermediate coaxial roll assemblies 65 (one shown in FIG. 1) are
carried on shafts (not shown) fixed to the housing 10. The roll assemblies
65 are provided to support the gate 16 when the gate is not engaged by the
rollers 42. Thus, when the rollers 42 are not forcing the gate 16 against
the seal 40 the gate 16 will move downwardly to rest on the roll
assemblies 65 as well as the four rollers 42, 42, 42, 42 which are rotated
to the down position. In other words the gate 16 is supported by six
rollers in down position. The six rollers are the four rollers 42 and the
two roll assemblies 65. In this position the gate 16 is supported for
horizontal movement caused by the shaft 24.
The invention has been described with reference to its illustrated
preferred embodiment. Persons skilled in the art of such devices may upon
exposure to the teachings herein, conceive other variations. Such
variations are deemed to be encompassed by the disclosure, the invention
being delimited only by the following claims.
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