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United States Patent | 5,230,757 |
Rundman ,   et al. | July 27, 1993 |
Worm gearing having improved wear and strength properties comprises a Cu, 8.0-13.0 w/o Sn, 3.5-5.0 w/o Ni alloy aged in the as-cast condition to strengthen the dendritic microstructural constituent (e.g., alpha phase) while retaining the as-cast, relatively hard interdendritic constituents. The overall Ni concentration of the alloy does not exceed about 5 w/o and the Ni concentration across individual as-cast dendrites is decreased at the dendrite edges (grain boundaries) to hinder formation of a discontinuous, embrittling grain boundary product that is deleterious to these properties.
Inventors: | Rundman; Karl B. (Atlantic Mine, MI); Gugel; Mark D. (Hancock, MI); Nichols; David A. (Acme, MI) |
Assignee: | Cone Drive Operations, Inc. (Traverse City, MI) |
Appl. No.: | 785042 |
Filed: | October 30, 1991 |
Current U.S. Class: | 148/539; 148/553 |
Intern'l Class: | C22F 001/08 |
Field of Search: | 148/3,12.7 C,160,539,553 |
Re30854 | Jan., 1982 | Plewes et al. | 420/473. |
1457288 | May., 1923 | Ostendorf | 420/473. |
1535542 | Apr., 1925 | Price | 420/473. |
1816509 | Jul., 1931 | Wise | 148/12. |
1928747 | Oct., 1933 | Wise | 148/412. |
2117106 | May., 1939 | Silliman | 148/160. |
3156589 | Nov., 1969 | Klement | 148/3. |
4406712 | Sep., 1983 | Louzon | 148/160. |
4555272 | Nov., 1985 | Ashok et al. | 148/3. |
Foreign Patent Documents | |||
55-2722 | Jan., 1980 | JP | 148/12. |
Scorey, C. R., Chin, D., White, M. J., and Livak, R. J., "Spinodal Cu-Sn-Ni Alloys for Electronic Applications" Metal Powder Report, Jun. 1985, pp. 347-350. Schwartz, L. H., Mahajan, S., and Plewes, J. T., "Spinodal Decomposition in a Cu-9 wt %Ni-6 wt %Sn Alloy", ACTA Metallurgica May 22, 1974, pp. 601-609. Schwartz, L. H. and Plewes, J. T., "Spinodal Decomposition in a Cu-9 wt %-6 wt %Sn II: A Critical Examination of Mechanical Strength of Spinodal Alloys", ACTA Metallurgica, Jul. 22, 1974, pp. 911-921. Tsubakino, Harushige, "Discontinuous Preception in a Cu-Sn Alloy" Metallography, vol. 17, (New York: Elsevier Science Publishing Co. (1984) pp. 371-382. Louzon, T. J., "Tensile Property Improvements of Spinodal Cu-15Ni-8Sn by Two Phase Heat Treatment", Transactions of the ASME, vol. 104, Jul. 1982, pp. 234-240. "Nicuite", Alloy Digest, Apr. 1958. |
TABLE I ______________________________________ Micro- Cu Sn Ni P S Si constituent wt % wt % wt % wt % wt % wt % ______________________________________ Dark 82.47 10.21 3.88 -- -- -- Dendritic White 71.74 24.81 3.44 Light Gray 73.22 23.63 3.15 -- -- -- Dark Gray* 70.54 13.02 3.41 5.18 -- 7.81 Black* 25.67 44.67 4.57 7.82 17.27 -- ______________________________________ *These microconstituents are probably due to deoxidizer present