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United States Patent |
5,505,957
|
D'Angelo
,   et al.
|
April 9, 1996
|
Selectable dosage transdermal delivery system
Abstract
A transdermal drug delivery system is disclosed. The system comprises a
laminate composite of a patch/skin permeable membrane; a transfer gel
layer disposed on said permeable membrane; a permeable membrane disposed
on said transfer gel layer; a plurality of sectional drug reservoirs for
receiving medicament disposed on the transfer gel layer; and activation
means for releasing medicament from said drug reservoirs for contact with
skin of a patient. The medicament in contained in the reservoirs at
varying amounts and/or concentrations, providing for selectable dosage,
for sequential delivery, for sequential activation, for variable unit dose
drug delivery in transdermal application.
Inventors:
|
D'Angelo; Joseph P. (Miami, FL);
Schur; Henry (Miami, FL)
|
Assignee:
|
International Medical Associates, Inc. (Miami, FL)
|
Appl. No.:
|
232826 |
Filed:
|
April 22, 1994 |
Current U.S. Class: |
424/449; 602/41; 602/43; 602/58; 604/304; 604/890.1 |
Intern'l Class: |
A61R 013/00 |
Field of Search: |
424/449
604/890.1,304
602/41,43,58
|
References Cited
U.S. Patent Documents
4666441 | May., 1987 | Andriola | 604/897.
|
4756423 | Jul., 1988 | Holtsch | 206/533.
|
4904475 | Feb., 1990 | Gale et al. | 424/449.
|
4917676 | Apr., 1990 | Heiber et al. | 424/449.
|
4917688 | Apr., 1990 | Nelson | 604/306.
|
4998623 | Mar., 1991 | Doull | 206/531.
|
5064422 | Nov., 1991 | Wick | 424/449.
|
5071656 | Dec., 1991 | Lee et al. | 424/449.
|
Primary Examiner: Phelan; D. Gabrielle
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Lerner; Herbert L., Greenberg; Laurence A.
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This is a division of application Ser. No. 07/952,049 filed Sep. 28, 1992
now U.S. Pat. No. 5,336,213, which is a continuation-in-part of copending
application Ser. No. 927,837, filed Aug. 10, 1992, which is a
continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 865,309, filed Apr. 8, 1992,
now abandoned.
Claims
We claim:
1. A transdermal drug delivery system, comprising a laminate composite of:
(a) a first permeable membrane to be placed in contact with a patient's
skin;
(b) a transfer gel layer disposed on said first permeable membrane;
(c) a second permeable membrane disposed on said transfer gel layer;
(d) a reservoir layer disposed above said second permeable membrane, said
reservoir layer being formed of medicament micro-encapsulated in a
multiplicity of frangible microspheres; and
(e) activation means for activating said microspheres and releasing a given
amount of medicament from said microspheres in said reservoir layer for
contact with the patient's skin, said activation means including a slide
tab with a wedge mechanism for rupturing said microspheres.
2. The drug delivery system according to claim 1, wherein said reservoir
layer is formed of strips of micro-encapsulated medicament, said strips
being separated from one another, and wherein said slide tab with the
wedge mechanism variably activates a given amount of microencapsulated
medicament of a respective one of said strips.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to transdermal delivery systems which allow for the
variable dosage and or moltiple dosage of medicament in a patient
controllable or pre-set format.
2. Description of the Related Art
Transdermal drug administration has recently come to the forefront as a
useful route for continuous dosing of useful drugs where other means of
administration are either discontinuous, labor intensive or where other
routes present absorption or inactivation problems. Whereas per os
administration has been time honored i.e. "a teaspoonful three times a
day", such unit dose administration was subject to erratic blood levels of
the actives due to non-uniform absorption from the gut due to other gut
contents or inactivation of the drug actives by the digestion process or
the normal action of the liver.
In addition, the need for active periodic administration i.e. three times a
day, required active and willing participation by the patient or in home
or hospital settings by the caregiver i.e. mother or nurse.
All these shortcomings are obviated by transdermal application where
possible, of the drugs. A patch is adhered to a clear area of the skin and
the drug is continually absorbed through the skin into the bloodstream for
systemic distribution.
The skin is particularly useful as it presents large areas for drug
administration, as the skin is the largest organ of the body. The utility
of such a mode of administration has been demonstrated to those skilled in
the art, as described, for example, in my copending application Ser. No.
865,309.
Almost any drug, at least to some degree, can be administrated
transdermally. Reference is herewith had to U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,917,676,
3,598,122; 3,598,123; 3,742,951; 3,797,494; 3,948,254; 3,996,734;
4,284,444; and 4,597,961. Examples of such pharmacological actives include
administration of antibacterial such as the penicillins, tetracyclines,
second and third generation cephalosporins, chlor-amphenicol sulfonamides;
sedatives and/or hypnotics, such as barbiturates, carbromal, antijussives
such as codeine and dextromethorphan; anti-anxiety drugs such as the
benzodiazepines including diazepam, buspirone; psychostimulants such as
imipramine amitriptyline and other tricyclic anti-depressants; anti
psychotic drugs and tranquilizers such as lithium, chlorpromazine and
haloperidol, reserpine, thiopro-pazate; Parkinsonism control agents such
as bromotriptine, percolide, the anticholmergics including benzotropine,
pro-cyclidine, amantadine (also an antiviral); hormones and hormone
antagonists and agonists, including adrenocortico-steroids; insulin,
androgenic steroids, estrogenic and pro-gestrogenic steroids, thyroxin and
its agonist 5-FU(fluoro-uracil), tamoxifen; antipvretics and analgesics
such as aspirin/acetaminophen and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAID), analgesics based on morphine; morphine antagonists;
vasodilating agents such as nitro-glycerine, isorbide dinitrate; alpha
beta-blockers and other cardioactive drugs; antimalarials; anti-histamines
and anti-cholinergics including atropine hyoscyamine or methscopalo-mine
(for motion sickness; weaning agents such as nicotine for addiction to
tobacco; and antiasthmatic bronchodilators such as formoterol; and
combinations of such pharmaceutical actives.
Of course, while feasible, not all of these actives have yet been
completely tested for efficacy by transdermal administration but many are
under vigorous scrutiny. Other actives at this time are not economically
viable for such administration, as the cost of full safety testing is too
great for the specific number of patients involved.
As can be seen from this background discussion and the history of this type
of medication, it is apparent that application by transdermal patch is a
useful form for the administration of medication. However, a single dose
per patch does not allow for clinical variations through adjustable dosage
selection.
Various techniques of transdermal administration of drugs have been
disclosed in the art. However, the prior art does not allow for variable
dosage within a single patch or for sequential dosage within a single
patch.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is accordingly the main object of the invention to provide a selectable
dosage, transdermal drug delivery system, which overcomes the
hereinafore-mentioned disadvantages of the heretofore-known devices of
this general type and which allows for sequential activation, variable
dosage, sequential delivery and/or continuously selectable dosage in a
single patch assembly.
It is a further object of this invention to deliver a clinical dosage of
medicament over a range of clinically established dosages that may be
predetermined by those skilled in the healing arts. For example: variable
dosage selection.
It is another object of this invention that the dosage, once selected can
be fixed in a "command-and-demand", non-alterable, patient-useable
transdermal delivery system. For example: a physician can prescribe a
particular dosage within the normal clinical range of the medicament and
the pharmacist or other health care provider can preset that dosage on the
patch so as to preempt potential error by the patient.
It is a further object of this invention that the delivery system is
designed so that the integrity of the patch itself is not compromised by
the setting of the dosage and remains in an aseptic condition until used
by the patient. This is accomplished by providing the dosage setting
device external to and removeable from the body of the patch. The present
best mode embodiment of this invention is to have the patch contained
within an outer package that will contain the herein described setting
mechanism.
It is a further objective of this invention that the variable dosage patch
may or may not be activated upon setting of the dosage. The activation may
take place at a later time as required by the clinical condition. For
example the pharmacist may set several patches, which remain set and the
dosage unalterable because the setting mechanism has been removed. However
the previously selected dosage of medicament is only released upon
activation by the patient or attendant. This allows for the containment of
medicament in a sealed environment thus preserving its biological activity
until released to the transfer gel for delivery through the patch/skin
interface membrane to the patient.
It is a further object of this invention that more than one medicament
reservoir can be released for any given delivery. This provides the
advantage of having the option for different medicament reservoirs to
contain different medicaments, activators, enhancers or other chemicals
which may be necessary or desirable for simultaneous delivery. Also, each
medicament within each medicament reservoir will be isolated from the
others during storage. Reference is herewith made to U.S. Pat. No.
4,666,441 owned by Ciba-Geigy Corp., which teaches the need for a
plurality of reservoirs to separate incompatible medicaments.
It is another object of this invention to provide for a delivery system
which, due to its multi-reservoir system with individually releasable
options, allows for sequential delivery of a particular medicament over a
prescribed time by activation by the patient.
It is a further object of this invention to provide each variable dosage or
multiple dosage with a means to inform the wearer or attendant concerning
the dosage, activation or set point for administration of each unit dose.
It is another object whereas a single application steady state dosing may
not serve the best needs of the patient and be inconsistent with accepted
clinical practice and to provide a method of multiple sequential dosing in
those cases. Additionally, this invention allows for the variation where
needed in dose levels within a single "patch".
Further objects and ancillary benefits will be apparent from the disclosure
of the invention which consists of a variable dose and or multiple
unit-dose transdermal patch assembly. This invention includes the various
drugs that can be delivered in unit doses, configurations of such
assemblies, storage of the drugs within the assembly and includes delivery
systems for the drugs from storage areas in the assembly to the skin,
various systems for activating each unit-dose of the assembly, various
means for indicating activation of each unit-dose, and various means to
assure that the dosages are only delivered upon command and demand by the
patient and to prevent accidental release.
While the example above discloses a circular patch, the container form may
also be rectangular, oval or irregular in form depending on positioning of
the assembly on the body or limbs. Configuration of the assembly is
dictated by the ultimate positioning of the assembly in areas where
adhesion, absorption, and contact with clothes limbs and body hair are to
be taken into account.
The number of unit doses included in each assembly depends on the size of
the reservoirs to configure a convenient size. Generally four to ten unit
doses are convenient with seven units preferred as permitting a single
application of the drug once a day, or several times a day depending on
the medicament and clinical application.
The principle of single unit doses in the multiple dose assembly is
particularly useful as only a limited amount of the drug actives is
exposed to the skin for transdermal absorption. When non-segregated
multiple doses, as taught by the prior art are used, there arise problems.
With the foregoing and other objects in view there is provided, in
accordance with the invention, a transdermal drug delivery system,
comprising a laminate composite of:
(a) a patch/skin permeable membrane;
(b) a transfer gel layer disposed on the permeable membrane;
(c) a permeable membrane disposed on the transfer gel layer;
(d) a reservoir structure disposed above the permeable membrane, the
reservoir structure having a plurality of drug reservoirs formed therein
for receiving medicament;
(e) activation means for releasing medicament from the drug reservoirs for
contact with skin of a patient.
In accordance with another feature of the invention, the drug delivery
system includes a capillary distribution layer disposed between the
permeable membrane and the reservoir structure, the capillary distribution
layer being means for causing uniform distribution of medicament into the
transfer gel and for assuring substantially complete emptying of a
respectively activated drug reservoir.
In accordance with a further feature of the invention, the delivery system
includes means for transferring the medicament from the drug reservoirs to
the capilliary distribution space and for assuring complete and even
draining of a respective drug reservoir upon activation. The transferring
means may be effected by wicking action, by osmotic pressure or by a
pressurized medicament well.
In accordance with an added feature of the invention, the reservoir
structure with the drug reservoirs includes:
(a) an impervious lower layer having a plurality of windows formed therein,
the windows including seal means to be punctured for releasing medicament
from the reservoir for contact with the skin of the patient;
(b) an impervious upper layer disposed above the lower layer and having
channels formed therein for receiving puncture pins and having a plurality
of windows formed therein, the windows formed in the upper layer being
aligned with the windows formed in the lower layer.
In accordance with again another feature of the invention, the activation
means include a dial rotatably supported on the reservoir structure,
puncture pins supported in the dial, and means for locking the dial in a
respective rotational position after a given dosage of medicament is
released.
In accordance with again an added feature of the invention, the delivery
system includes means for preventing an accidental release of medicament.
In accordance with again a further feature of the invention, the delivery
system includes indicator means for indicating initiation of
administration of a unit dose from a respective reservoir upon activation.
The indicator means may be of a visual, olfactory and auditory nature.
In accordance with again an additional feature of the invention, the
delivery system includes means for securing the laminate composite to the
skin of the patient.
In accordance with yet another feature of the invention, the reservoirs are
provided to receive varying amounts and concentrations of medicament, and
the delivery system includes means for selecting a given dosage of
medicament to be administered by releasing medicament from a given
reservoir.
In accordance with yet a further feature of the invention, the delivery
system provides for individually and sequentially selecting given
reservoirs for sequential administration of medicament to the skin of the
patient.
With the objects of the invention in view, there is further provided, in
accordance with yet an additional feature of the invention, a reservoir
layer formed of micro-encapsulated medicament disposed above the permeable
membrane. Variable amounts of medicament may be released by breaking only
a given amount of microcapsules.
In accordance with a concomitant feature of the invention, the reservoir
layer is formed of strips of micro-encapsulated medicament, the strips
being separated from one another, and the activation means are in the form
of a slide tab with a wedge mechanism for variably activating a given
amount of microencapsulated medicament of a respective one of the strips.
Other features which are considered as characteristic for the invention are
set forth in the appended claims.
Although the invention is illustrated and described herein as embodied in a
selectable dosage, transdermal drug delivery system it is nevertheless not
intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications
and structural changes may be made therein without departing from the
spirit of the invention and within the scope and range of equivalents of
the claims.
The construction of the invention, however, together with additional
objects and advantages thereof will be best understood from the following
description of the specific embodiment when read in connection with the
accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an elevational, cross-sectional, exploded view of a first
embodiment of the delivery system hereinafter called the clock dial
assembly;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 with the upper
assembly and the lower assembly in a normal, abutting position prior to
activation of the device;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the clock dial of FIG. 1 after the
activation of the device;
FIG. 4 is a perspective, exploded view of the clock dial embodiment with
the dial or upper assembly, the grooved plate or middle assembly and the
sectional drug reservoir or lower assembly shown separate from one
another;
FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4 showing an upper assembly in the form of
a bezel which can be rotated to select the appropriate drug reservoir;
FIG. 6 is a perspective, exploded view of a sequentially delivered unit
dose transdermal drug delivery system.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the assembly of FIG. 6 as seen along
the section plane A--A, the left-hand side of the figure showing a drug
reservoir prior to activation and the right-hand side showing a drug
reservoir after activation;
FIG. 8 is a perspective, exploded viw of a sequentially activated,
selectable dosage transdermal drug delivery system in a circular
configuration;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the assembly of FIG. 8 as seen along
the section plane B--B, prior to activation;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the assembly of FIG. 8 as seen along
the section plane B--B, after activation;
FIG. 11 is a perspective, partly broken-away view of a sequentially
activated, selectable dosage transdermal drug delivery system in a
rectangular configuration;
FIGS. 12a, 12b and 12c are enlarged, partial, cross-sectional views of a
transdermal drug delivery system with micro-encapsulated medicament;
FIG. 13a is an cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 12 as seen
perpendicular to FIGS. 12a-12c with the selectable dosage tab or slide tab
in a sliding position; and
FIG. 13b is a view similar to FIG. 13a, showing the tab in a locked
position.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the figures of the drawing in detail and first,
particularly, to FIGS. 1 and 2 thereof, there is seen an transdermal drug
delivery system 1 which is comprised of an upper assembly 2 and lower
assembly 9. The upper assembly 2 includes a molded solid disk or dial 3,
and protruding therefrom a number of puncture pins 4, two locking pins 5,
a fluted spindle 6, a pointer 8 and a dial knob 7.
The lower assembly 9 includes a grooved plate 10, through which the
puncture pins 4 descend, thereby puncturing an upper film 26, and passing
through a medicament 11 which is contained in sectional drug reservoirs
12, and then continuing to puncture through a lower film 27 and into a
capillary distribution space 13. Medicament 11 flows past the puncture
pins 4 into the capillary distribution space 13, thereby filling the
space. The medicament 11 then diffuses through a protective membrane 14,
into a transfer gel 15 and through a patch/skin interface membrane 16. At
this point, the medicament is ready for absorption into the skin.
The position of the solid disk or dial 3 is controlled by turning the
attached dial knob 7 to one of six positions which thereby sets the
dosage. Prior to setting the dosage, a tamper-evident safety seal 28 must
be removed. The solid disk 3 rotates clockwise with the fluted spindle 6
acting as an axis of rotation. The fluted spindle 6 and a cylinder 18 are
each grooved in such a manner that only one position can be accessed at a
time. After turning the dial 3 by means of the dial knob 7 to the desired
position, and upon application of downward pressure, the upper assembly 2
descends, thus causing the locking pins 5 to engage in a locking ring 17
in the desired position. Once the locking pins 5 have engaged in the
locking ring 17, the position of the dial 3 is permanently fixed and
cannot be changed without the application of considerable force. As the
upper assembly 2 descends and is locked into place, the puncture pins 4
rupture cellophane films 26 and 27, so that the respective sectional drug
reservoir 12 releases the medicament 11 into the capillary distribution
space 13 and into the transfer gel 15.
The dial know 7 may be attached to the solid disk 3 with adhesive. After
the upper assembly 2 is locked into place, the dial 7 with the pointer 8
can be removed and discarded.
The ability to rotate solid disk 3 to set the dosage may also be
accomplished by a separate key, which would obviate the necessity for the
dial knob 7. Setting the dosage could then be accomplished by inserting
the key into the like-keyed disk, rotating to the appropriate dosage and
removing the key. This would provide the advantage of using one key to set
a variety of clock dials.
Referring now to FIG. 3 in detail, there is shown the embodiment of FIGS. 1
and 2 in the activated state, but prior to the removal of the dial knob 7
and the pointer 8. The locking pins 5 have been engaged into the locking
ring 17 and the puncture pins 4 have been lowered through the film seals
26 and 27 and the medicament flows from the sectional drug reservoirs 12
into the capillary distribution space 13.
Referring now to the exploded views of FIG. 4 in detail, the upper assembly
2 is shown as the uppermost disk, and the lower assembly 9 has been
separated into two disks, namely the grooved plate 10, in the middle, and
the sectional drug reservoir 12, on the bottom. The puncture pins 4 ride
in the grooved plate 10 and are rotated by dial 7 and pointer 8 until they
are aligned with the appropriately selected drug reservoir, shown as cells
1-6.
In FIG. 4, the shaded area depicts that portion of the drug cell containing
medicament 11 and the unshaded area depicts that portion of the drug cell
without medicament. Located at the center of the circle is the locking
ring 17 and the cylinder 18.
There are six possible dosage setting positions which can be selected by
rotating the pointer 8 to the desired position. In position #1 the
puncture pin above drug cell #1 will pierce a cell which is filled with
medicament and has no voided area. All the other five puncture pins 4 will
pierce the voided regions of cells 2-6 and no medicament will be released
from any cell other than drug cell #1.
When the pointer is turned clockwise to position #2 and downward pressure
is applied to the upper assembly 2, the puncture pins above drug cells 1
and 2 will pierce the portion of those cells containing medicament 11. All
other puncture pins will pierce the voided sections of the other four
cells and no medicament will be released from any cells other than numbers
1 and 2.
When the pointer is turned clockwise to position 3, downward pressure will
release the medicament in three cells. In position #4 medicament in four
cells will be released and in position #5 medicament in five cells will be
released.
When the pointer is turned clockwise to position #6 and downward pressure
is applied to the upper assembly 2, the puncture pins 4 above all six drug
cells will pierce the portions of those cells containing medicament 11.
The setting in position #6 will release the maximum medicament dosage of
the patch.
Referring now to FIG. 5 in detail, there is shown a slightly varied
embodiment from that of FIG. 4. The entire upper assembly is a bezel which
can be rotated to select the required reservoir. This variation
circumvents the need for the dial knob 7 and the pointer 8. Naturally, the
upper assembly disk 3 is provided with a diameter slightly greater than
that of the lower assembly 9, in order to provide a better grip for the
hand during the setting of the dosage, i.e. the rotating of the dial 3.
Referring now to FIGS. 6 and 7 in detail, there is seen a further
embodiment of the invention. The laminate composite shown includes a
skin/patch interface membrane 16, transfer gel 15, a protective membrane
14, the capillary distribution space 13 and the sectional drug reservoirs
12. The sectional drug reservoirs each include:
(a) an impervious lower layer impressed therewith into each individual
reservoir a window, or plurality of windows, which can be punctured,
thereby releasing medicament for contact with the skin of the patient.
(b) an impervious upper layer which is impressed with a plurality of
windows which align with the windows in lower layer (a).
The lower assembly 9 includes an alignment plate 29, through which the
puncture pins 4 descend, thereby puncturing through upper film 26, and
passing through medicament 11 which is contained in the sectional drug
reservoir 12, and then continuing to puncture through lower film 27 and
into the capillary distribution space 13. The medicament 11 flows past the
puncture pins 4 into the capillary distribution space 13, thereby filling
the space. Medicament 11 then diffuses through the protective membrane 14,
into the transfer gel 15 and through the patch/skin interface membrane 16,
after which it is ready for absorption into the skin.
The transfer of the medicament from the drug reservoirs to the capilliary
distribution space may be aided by using wicking action, osmotic pressure,
a pressurized medicament well or tother means. These aids are known to
those skilled in the art to assure the complete and even draining of the
desired sectional drug reservoirs.
The alignment plate 29 is provided with a plurality of puncture pins 4. The
number of pins 4 corresponds to the number of windows provided in the
alignment plate 29 and on the bottom of the reservoirs 12. Each of the
pins activates one of the medication reservoirs 12 by the application of
downward pressure. Each puncture pin 4 has a preactivation safety lock
groove 30 to prevent the accidental release of medicament. When downward
pressure is applied to the top of the puncture pin 4, the puncture pin 4
breaks through the preactivation safety lock 30 and descends and is locked
into a medicament release position by a post-activation safety lock 31.
The pre-activation position of the pin 4 is shown on the left-hand side of
FIG. 7 and the post-activation position is shown on the right-hand side.
As a puncture pin locks into the post-activation safety lock 31, an
indicating means (visual, olfactory or auditory) will inform the wearer or
attendant that the medicament has been activated.
The advantage of this device over existing devices in the industry is that
it allows for the sequential, timed delivery of a medicament in a
"command-and-demand" fashion. By way of an example, an antibiotic, for
example penicillin, is normally prescribed to be taken several times a
day, generally per oral. By using the device of the instant specification,
the patient can conveniently administer the required dosage via the
transdermal route by activation of a reservoir at the prescribed time
interval. Another example is seen with medications which require
continuous daily dosages over a prescribed course of time, which could now
be more effectively administered by the patient. For example, nicotine
therapy currently requires daily application of medicament over an
extended time frame. Use of the aforementioned transdermal drug delivery
system would eliminate the daily changing of nicotine patches, thus
assuring better patient compliance.
Referring now to FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 in detail, there is shown a laminate
composite including the skin/patch interface membrane 16, the transfer gel
15, the protective membrane 14, the capillary distribution space 13 and a
sectional drug reservoir plate 36. The sectional drug reservoir plate
includes reservoirs as described above. Again, the windows on the upper
assembly align with the windows in the lower layer.
The sectional drug reservoir plate 36 is comprised of individual sections A
through F with each section containing three individual medicament wells
(1 through 3) and one non-medicament well 38. Each medicament well within
a section may contain a different concentration of the medicament within
each well.
The upper assembly includes slide carrier plate 32, a plate 29, through
which slide puncture pins 33 descend, thereby puncturing through the upper
film 26, and passing through the medicament 11 which is contained in the
sectional drug reservoir plate 36, and then continuing to puncture through
the lower film 27 and into the capillary distribution space 13. The
medicament 11 flows past the slide puncture pins 33 into the capillary
distribution space 13, thereby filling the space. Thereafter, the
medicament 11 diffuses through the protective membrane 14, into the
transfer gel 15 and through patch/skin interface membrane 16, until it is
ready for absorption into the skin.
Set within the slide carrier plate 32 are slide puncture pins 33 which ride
within a slot 35. The slide puncture pins 33 are moved along the slot 35
to select the appropriate drug dosage within each reservoir section.
Each slot 35 and slide puncture pin 33 may be covered by a removeable
safety strip 39 which prevents the accidental release of medicament. The
safety strip 39 also holds down the slide puncture pins 33 which are
initially set in alignment with the non-medicament well 38. The
non-medicament well 38 advantageously contains a resilient material which
will cause the slide puncture pin 33 to raise up upon removal of the
safety strip 39, thereby allowing for the selection of medicament dosage.
The foregoing description, as well as the following information, is
applicable to the rectangular embodiment of FIG. 11 as well. The slide
puncture pins 35 are moved along the slot 35 to an individual medicament
well within a reservoir section by pushing the pin to an alignment notch
37. Each medicament well within the reservoir section has a corresponding
alignment notch 37.
Release of the medicament 11 from a medicament well 12 is effected by the
action of sliding a puncture pin in slot 35 to the alignment notch 37
which corresponds with the desired medicament and pressing downward on the
puncture pin. As the downward pressure is applied to the slide puncture
pin, concurrently with the release of the medicament, the slide puncture
pin is permanently locked into place by post-activation safety lock 31.
As a puncture pin 35 locks into the post activation safety lock 31, an
indicating means (visual, olfactory or auditory) will inform the wearer or
attendant that the medicament has been activated.
Each reservoir section may or may not contain similar medicament and each
well within the reservoir section may or may not contain uniform variants
in concentration of medicament. The advantage of this feature over prior
art is that this transdermal drug delivery system allows for the variable
dosage selection within a given delivery dispension and concurrently if so
desired can administer concomitant medicament as the particular treatment
modiality may indicate. Additionally, the described invention also allows
for the sequential delivery of medicaments over a longer period of time,
i.e. several days, by the activation of any reservoir section within that
time period.
It is additionally feasible by the removal of post activation safety lock
31 to allow for the multiple delivery of medicament from each reservoir
section.
FIG. 11 is a rectangular variation of the embodiment of FIG. 8. The patch
of FIG. 11 provides the additional advantage of allowing a more versatile
number and size of medicament wells and reservoir sections due to its
rectangular configuration. This allows for more variation in its
application. For example, a rectangular patch may be more easily secured
to certain parts of the anatomy especially in regard to smaller or younger
users.
The puncture pins 33 are individually actuable by the application of
downward pressure. Each puncture pin has a preactivation safety lock
groove 30 to prevent the accidental release of medicament. When downward
pressure is applied to the top of puncture pin 4, the puncture pin breaks
through preactivation safety lock 30 and descends and is locked into the
medicament release position via post activation safety lock 31.
Referring now to FIGS. 12 and 13 in detail, which show a further embodiment
of the invention, the slide tabs 40 are not connected to internal puncture
pins, as shown in FIG. 11, but instead to an activation mechanism for
micro-encapsulated medicament. General information on micro-encapsulation
and the tear-and-release action associated therewith may be found in
copending applications Ser. No. 865,309, filed Apr. 8, 1992, and Ser. No.
07/927,837, filed Aug. 10, 1992, of which the instant application is a
continuation-in-part. The disclosures of those applications are herewith
incorporated by reference.
A wedge-shaped attachment 41 on the slide tab 40 slides along the
medicament layer 42 and thus tears and releases a given amount of
micro-encapsulated medicament upon contact. With reference to FIG. 12c,
for instance, the medicament capsules on the right are not broken yet, the
region under the wedge-shaped attachment 41 is passive in terms of
medicament transfer, and the region to the left of the wedge-shaped
attachment 41 now transfers medicament to the patient's skin. The layers
14, 15 and 16 are permeable, and thus allow the medication to proceed from
the medicament layer to the patient's skin.
A ratchet-type surface 43 provides a certain resistance against sliding by
the slide tab 40. After the slide tab 40 has been moved a given distance,
i.e. it has raptured a given number of micro-capsules and has released a
given amount of medicament, the slide tab 40 is pushed downward.
The ratchets 43 now engage in corresponding notches 44 provided on the
slide tab 40. Due to the pitch of the ratchet surface 43, the slide tab 40
may still be moved towards the left in FIG. 12, but not towards the right,
which would cause more medicament to be released. Furthermore, a dove-tail
locking mechanism 45, 46 is provided for the slide tab 40. When the slide
tab 40 is pressed downward, the tail 46 hooks into the corresponding
cutout 45 and thus holds the tab 40 in its lower position. The slide tab
40 on the left-hand side of FIG. 13 is shown in the locked position, while
the adjacent slide tab 40 partially shown on the right-hand side is in the
sliding, i.e. upper position.
All embodiments of the invention may also, if needed, include a means for
transferring medicament from the drug reservoirs by the use of wicking
action, osmotic pressure, pressurized medicament well or other means known
to those skilled in the art to assure the complete and even draining of
the drug reservoir.
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