Back to EveryPatent.com
United States Patent |
5,336,307
|
Horvat
,   et al.
|
August 9, 1994
|
Marker pencil
Abstract
A marker pencil comprises a gel-like water-bearing pencil material enclosed
in a casing and incorporating a dye carrier. The structure-forming
constituents of the pencil material include water-soluble metal soaps and
saccharides and/or polyols derived therefrom by reduction. As a further
alternative constituent the pencil material may include a fatty substance.
Inventors:
|
Horvat; Ivan (Weissenburg, DE);
Schweizer; Manfred (Eckenhaid, DE);
Stoecklein; Thomas (Nuremburg, DE)
|
Assignee:
|
Schwan-Stabilo Schwanhaeusser GmbH & Co. (Nuremburg, DE)
|
Appl. No.:
|
042610 |
Filed:
|
April 2, 1993 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
Current U.S. Class: |
106/31.94; 106/31.95; 401/49; 401/82 |
Intern'l Class: |
C09D 013/00 |
Field of Search: |
106/19 B,19 C,19 E,27 R,28 A,22 F
401/82
|
References Cited
U.S. Patent Documents
2365802 | Dec., 1944 | Browse | 401/82.
|
3360489 | Dec., 1967 | Grossman et al. | 106/19.
|
3861943 | Jan., 1975 | Grainger | 106/19.
|
4256492 | Mar., 1981 | Matsumoto et al. | 106/22.
|
4461496 | Jul., 1984 | Ludwig | 106/27.
|
4500221 | Feb., 1985 | Emerson | 401/82.
|
5169439 | Dec., 1992 | Horvat et al. | 106/22.
|
Foreign Patent Documents |
3421408 | Jan., 1986 | DE.
| |
58-162673 | Sep., 1983 | JP | 106/28.
|
Primary Examiner: Green; Anthony
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Bachman & LaPointe
Claims
We claim:
1. A marker pencil comprising a casing and a marking pencil material
enclosed in the casing, wherein the pencil material comprises:
a dye carrier;
structure forming constituents comprising at least one water soluble metal
soap in an amount of between about 5% to about 40% by weight of the pencil
material, and at least one member selected from the group consisting of
monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polyols derived therefrom by
reduction, in an amount of between about 5% to about 50% by weight of the
pencil material; and
water in an amount of between about 15% to about 65% by weight of the
pencil material.
2. A marker pencil as set forth in claim 1 wherein the pencil material has
thixotropic characteristics.
3. A marker pencil as set forth in claim 1 wherein the pencil material
contains at least one fatty substance in an amount between of about 5% to
about 25% by weight of the pencil material, said fatty substance serving
as a further structure-forming constituent and to improve adhesion and
reduce drying time of a pencil mark on a surface to which said pencil
material is applied.
4. A marker pencil as set forth in claim 3, wherein said fatty substance is
selected from the group consisting of natural wax, synthetic wax, solid
triglycerides of C.sub.18 -C.sub.36 fatty acids, liquid triglycerides of
C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 fatty acids, stearines, paraffin oil and vegetable oil.
5. A marker pencil as set forth in claim 3 wherein said proportion of fatty
substance is between about 8 and 15% by weight.
6. A marker pencil as set forth in claim 1 wherein a proportion of metal
soap is between about 8 and 20% by weight.
7. A marker pencil as set forth in claim 1 wherein a proportion of
saccharide in the pencil material is between about 5 and 50% by weight.
8. A marker pencil as set forth in claim 7 wherein said proportion of
saccharide is between about 25 and 40% by weight.
9. A marker pencil as set forth in claim 1 wherein a proportion of polyol
in the pencil material is between about 5 and 50% by weight.
10. A marker pencil as set forth in claim 9 wherein said proportion of
polyol is between about 25 and 40% by weight.
11. A marker pencil as set forth in claim 1 wherein the solvent contained
in the pencil material is water and the proportion thereof in the pencil
material is between about 15 and 65% by weight.
12. A marker pencil as set forth in claim 11 wherein said proportion of
water is between about 30 and 40% by weight.
13. A marker pencil as set forth in claim 1 wherein a predominant
proportion of the metal soap comprises sodium stearate and the pencil
material further contains at least one potash soap of at least one member
selected from the group consisting of saturated and unsaturated fatty
acids.
14. A marker pencil as set forth in claim 1 wherein the dye carrier
includes a daylight fluorescent dye.
15. A marker pencil as set forth in claim 1 wherein said casing provides
means for protecting the pencil material to prevent said pencil material
from drying out.
16. A marker pencil as set forth in claim 1 and further including a housing
in which the pencil is interchangeably disposed, and a cap adapted to
cover an applicator end of the pencil.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Many different designs of marker pencils for producing colored lines and
markings and the like are known. In regard to the configuration of their
writing member which comprises a solid material, a distinction is to be
made between lead pencils and chalks. Thus for example while colored
pencils have a thin lead which is enclosed and supported by a casing,
colored chalks do not require such a casing by virtue of their
substantially greater thickness, in comparison with colored pencils, the
thickness of chalks being for example about between 7 and 10 mm.
The lead and chalk materials of marker pencils and chalks, besides a
coloring agent or dye carrier, also contain a binding agent and a
lubricating and adhesive substance, while various filler substances may
also be added. The binding agent, for example cellulose derivatives and
plastic materials, afford the leads and chalks adequate strength, that is
to say a degree of strength which withstands the pressure applied thereto
in situations of use. The lubricating and adhesive substances ensure that
the pencil can glide smoothly over the surface of the item or material on
which a marking is to be produced, for example the surface of a sheet of
paper, while producing a marking which adheres firmly to that surface. For
that purpose the leads may be impregnated with a grease or fatty
substance. In the case of the leads or pencil leads which are referred to
as wax pencils or wax pencil leads and also in the case of chalks, the
fatty substances such as paraffin, animal and vegetable fats, Japan wax,
stearines or synthetic waxes are incorporated into the pencil lead
material. Besides the fatty substances, the pencils or pencil leads may
also include water-soluble and/or water-insoluble metal soaps in order to
improve the slidability of the pencil. If the metal soaps are
water-soluble, they also act as an emulsifier for the fatty substances,
but they do not represent a structure-forming constituent for the lead or
the pencil.
The emulsifier effect of the metal soaps is however restricted to the
manufacturing process as the water which is temporarily present in the
pencil or lead material, by virtue of the deformability thereof, is
removed after the shaping operation, by drying at elevated temperature.
It is possible to modify the physical properties and in particular the
hardness of the pencil or the pencil lead by virtue of a suitable
selection of the binding agent and the fatty substances used. The coloring
effect produced substantially depends on the chemical composition of the
pencil material, in which respect an important consideration is that the
marking which is left behind on the paper is intensively colored.
Colored leads and colored chalks are basically produced by a procedure in
which solvents (water or mixtures of water with water-soluble organic
solvents) are added to dry pencil material in order to impart thereto a
consistency which is required for shaping by means of extrusion or
screw-pressing, and the extruded material is then cut to the desired
length and then dried. Lead materials with a higher content of fats and
waxes can be formed into elongate portions by known extrusion processes,
without the addition of solvents, and then cut to the desired length. The
extrusion operation may possibly be carried out at elevated temperature.
Although the writing properties of the above-described marking pencils may
be modified to a certain extent by varying the proportions and the
chemical composition of the above-mentioned base constituents and also by
the addition of auxiliary constituents, for many purposes the marking
effect of even those pencils which are adjusted to have a low level of
hardness is still found not to be sufficiently soft. That would also apply
for example in the situation where a marker pencil of the above-described
kind incorporated a fluorescent dye carrier such as for example a daylight
fluorescent dye with which written text on an article such as a sheet of
paper is to be particularly emphasised by rubbing the pencil over same.
The color or fluorescent effect would also suffer from the point that,
when using such a pencil, too little pencil material and thus also an
inadequate amount of dye carrier is applied to the paper.
For that reason, hitherto marker pens have been used for the last-mentioned
purpose, which comprise a housing which accommodates a dyestuff solution
(ink) and a capillary storage member for the solution, and a capillary
member for conveying the dyestuff solution from the interior of the
housing outwardly and for applying it to the paper. In that situation the
liquid discharge of the dyestuff is found to be more pleasant and
agreeable in comparison with the above-described colored lead pens and
colored chalks, in particular when the marking to be produced is to be
particularly wide and the capillary writing tip is made from a soft
material.
However, in order for the tip of the marker to enjoy sufficient strength
throughout the entire period of use of the marker, particularly when such
tips are used in a refillable marker pencil, the tips have to be made from
a suitable, preferably sintered plastic material. That however means that
although such writing tips are resilient, they do however present a
certain degree of basic hardness which excludes permanent deformation of
the tip.
If a marker of that kind is used to cover a large wide area for example on
a sheet of paper, as is frequently required by artists and in graphic
design, then the use of such markers frequently results in the coloring
effect being stripey and streaky and generally uneven, which is
undesirable. That then does not provide a uniform even marking.
When a dye pigment which is dispersed in the fluid is used, problems can
arise due to blockage of the capillaries of the applicator member.
Finally, the plastic components which are used in liquid markers, such as
the housing, storage member and applicator member, which generally involve
different kinds of plastic materials, give rise to a relatively high level
of expenditure on material and thus a relatively high level of overall
costs, while in addition causing major problems in regard to disposal and
in particular in regard to recycling the different kinds of plastic
materials. Conventional liquid markers can hitherto only be subjected to
energy recycling by way of a refuse incinerator installation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide a marker having a dye
carrier such as a dyestuff or pigment which is uniformly distributed or
homogeneously dissolved in the pencil material by being incorporated
therein.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a marker pencil which
in comparison with known colored leads and chalks permits a much softer
and also thicker application of markings to a surface such as paper.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a marker which
is also suitable for use on smooth surfaces such as for example paper with
a substantial coating of size thereon or high-glaze paper or foil for
daylight projectors as well as metal, plastic material and even skin.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a marker by
means of which a fluorescent dye and more especially a daylight
fluorescent dye can be applied as a marking to a surface in order to
particularly emphasise for example written texts or the like already on
that surface by highlighting same.
In accordance with the present invention, the foregoing and other objects
are achieved by a marker pencil or marker comprising a marking pencil
material which is enclosed in a casing and into which a dye carrier is
incorporated. The pencil material contains at least one water-soluble
metal soap and mono- and/or oligo-saccharide and/or polyol derived
therefrom by reduction as structure-forming constituents which, together
with a water component contained in the pencil material, form a gel-like
structure.
When in connection with the invention reference is made to a gel-like
structure, it will be appreciated that this refers only to its stable and
easily deformable consistency, and not to a structure which is
characteristic of a colloid system.
The constituents of the pencil material are preferably so matched to each
other that the pencil material has thixotropic properties.
The material contained in the marker pencil according to the invention is
of a composition or structure which is completely different from the
above-discussed prior colored pencils and leads.
In order further to improve the adhesion of the pencil marking produced
with the marker pencil according to the invention and to reduce the drying
time of the marking, the invention in a preferred feature provides that
the pencil material, as a further structure-forming constituent, contains
fatty substances such as fat-like substances and/or waxes or wax-like
substances. The addition of such fatty substances provides that the
markings produced are more quickly resistant to being wiped off,
particularly upon being applied to a surface which is non-absorbent or
only slightly absorbent. The proportions of the constituents of the pencil
material are preferably so matched to each other that the pencil can be
used on a writing substrate such as a sheet of paper, with a soft action,
while leaving behind a wide coherent marking.
By virtue of its structure which is defined by the combination of metal
soap/saccharide/polyol, the marker pencil according to the invention has
writing or marking properties which can be considered as lying between
those of the above-mentioned liquid markers and solid colored pencils and
chalks, while the marking effect produced is noticeably softer and
smoother, so that the marker pencil glides easily over the surface to
which the marking is to be applied, and is in particular more uniform and
more intensive in color, both in comparison with liquid markers and also
colored pencils and chalks.
Particularly good results and pencil properties are achieved if the
proportion of water-soluble metal soap in the pencil material is between
about 5 and 40% by weight, preferably between 8 and 20% by weight. When
using a fat-bearing pencil material, it is found to be advantageous for
the amount of metal soap used to be matched to the proportion of fatty
substance. In that respect the ratio of soap: fatty substance is generally
between 2:1 and 2:3, preferably 3:2 and 1:1. In the pencil material
according to the invention the water-soluble metal soap not only acts as
an emulsifier for fatty substances contained therein, but it also
represents a structure-forming constituent for the finished pencil.
Preferably the proportion of saccharide or polyol in the pencil material
according to the invention is between about 5 and 50% by weight,
preferably between about 25 and 40% by weight. The amount of saccharide or
polyol in the pencil material generally predominates over the proportion
of metal soap; the ratio of saccharide or polyol: metal soap is
advantageously between about 1:1 and 5:1, preferably between about 2:1 and
3:1. The total of the proportions of metal soap and saccharide in the
pencil material should be at least about 40% by weight and preferably
about 50% by weight.
The amount of water in the pencil material according to the invention is
general between about 15 and 65% by weight, preferably between about 30
and 40% by weight. In contrast to the production of the solid pencil leads
referred to above, which contain fatty substances and metal soaps, the
procedure for the production of the pencil material according to the
invention does not involve removing the water from the pencil material
after shaping thereof, which also contributes to the marker pencil
according to the invention having writing and marking properties which are
not comparable to the known pencil leads.
The properties of the pencil material can be modified in various ways by
admixing a water-soluble organic solvent with the water. Thus the addition
of a glycol compound such as for example ethylene, propylene, butylene,
diethylene or triethylene glycol imparts a transparent writing
characteristic to the pencil material. In this respect the use of
1,2-propylene glycol has proven to be particularly advantageous.
The proportion in the pencil material according to the invention of
dyestuff or pigment, which may be soluble, is generally between about 0.1
and 10% by weight, preferably between about 0.5 and 5% by weight. Very
bright dyestuffs or pigments are preferred in this respect. The materials
used may also include organic dye pigments which are contained in aqueous
plastic material dispersions, in which the actual dye carrier is bonded to
the dispersed plastic material particles. The desired amount of water can
be introduced into the pencil material at the same time when using a
dispersion.
The marker pencil according to the invention can be used as an alternative
to liquid markers if the pencil material incorporates a fluorescing
dyestuff, more especially for example a daylight fluorescent dye such as
for example hydroxy pyrene trisulfonic acid (Pyranine C.I. Solvent Green 7
No. 59.040) or C.I. Basic Violet 10 No. 45.170 (Rhodemine B).
If fatty substances are to be included in the pencil material according to
the invention, the proportion thereof is generally between about 5 and 25%
by weight, preferably between about 8 and 15% by weight. The fatty
substances used may be natural waxes such as beeswax, Japan wax, carnauba
wax or synthetic imitations comparable thereto (commercially available
beeswax and Japan wax substitutes) based on paraffins and natural or
synthetic triglycerides, which are suitably incorporated into the pencil
lead material. Further suitable fatty substances for that purpose are also
solid triglycerides of C.sub.18 -C.sub.36 fatty acids, liquid
triglycerides of C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 fatty acids (referred to as neutral
oils) and stearines. An addition of paraffin oil has also been found to be
suitable. Vegetable oils with iodine values of over 60 are less suitable
if the aim is to achieve very good resistance to being wiped off.
Besides improving the resistance to being wiped off, incorporation of fatty
substances into the pencil material also promotes quick drying of the
marking produced by the marker.
If no fatty substance is added to the pencil material, a particularly
pronounced thixotropic effect is observed when the marker pencil is used
to apply a marking to a writing substrate such as a sheet of paper, that
is to say the pencil lead liquefies under a pressure applied thereto. That
pronounced thixotropic effect results in the marker pencil having a very
pleasant feel when it is used for writing, marking and so forth. It will
be appreciated in that respect that a lower level of resistance to being
wiped off and slower drying of the markings produced have to be accepted,
in particular when the marker pencil is being used on a smooth surface.
The metal soaps which are involved in forming the pencil structure
according to the invention are preferably alkali metal soaps, more
preferably sodium and potash soaps of higher fatty acids, in particular
stearic, palmitic and oleic acids and mixtures thereof. It has also been
found that sodium and potash soaps of behenic and erucic acids are
suitable.
As the specified soaps have an alkaline reaction in aqueous solution, it is
possible in accordance with the invention for them to be used in a
particularly effective manner with those dyestuffs which, like for example
pyranine, require an alkaline medium for developing their luminosity.
The consistency of the pencil material according to the invention can be
regulated by suitable qualitative and quantitative selection of the soaps.
When using for example sodium stearate as the sole or predominant soap
constituent, a comparatively firm structure is obtained, which however can
be made softer by adding at least one potash soaps of saturated and/or
unsaturated fatty acids, for example potassium oleate. Potassium stearate
and sodium and potassium oleate alone are not so highly suitable for the
purposes according to the invention. Potassium stearate and oleate produce
pencil leads of a pronouncedly soft consistency while sodium oleate gives
pencil leads which are almost as flexible as rubber.
The action of the other basic constituent of the pencil material according
to the invention, that is to say the saccharide or the polyol derived
therefrom by reduction is manifested in a clear structuring effect which
is possibly caused by secondary valence bonds between the carboxyl group
of the fatty acids and the hydroxyl groups of the saccharide or polyol.
When there is a marked excess of saccharide or the polyol derived
therefrom by reduction, the adhesive properties of that group are
particularly pronounced. However the saccharides or polyols also have the
effect of increasing luminosity and light-fastness, as described in U.S.
Pat. No. 5,169,439for use thereof in a liquid marker containing a pyranine
solution. In principle any mono- and oligo-saccharides such as for example
di- and trisaccharides and the polyols derived therefrom by reduction can
be used for the purposes of the invention. Saccharose, maltose, lactose,
glucose, fructose, xylitol and sorbitol can preferably be considered in
this respect. It will be appreciated that the various saccharides like the
various metal soaps can be used as a mixture.
It has already been indicated above that the marker pencil according to the
invention is comparable in terms of its external shape and its dimensions
to known colored chalks. It may be for example of a cylindrical or
parallelepipedic shape of a length of several centimeters, preferably for
example between 3 and 5 centimeters, so that the pencil has a
comparatively wide applicator surface so that, by virtue of that surface
being pressed against the article on which markings or writing are to be
produced, the wide line effect which the pencil according to the invention
seeks to achieve can be produced without a stripe or streaky effect within
the marking. The diameter or edge length of the marker pencil at the base
is generally between 5 and 15 mm. As however it contains a solvent,
preferably water, it is desirably provided with a suitable casing which
prevents the solvent from evaporating or drying out. The casing is
advantageously of such a configuration that the pencil material disposed
therein can be interchanged or can be replaced by a fresh pencil member
after the previous one has been used up. For that purpose the marker
pencil according to the invention can be used for example in an applicator
implement which is equipped with a rotary mechanism, for example of the
kind described in German utility model No. 90 07 332 to which reference
may be directed and which is particularly appropriate by virtue of its
compact construction.
It will be noted that the marker pencil according to the invention does not
give rise to a disposal problem to the extent that this is a difficulty
with conventional liquid markers.
A further advantage of the marker pencil according to the invention, in
comparison with liquid markers, is that it can apply thicker lines to the
article or surface on which it is used, and therefore more intensive
marker effects can also be achieved.
A further advantage in comparison with colored chalks is that the residual
water content in the pencil material means that it is also possible to use
soluble dyestuffs, with relatively low levels of concentration being
adequate in that respect.
Colored chalks do not use soluble dyestuffs at all or they use only
temporarily dissolved dyestuffs. Therefore, when they are brought into
use, it is only possible to produce pale color shades, even when
comparatively high levels of dyestuff concentration are employed.
A further advantage is that the marker pencil according to the invention
can be used for marking on water-soluble inks, for example on texts or
other markings made by a fountain pen, ballpoint pen or fine-liner,
immediately after drying thereof, without causing smudging or blurring.
A further advantage is that rhodamines and combinations of rhodamines with
other water-soluble dyestuffs fluoresce without the addition of resins or
resin dispersions which are conventionally used in liquid markers.
If the pencil material of the marker pencil according to the invention has
thixotropic properties, due to the composition involved, manufacture using
the known processes of pencil production is possible only with some
limitations as the material would liquefy under pressure in the extrusion
process.
Desirably therefore the pencil material which is heated just above the
dropping point is poured into suitable casings and then solidified again
by cooling in the usual fashion. In order to make marker pencils
refillable, it is desirable to produce marker pencil leads by casting in
metal molds, preferably with a holding portion being molded thereon at the
same time. The appropriate procedures to be employed in this respect are
sufficiently known from the production of lip pencils, deodorant pencils
and also suppository materials and the use of folding molds or high-output
automatic casting equipment will therefore not be described in greater
detail herein.
It is also possible to envisage using casings of wood or plastic material,
which can be suitably sharpened to provide a pointed tip, and filling same
in the manner described for example in relation to cosmetic pencils in DE
27 18 957 and DE 27 59 610.
EXAMPLES
Specific embodiments in regard to the composition of marker pencils
according to the invention are described below, with the quantities being
specified in percent by weight.
EXAMPLE 1 (yellow fluorescence)
______________________________________
50.000 water
38.000 cane sugar
10.000 sodium stearate
1.500 C.I. Solvent Green 7 No. 59.040
0.500 potassium carbonate
______________________________________
That marker pencil material, without the addition of fatty substances, is
distinguished by affording an intensive yellow fluorescence and a
pronounced level of thixotrophy which provides for the very smooth sleek
production of a stroke. As the pencil material quickly assumes a thin and
runny condition, it is absorbed, like a liquid marker, into the surface of
a writing or marking substrate which is suited thereto, and therefore does
not just remain clinging with a greater or lesser degree of adhesion to
the surface, as is the case with for example color chalks.
EXAMPLE 2 (pink)
______________________________________
35.000
water
35.000
cane sugar
15.000
sodium stearate
10.000
beeswax
0.500
potassium carbonate
4.500
FIESTA NFX 13 CERISE (as a daylight fluorescent
pigment)
______________________________________
FIESTA NFX 13 CERISE is a trade name of the company manufacturing same,
namely LANGER & CO, Post Box 1166, DE-W-2863 Ritterhude near Bremen,
Germany.
EXAMPLE 3 (green)
______________________________________
33.500 water
50.000 cane sugar
10.000 sodium stearate
5.000 paraffin oil
1.350 C.I. Solvent Green 7 No. 59.040
0.150 C.I. Reactive Green 21
______________________________________
EXAMPLE 4 (blue)
______________________________________
39.500 water
35.000 cane sugar
12.000 beeswax
10.000 sodium stearate
3.000 sodium oleate
0.500 C.I. Acid Blue 1 No. 42.045
______________________________________
This composition used an acid food dyestuff.
EXAMPLE 5 (pink)
______________________________________
34.800 water
20.000 cane sugar
25.000 beeswax substitute
20.000 sodium stearate
0.170 C.I. Basic Red 1 No. 45.160
0.030 C.I. Solvent Red 49 No. 45.170:1.
______________________________________
This is a formulation with a high proportion of synthetic beeswax. The
rhodamines used fluoresce without an additional resin component.
EXAMPLE 6 (orange)
______________________________________
40.000 water
35.000 cane sugar
10.000 Japan wax substitute
12.000 sodium stearate
1.000 C.I. Solvent Green 7 No. 59.040
2.000 FIESTA NFX 13 CERISE
______________________________________
As indicated above, FIESTA NFX 13 CERISE is produced by LANGER & CO of
Germany.
EXAMPLE 7 (black, opaque)
______________________________________
36.000 water
35.000 sorbitol as a solution, 70% by weight
10.000 neutral oil
14.000 sodium stearate
5.000 C.I. Pigment Black 7 No. 77.266
______________________________________
This is a pigment-bearing formulation for applying markings, which can be
washed off, to smooth surfaces.
EXAMPLE 8 (red)
______________________________________
47.450 water
30.000 fructose
8.000 carnauba wax
13.000 sodium stearate
1.000 potassium stearate
0.250 C.I. Basic Red 1 No. 45.160
0.100 C.I. Solvent Red 49 No. 45.170:1
0.200 C.I. Basic Yellow 40
______________________________________
EXAMPLE 9 (orange)
______________________________________
48.920 water
27.000 maltose
10.000 paraffin wax 52.degree. C.
13.000 sodium stearate
1.000 C.I. Solvent Green 7 No. 59.040
0.050 C.I. Basic Red 1 No. 45.160
0.03 C.I. Solvent Red 49 No. 45.170:1
______________________________________
EXAMPLE 10 (turquoise)
______________________________________
40.500 water
35.000 glucose
10.000 beeswax
10.000 sodium stearate
3.000 sodium oleate
1.000 C.I. Reactive Green 21
0.500 C.I. Solvent Green 7
______________________________________
EXAMPLE 11 (yellow fluorescent)
______________________________________
38.600 water
15.000 sorbitol as solution, 70% by weight
20.000 cane sugar
15.000 sodium stearate
10.000 Japan wax substitute
1.400 C.I. Solvent Green 7 No. 59.040
______________________________________
EXAMPLE 12 (purple)
______________________________________
43.700 water
35.000 cane sugar
5.000 1,2-propylene glycol
15.000 sodium stearate
1.000 C.I. Basic Violet 10 No. 45.170.
______________________________________
The addition of glycols, more especially 1,2-propylene glycol, can improve
the transparency and breaking strength of the pencil member. A composition
corresponding to the foregoing Example can be considered when there is no
need to lay particular stress on universal applicability for example to
fax papers and non-carboning copy paper.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a perspective view in partial section showing use of an
embodiment of a marker pencil according to the invention in a housing, and
FIG. 2 is a view corresponding to that shown in FIG. 1 illustrating a
further embodiment of a marker pencil.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, shown therein is use of embodiments of a marker
pencil 1 according to the invention, in a housing 3 which encloses same
and which is fitted with an advance or forward feed mechanism as
diagrammatically indicated at 2. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 the
pencil is of a circular cross-section while the embodiment of FIG. 2 is of
a square or rectangular cross-sectional shape. Reference numeral 4 in both
of FIGS. 1 and 2 shows a cap of a cross-sectional shape corresponding to
that of the respective housing 3. When the pencil is not in use the cap 4
can be fitted on to the applicator end thereof and thus protects the
applicator end, for example to prevent it from drying out. As can be seen
from the drawing the applicator end of the marker pencils according to the
invention is of a blunt configuration. The size of the applicator surface
area is advantageously between about 8 and 25 mm.sup.2.
It will be noted that the pencil material of the marker pencils illustrated
is contained in a casing which acts as protection therefor, for example to
prevent it from drying out, while the pencil is interchangeably disposed
in the housing.
It will be appreciated that the above-described Examples and embodiments of
the marker pencil according to the invention have been set forth solely by
way of example and illustration of the principles of the present invention
and that various modifications and alterations may be made therein without
thereby departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Top