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United States Patent | 5,534,661 |
Maughan | July 9, 1996 |
An inbred maize line, designated PHKW3, the plants and seeds of inbred maize line PHKW3, methods for producing a maize plant produced by crossing the inbred line PHKW3 with itself or with another maize plant, and hybrid maize seeds and plants produced by crossing the inbred line PHKW3 with another maize line or plant.
Inventors: | Maughan; Kory W. (Lincoln County, NE) |
Assignee: | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. (Des Moines, IA) |
Appl. No.: | 381172 |
Filed: | January 31, 1995 |
Current U.S. Class: | 800/275; 47/DIG.1; 435/412; 800/303; 800/320.1 |
Intern'l Class: | A01H 005/00; A01H 004/00; A01H 001/00; C12N 005/04 |
Field of Search: | 800/200,250,205,DIG. 56 47/58.03,58.05 438/240.4,240.45,240.49,240.5,172.3 |
4812599 | Mar., 1989 | Segebart. | |
5157206 | Oct., 1992 | Noble | 800/200. |
Foreign Patent Documents | |||
160390 | Nov., 1985 | EP. |
Conger, B. V., et al. (1987) "Somatic Embryogenesis From Cultured Leaf Segments of Zea mays", Plant Cell Reports, 6:345-347. Duncan, D. R., et al. (1985) "The Production of Callus Capable of Plant Regeneration From Immature Embryos of Numerous Zea mays Genotypes", Planta, 165:322-332. Edallo, et al. (1981) "Chromosomal Variation and Frequency of Spontaneous Mutation Associated with in Vitro Culture and Plant Regeneration in Maize", Maydica, XXVI: 39-56. Green, et al., (1975) "Plant Regeneration From Tissue Cultures of Maize", Crop Science, vol. 15, pp. 417-421. Green, C. E., et al. (1982) "Plant Regeneration in Tissue Cultures of Maize" Maize for Biological Research, pp. 367-372. Hallauer, A. R. et al. (1988) "Corn Breeding" Corn and Corn Improvement, No. 18, pp. 463-481. Meghji, M. R., et al. (1984). "Inbreeding Depression, Inbred & Hybrid Grain Yields, and Other Traits of Maize Genotypes Representing Three Eras", Crop Science, vol. 24, pp. 545-549. Phillips, et al. (1988) "Cell/Tissue Culture and In Vitro Manipulation", Corn & Corn Improvement, 3rd Ed., ASA Publication, No. 18, pp. 345-387. Poehlman (1987) Breeding Field Crop, AVI Publication Co., Westport, Ct., pp. 237-246. Rao, K. V., et al., (1986) "Somatic Embryogenesis in Glume Callus Cultures", Maize Genetics Cooperative Newsletter, No. 60, pp. 64-65. Sass, John F. (1977) "Morphology", Corn & Corn Improvement, ASA Publication. Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 89-109. Songstad, D. D. et al. (1988) "Effect of ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxyclic acid), Silver Nitrate & Norbonadiene on Plant Regeneration From Maize Callus Cultures", Plant Cell Reports, 7:262-265. Tomes, et al. (1985) "The Effect of Parental Genotype on Initiation of Embryogenic Callus From Elite Maize (Zea mays L.) Germplasm", Theor. Appl. Genet., vol. 70, pp. 505-509. Troyer, et al. (1985) "Selection for Early Flowering in Corn: 10 Late Synthetics", Crop Science, vol. 25, pp. 695-697. Umbeck, et al. (1983) "Reversion of Male-Sterile T-Cytoplasm Maize to Male Fertility in Tissue Culture", Crop Science, vol. 23, pp. 584-588. Wright, Harold (1980) "Commercial Hybrid Seed Production", Hybridization of Crop Plants, Ch. 8: 161-176. Wych, Robert D. (1988) "Production of Hybrid Seed", Corn and Corn Improvement, Ch. 9, pp. 565-607. Lee, Michael (1994) "Inbred Lines of Maize and Their Molecular Markers", The Maize Handbook Ch. 65:423-432. Boppenmaier, et al., (1991) "Comparsons Among Strains of Inbreds for RFLPs", Maize Genetics Cooperative Newsletter, 65, p. 90. |
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION INBRED = PHKW3 ______________________________________ Type: Dent Region Best Adapted: North Central A. Maturity: Average across maturity zones. Zone: 0 GDU Shed: 1380 GDU Silk: 1420 No. Reps: 53 B. Plant Characteristics: Plant height (to tassel tip): 220 cm Length of top ear internode: 14 cm Number of ears per stalk: Single Ear height (to base of top ear): 80 cm Number of tillers: None Cytoplasm type: Normal C. Leaf: Color: (WF9) Medium Green* Angle from Stalk: 30-60 degrees Marginal Waves: (WF9) Few Number of Leaves (mature plants): 20 Sheath Pubescence: (W22) Light Longitudinal Creases: (OH56A) Few Length (Ear node leaf): 77 cm Width (widest point, ear node leaf): 9 cm D. Tassel: Number lateral branches: 10 Branch Angle from central spike: > 45 degrees Pollen Shed: Medium based on Pollen Yield Test (97% of experiment means) Peduncle Length (top leaf to basal branches): 25 cm Anther Color: Yellow* Glume Color: Green* E. Ear (Husked Ear Data Except When Stated Otherwise): Length: 13 cm Weight: 112 gm Mid-point Diameter: 45 mm Silk Color: Salmon* Husk Extension (Harvest stage): Long (8-10 cm beyond ear tip) Husk Leaf: Medium (8-15 cm) Taper of Ear: Extreme Position of Shank (dry husks): Upright Kernel Rows: Slightly curved, indistinct Number = 20 Husk Color (fresh): Light Green* Husk Color (dry): Buff* Shank Length: 12 cm Shank (No. of internodes): 9 F. Kernel (Dried): Size (from ear mid-point) Length: 12 mm Width: 7 mm Thick: 5 mm Shape Grade (% rounds): 40-60 (43% medium round based on Parent Test Data) Pericarp Color: Colorless* Aleurone Color: Homozygous Yellow* Endosperm Color: Yellow* Endosperm Type: Normal Starch Gm Wt/100 Seeds (unsized): 25 gm G. Cob: Diameter at mid-point: 27 mm Strength: Strong Color: White* H. Diseases: Corn Lethal Necrosis (MCMV = Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus and MDMV = Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus): Susceptible N. Leaf Blight (E. turcicum): Intermediate Common Rust (P. sorghi): Resistant Gray Leaf Spot (C. zeae): Intermediate Stewart's Wilt (E. stewartii): Susceptible Head Smut (S. reiliana): Resistant Fusarium Ear Mold (F. moniliforme): Resistant Gibberella Ear Rot (G. zeae): Intermediate Anthracnose Stalk Rot (C. graminicola): Susceptible I. Insects: European Corn Borer-1 Leaf Damage (Preflowering): Resistant European Corn Borer-2 (Post-flowering): Susceptible The above descriptions are based on a scale of 1-9, 1 being highly susceptible, 9 being highly resistant. S(Susceptible): Would generally represent a score of 1-3. I(Intermediate): Would generally represent a score of 4-5. R(Resistant): Would generally represent a score of 6-7. H(Highly Resistant): Would generally represent a score of 8-9. Highly resistant does not imply the inbred is immune. J. Variety Most Closely Resembling: Character Inbred Maturity PHN82 Usage PHN82 ______________________________________ *In interpreting the foregoing color designations, reference may be had t the Munsell Glossy Book of Color, a standard color reference. PHN82 (PVP Certificate No. 8900317) is a Pioneer HiBred International, Inc. proprietary inbred. Data for Items B, C, D, E, F, and G is based primarily on a maximum of four reps from Johnston, Iowa grown in 1993 and 1994, plus description information from the maintaining station.
TABLE 2 ______________________________________ ELECTROPHORESIS RESULTS FOR PHKW3 AND ITS PARENTS PHN82 AND PHN63 PARENTS LOCI PHKW3 PHN82 PHN63 ______________________________________ ACP1 4 2 4 ADH1 4 4 4 CAT3 9 9 9 DIA1 8 8 8 GOT1 4 4 4 GOT2 4 4 4 GOT3 4 4 4 IDH1 4 4 4 IDH2 4 6 4 MDH1 6 6 6 MDH2 3 3.5 3 MDH3 16 16 16 MDH4 12 12 12 MDH5 12 12 12 MMM 4 4 4 PGM1 9 9 9 PGM2 4 3 4 PGD1 2 3.8 2 PGD2 5 5 5 PHI1 4 4 4 ______________________________________
TABLE 3A __________________________________________________________________________ PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON DATA VARIETY #1 = PHKW3 VARIETY #2 = PHN82 __________________________________________________________________________ BU BU STK RT STA TST VAR PRM ACR ACR MST LDG LDG GRN WTA # SHD ABS % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN __________________________________________________________________________ TOTAL SUM 1 108 72.1 129 96 103 91 84 99 2 110 65.8 118 101 102 109 118 96 LOCS 2 4 4 8 4 5 10 4 REPS 2 8 8 12 8 7 13 8 DIFF 2 6.3 11 6 1 18 33 3 PROB .168 .455 .468 .023+ .649 .067* .021+ .052* __________________________________________________________________________ GRN SDG EST STK PLT EAR BRT GDU VAR APP VGR CNT CNT HT HT STK SHD # % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN __________________________________________________________________________ TOTAL SUM 1 109 88 92 93 99 102 106 96 2 103 80 100 101 86 87 106 100 LOCS 3 32 71 71 27 26 9 57 REPS 5 43 121 97 35 34 12 75 DIFF 6 8 7 8 13 14 0 4 PROB .423 .150 .063* .019+ .000# .000# .528 .000# __________________________________________________________________________ * = 10% SIG + = 5% SIG # = 1% SIG
TABLE 3B __________________________________________________________________________ PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON DATA VARIETY #1 = PHKW3 VARIETY #2 = PHN63 __________________________________________________________________________ BU BU STK STA TST VAR ACR ACR MST LDG GRN WTA # ABS % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN __________________________________________________________________________ TOTAL SUM 1 71.9 140 98 107 101 101 2 40.9 80 80 106 88 102 LOCS 2 2 2 2 3 2 REPS 4 4 4 4 6 4 DIFF 31.1 61 18 1 13 1 PROB .006# .001# .024+ .500 .498 .223 __________________________________________________________________________ SDG EST STK PLT EAR GDU VAR VGR CNT CNT HT HT SHD # % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN __________________________________________________________________________ TOTAL SUM 1 83 96 100 103 105 101 2 92 95 94 87 84 102 LOCS 6 8 5 3 3 3 REPS 12 14 9 5 5 4 DIFF 8 1 5 16 20 1 PROB .773 .955 .594 .124 .084* .479 __________________________________________________________________________ * = 10% SIG + = 5% SIG # = 1% SIG
TABLE 3C __________________________________________________________________________ PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON DATA VARIETY #1 = PHKW3 VARIETY #2 = PHP55 __________________________________________________________________________ BU BU STK RT STA TST VAR PRM ACR ACR MST LDG LDG GRN WTA # PRM SHD ABS % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN __________________________________________________________________________ TOTAL SUM 1 106 106 90.5 110 98 100 95 83 99 2 107 106 88.3 107 97 99 107 80 93 LOCS 3 7 14 14 14 10 7 19 13 REPS 3 7 27 27 27 19 11 27 25 DIFF 1 0 2.2 3 2 2 12 3 6 PROB .155 .913 .614 .619 .587 .588 .100 .753 .000# __________________________________________________________________________ GRN SDG EST STK PLT EAR DRP BRT GDU VAR APP VGR CNT CNT HT HT EAR STK SHD # % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN __________________________________________________________________________ TOTAL SUM 1 99 88 92 96 98 103 100 105 98 2 93 76 96 95 98 94 100 102 98 LOCS 6 56 97 82 43 42 4 17 72 REPS 11 76 170 122 61 60 8 22 87 DIFF 6 12 3 1 0 8 1 3 0 PROB .659 .050* .411 .741 .947 .000# .182 .014+ .935 __________________________________________________________________________ * = 10% SIG + = 5% SIG # = 1% SIG
TABLE 3D __________________________________________________________________________ PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON DATA VARIETY #1 = PHKW3 VARIETY #2 = PHJ90 __________________________________________________________________________ BU BU STK RT STA TST VAR PRM ACR ACR MST LDG LDG GRN WTA # PRM SHD ABS % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN __________________________________________________________________________ TOTAL SUM 1 106 106 84.5 121 98 99 98 77 99 2 104 104 76.7 104 92 96 105 49 96 LOCS 3 9 22 22 28 14 10 21 17 REPS 3 9 43 43 49 28 16 30 33 DIFF 2 1 7.8 1 7 6 3 7 28 2 PROB .087* .040+ .025+ .017+ .001# .296 .065* .003# .000# __________________________________________________________________________ GRN SDG EST STK PLT EAR DRP BRT GDU VAR APP VGR CNT CNT HT HT EAR STK SHD # % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN __________________________________________________________________________ TOTAL SUM 1 99 93 93 97 98 103 100 107 98 2 92 101 102 101 90 97 100 101 95 LOCS 9 62 111 93 47 46 5 21 81 REPS 17 79 178 127 68 67 10 27 88 DIFF 7 9 8 4 8 6 0 5 3 PROB .494 .065* .002# .062* .000# .000# .374 .031+ .000# __________________________________________________________________________ * = 10% SIG + = 5% SIG # = 1% SIG
TABLE 3E __________________________________________________________________________ PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON DATA VARIETY #1 = PHKW3 VARIETY #2 = PHR31 __________________________________________________________________________ BU BU STK RT STA TST VAR PRM ACR ACR MST LDG LDG GRN WTA # PRM SHD ABS % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN __________________________________________________________________________ TOTAL SUM 1 106 106 94.5 104 97 96 93 73 98 2 104 107 81.5 89 89 101 95 63 95 LOCS 3 7 10 10 10 6 5 16 8 REPS 3 7 19 19 19 12 8 21 15 DIFF 3 1 13.0 15 8 5 1 9 3 PROB .167 .239 .166 .154 .061* .106 .743 .481 .007# __________________________________________________________________________ GRN SDG EST STK PLT EAR DRP BRT GDU VAR APP VGR CNT CNT HT HT EAR STK SHD # % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN __________________________________________________________________________ TOTAL SUM 1 99 97 95 97 98 103 100 106 98 2 99 93 101 102 97 105 100 104 99 LOCS 4 41 69 55 35 35 2 15 63 REPS 7 47 103 71 47 47 4 17 67 DIFF 0 4 6 5 2 2 0 2 1 PROB .975 .450 .104 .082* .176 .402 .500 .084* .089* __________________________________________________________________________ * = 10% SIG + = 5% SIG # = 1% SIG
TABLE 4 __________________________________________________________________________ Average Inbred By Tester Performance Comparing PHKW3 to PHAP9 Crossed To The Same Inbred Testers And Grown In The Same Experiments. Values Are Expressed As Percent Of The Experiment Mean Except Predicted RM, Selection Index, and Yield (BU/ACR) __________________________________________________________________________ SEL BU GDU PRM STK RT STA INBRED PRM IND ACR YLD MST SHD SHD LDG LDG GRN __________________________________________________________________________ TOTAL REPLIC. 108 97 108 108 108 31 20 93 51 45 MEAN WTS PHKW3 104 111 148 110 99 98 104 100 100 104 MEAN WTS PHAP9 105 100 135 100 99 98 103 103 101 108 DIFF 1 12 13 9 1 0 0 3 2 5 __________________________________________________________________________ TST GRN SDG EST STK PLT EAR DRP BRT INBRED WTA APP VGR CNT CNT HT HT EAR STK __________________________________________________________________________ TOTAL REPLIC. 93 43 42 63 126 52 52 68 29 MEAN WTS PHKW3 102 105 121 101 100 100 100 100 103 MEAN WTS PHAP9 101 99 100 100 100 103 103 100 100 DIFF 1 6 21 1 0 3 3 0 3 __________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 5A __________________________________________________________________________ VARIETY #1 = PHKW3 HYBRID VARIETY #2 = PHAP9 HYBRID __________________________________________________________________________ BU BU PLT EAR SDG EST VAR ACR ACR MST HT HT VGR CNT # ABS % MN ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS __________________________________________________________________________ TOTAL SUM 1 147.3 112 24.4 102.5 43.8 6.6 55.8 2 132.7 101 24.5 106.5 44.7 5.6 55.5 LOCS 61 61 61 32 32 35 49 DIFF 14.7 11 0.1 4.0 1.0 1.0 0.3 PROB .000# .000# .768 .000# .119 .000# .601 __________________________________________________________________________ DRP GDU GDU TST GRN STA STK VAR EAR SHD SLK WT APP GRN LDG # ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS __________________________________________________________________________ TOTAL SUM 1 99.7 125.6 123.9 56.0 7.0 4.6 90.5 2 99.3 125.8 125.1 55.3 6.4 5.1 94.2 LOCS 33 1 9 12 62 25 28 53 DIFF 0.4 0.2 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.4 3.6 PROB .244 .807 .137 .000# .037+ .311 .018+ __________________________________________________________________________ * = 10% SIG + = 5% SIG # = 1% SIG
TABLE 5B __________________________________________________________________________ VARIETY #1 = PHKW3 HYBRID VARIETY #2 = PHAP9 HYBRID __________________________________________________________________________ BU BU PLT EAR SDG EST VAR ACR ACR MST HT HT VGR CNT # ABS % MN ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS __________________________________________________________________________ TOTAL SUM 1 162.6 106 21.2 102.3 44.2 6.0 62.0 2 156.4 101 24.4 108.3 47.8 5.8 61.4 LOCS 11 11 11 6 6 4 5 DIFF 6.2 5 3.1 6.0 3.7 0.3 0.6 PROB .320 .298 .030+ .088* .066* .809 .697 __________________________________________________________________________ DRP GDU TST GRN STA STK VAR EAR SHD WT APP GRN LDG # ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS __________________________________________________________________________ TOTAL SUM 1 100.0 1315 55.3 5..5 3.3 95.6 2 99.8 1333 53.8 6.0 4.0 96.7 LOCS 9 4 9 2 4 10 DIFF 0.2 18 1.5 0.5 0.8 1.0 PROB .347 .379 .014+ .910 .391 .511 __________________________________________________________________________ * = 10% SIG + = 5% SIG # = 1% SIG
TABLE 5C __________________________________________________________________________ VARIETY #1 = PHKW3 HYBRID VARIETY #2 = PHJ90 HYBRID __________________________________________________________________________ BU BU PLT EAR SDG EST VAR ACR ACR MST HT HT VGR CNT # ABS % MN ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS __________________________________________________________________________ TOTAL SUM 1 148.4 115 20.1 101.0 44.8 7.0 59.6 2 135.5 103 19.8 101.4 44.6 6.0 59.0 LOCS 14 14 14 9 9 3 5 DIFF 12.9 1 1 0.3 0.4 0.2 1.0 0.6 PROB .012+ .012+ .400 .721 .880 .225 .704 __________________________________________________________________________ DRP GDU TST GRN STA STK VAR EAR SHD WT APP GRN LDG # ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS __________________________________________________________________________ TOTAL SUM 1 99.8 1348 55.8 5.5 4.8 96.8 2 100.0 1340 54.6 5.0 3.0 95.5 LOCS 10 5 9 2 6 12 DIFF 0.2 08 1.2 0.5 1.8 1.3 PROB .343 .688 .335 .930 .006# .235 __________________________________________________________________________ * = 10% SIG + = 5% SIG # = 1% SIG
TABLE 5D __________________________________________________________________________ VARIETY #1 = PHKW3 HYBRID VARIETY #2 = PHAP9 HYBRID __________________________________________________________________________ BU BU PLT EAR SDG VAR ACR ACR MST HT HT VGR # ABS % MN ABS ABS ABS ABS __________________________________________________________________________ TOTAL SUM 1 153.5 121 25.8 95.0 46.6 6.0 2 141.2 110 23.6 97.0 51.2 4.7 LOCS 7 7 8 5 5 3 DIFF 12.3 11 2.1 2.0 4.6 1.3 PROB .009# .014+ .011+ .220 .077* .057* __________________________________________________________________________ DRP GDU TST STA STK VAR EAR SHD WT GRN LDG # ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS __________________________________________________________________________ TOTAL SUM 1 100.0 1295 54.3 6.0 96.8 2 100.0 1295 54.5 5.0 97.6 LOCS 7 2 8 1 7 DIFF 0.0 00 0.2 1.0 0.8 PROB 1.00 1.00 .621 .679 __________________________________________________________________________ * = 10% SIG + = 5% SIG # = 1% SIG