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United States Patent |
5,034,552
|
Keppler
,   et al.
|
July 23, 1991
|
Platinum complexes, process for the preparation thereof, and
pharmaceuticals containing these
Abstract
Platinum complexes of the general formula I
[(R.sup.1 NH.sub.2).sub.n Pt].sub.q Y.sub.m X.sub.p (I)
in which Y is a phosphonic acid ligand, and the preparation thereof, are
described. The platinum complexes are suitable as active substances in
pharmaceuticals, in particular for controlling cancers.
Inventors:
|
Keppler; Bernhard K. (Schwetzingen, DE);
Blum; Helmut (Duesseldorf, DE)
|
Assignee:
|
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien (Duesseldorf-Holthausen, DE)
|
Appl. No.:
|
399467 |
Filed:
|
August 18, 1989 |
PCT Filed:
|
February 15, 1988
|
PCT NO:
|
PCT/EP88/00111
|
371 Date:
|
August 18, 1989
|
102(e) Date:
|
August 18, 1989
|
PCT PUB.NO.:
|
WO88/06149 |
PCT PUB. Date:
|
August 25, 1988 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
Intern'l Class: |
C07F 017/02; A61K 031/555; A61K 031/28 |
Field of Search: |
556/138,136,40
549/206
546/5,11,12
548/403,302
514/492
|
References Cited
U.S. Patent Documents
4845124 | Jul., 1989 | Kidani et al. | 514/492.
|
4870070 | Sep., 1989 | Bitha et al. | 556/137.
|
4882447 | Nov., 1989 | Tsojihara et al. | 556/40.
|
4921984 | May., 1990 | Nowatari et al. | 556/40.
|
Foreign Patent Documents |
0113508 | Jul., 1984 | EP.
| |
0155705 | Sep., 1985 | EP.
| |
Primary Examiner: Prescott; Arthur C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Szoke; Ernest G., Jaeschke; Wayne C., Wisdom, Jr.; Norvell E.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A composition of matter that is a platinum complex or a salt, with a
pharmacologically acceptable acid or base, of said platinum complex,
wherein said platinum complex has the general formula I:
{(R.sup.1 NH.sub.2).sub.n Pt}.sub.q YX.sub.p (I),
in which:
(A) R.sup.1 NH.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of NH.sub.3,
methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine, butylamine,
hexylamine, cyclohexylamine, ethylenediamine, 1,2-diaminopropane, cis
1,2-diaminocyclohexane, and 1,1-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane;
(B) Y is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) phosphonic acids of the general formula II:
R.sup.2 --C(R.sup.3)--(PO.sub.3 H.sub.2).sub.2 (II),
in which:
(i) R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of: (i.1) hydrogen, (i.2)
C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, (i.3) C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, (i.4) hydroxyl
substituted C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, (i.5) phenyl, (i.6) hydroxy
phenyl, (i.7) halogen, (i.8) --CH(COOH)--CH.sub.2 --COOH, and (i.9)
R.sup.4 R.sup.5 N--(CH.sub.2).sub.r --, where
(i.9.1) each of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently denotes (i.8.1.1) a
hydrogen or (i.8.1.2) a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group; and
(i.9.2) r denotes an integer from 2 to 4; and
(ii) R.sup.3 is amino or mono- or di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkylamino; and
(b) phosphonic acids of the general formula III:
R.sup.6 --N(CH.sub.2 --PO.sub.3 H.sub.2).sub.2 (III),
in which R.sup.6 is selected from the group consisting of
(i) --CH2--PO3H2, (ii) --CH2--COOH, and (iii) --(CH.sub.2).sub.s --N
(CH.sub.2 --PO.sub.3 H.sub.2).sub.2, where s is a number from 2 to 6,
(c) iminobis(methylenephosphonic acid;
(d) ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid; and
(e) azacycloheptanediphosphonic acid;
(C) X denotes a singly negatively charged anion;
(D) n denotes one of the numbers 0, 1, or 2, but denotes the number 1 only
if R.sup.1 has a nitrogen functionality which is able to coordinate with
the central Pt ion;
(E) p denotes one of the numbers 0 or 2, but denotes the number 2 only if
the Pt is in oxidation state IV; and
(F) q denotes the number 1 or 2 if n is not zero and the number 1 if n is
0.
2. A composition according to claim 1 that is a sodium salt.
3. A composition according to claim 2, wherein Y is selected from the group
consisting of 3-amino-1-hydroxypropane-1,1-diphosphonic acid,
aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid),
bis(dihydroxyphosphonylmethyl)aminoacetic acid,
iminobis(methylenephosphonic acid),
alpha-amino(4-hydroxybenzylidene)diphosphonic acid,
methylaminomethanediphosphonic acid, aminoethanediphosphonic acid,
ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid, and
azacycloheptanediphosphonic acid.
4. A composition according to claim 1, wherein Y is selected from the group
consisting of 3-amino-1-hydroxypropane-1,1-diphosphonic acid,
aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid),
bis(dihydroxyphosphonylmethyl)aminoacetic acid,
iminobis(methylenephosphonic acid),
alpha-amino(4-hydroxybenzylidene)diphosphonic acid,
methylaminomethanediphosphonic acid, aminoethanediphosphonic acid,
ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid, and
azacycloheptanediphosphonic acid.
5. A composition according to claim 4, wherein X is selected from the group
consisting of hydroxide, chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, nitrate,
hydrogen sulphate, dihydrogen phosphate, acetate, propionate, hydrogen
adipate, dihydrogen citrate, gluconate, benzoate, butyrate, hydrogen
maleate, laurate, hydrogen malonate, hydrogen fumarate, hydrogen oxalate,
hydrogen tartrate, stearate, 2-hydroxy-3-naphthoate, hydrogen
cyclobutanedicarboxylate, and dihydrogen 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylate.
6. A composition according to claim 3, wherein X is selected from the group
consisting of hydroxide, chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, nitrate,
hydrogen sulphate, dihydrogen phosphate, acetate, propionate, hydrogen
adipate, dihydrogen citrate, gluconate, benzoate, butyrate, hydrogen
maleate, laurate, hydrogen malonate, hydrogen fumarate, hydrogen oxalate,
hydrogen tartrate, stearate, 2-hydroxy-3-napthoate, hydrogen
cyclobutanedicarboxylate, and dihydrogen 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylate.
7. A composition according to claim 2, wherein X is selected from the group
consisting of hydroxide, chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, nitrate,
hydrogen sulphate, dihydrogen phosphate, acetate, propionate, hydrogen
adipate, dihydrogen citrate, gluconate, benzoate, butyrate, hydrogen
maleate, laurate, hydrogen malonate, hydrogen fumarate, hydrogen oxalate,
hydrogen tartrate, stearate, 2-hydroxy-3-naphthoate, hydrogen
cyclobutanedicarboxylate, and dihydrogen 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylate.
8. A composition according to claim 1, wherein X is selected from the group
consisting of hydroxide, chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, nitrate,
hydrogen sulphate, dihydrogen phosphate, acetate, propionate, hydrogen
adipate, dihydrogen citrate, gluconate, benzoate, butyrate, hydrogen
maleate, laurate, hydrogen malonate, hydrogen fumarate, hydrogen oxalate,
hydrogen tartrate, stearate, 2-hydroxy-3-naphthoate, hydrogen
cyclobutanedicarboxylate, and dihydrogen 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylate.
9. A pharmaceutical preparation containing a composition according to claim
8.
10. A pharmaceutical preparation containing a composition according to
claim 7.
11. A pharmaceutical preparation containing a composition according to
claim 6.
12. A pharmaceutical preparation containing a composition according to
claim 5.
13. A pharmaceutical preparation containing a composition according to
claim 4.
14. A pharmaceutical preparation containing a composition according to
claim 3.
15. A pharmaceutical preparation containing a composition according to
claim 2.
16. A pharmaceutical preparation containing a composition according to
claim 1.
17. A process for the preparation of a platinum complex, wherein a compound
of the general formula IV:
{(R.sup.1 NH.sub.2).sub.n Pt}.sub.q X.sub.2 (IV),
in which:
(A) R.sup.1 NH.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of NH.sub.3,
methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine, butylamine,
hexylamine, cyclohexylamine, ethylenediamine, 1,2-diaminopropane,
1,2-diaminocyclohexane, and 1,1-di(aminomethyl)-cyclohexane;
(B) n denotes one of the numbers 0, 1 or 2, but denotes the number 1 only
if R.sup.1 has a nitrogen functionality which is able to coordinate with
the central Pt ion;
(C) q denotes the number 1 or 2 if n is not zero and the number 1 if n
denotes the number 0; and
(D) X denotes a singly negatively charged anion; is reacted with a
phosphonic acid selected from the group consisting of:
(E) phosphonic acids of the general formula II:
R.sup.2 --C(R.sup.3)--(PO.sub.3 H.sub.2).sub.2 (II),
in which:
(a) R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of: (i.1) hydrogen, (i.2)
C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, (i.3) C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, (i.4) hydroxyl
substituted C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, (i.5) phenyl, (i.6) hydroxy
phenyl, (i.7) halogen, (i.8) --CH(COOH)--CH.sub.2 --COOH, and (i.9)
R.sup.4 R.sup.5 N--(CH.sub.2).sub.r --group, where
(i.9.1) each of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently denotes (i.8.1.1) a
hydrogen or (i.8.1.2) a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group; and
(i.9.2) r denotes an integer from 2 to 4; and
(b) R.sup.3 is amino or mono- or di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkylamino;
(F) phosphonic acids of the general formula III:
R.sup.6 --N(CH.sub.2 --PO.sub.3 H.sub.2).sub.2 (III),
in which R.sup.6 is selected from the group consisting of (i) --CH2--PO3H2,
(ii) --CH2--COOH, and (iii) --(CH.sub.2).sub.s --N(CH.sub.2 --PO.sub.3
H.sub.2) .sub.2, where s is a number from 2 to 6,
(G) iminobis(methylenephosphonic acid);
(H) ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid; and
(I) azacycloheptanediphosphonic acid.
18. A process according to claim 17, comprising an additional step of
oxidizing the compound first formed in the presence of singly negatively
charged anions of type X.
19. A process for the preparation of a platinum complex, wherein a compound
of the general formula PtX.sub.4, in which X represents a singly
negatively charged anion, is reacted with a phosphonic acid selected from
the group consisting of:
(A) phosphonic acids of the general formula II:
R.sup.2 --C(R.sup.3)--(PO.sub.3 H.sub.2).sub.2 (II),
in which
(a) R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of: (i.1) hydrogen, (i.2)
C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, (i.3) C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, (i.4) hydroxyl
substituted C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, (i.5) phenyl, (i.6) hydroxy
phenyl, (i.7) halogen, (i.8) --CH(COOH)--CH.sub.2 --COOH, and (i.9)
R.sup.4 R.sup.5 N--(CH.sub.2l ).sub.r --group, where
(i.9.1) each of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently denotes (i.8.1.1) a
hydrogen or (i.8.1.2) a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group; and
(i.9.2) r denotes an integer from 2 to 4; and
(b) R.sup.3 is amino or mono- or di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkylamino;
(B) phosphonic acids of the general formula III:
R.sup.6 --N(CH.sub.2 --PO.sub.3 H.sub.2).sub.2 (III),
in which R.sup.6 is selected from the group consisting of (i) --CH2--PO3H2,
(ii) --CH2--COOH, and (iii) --(CH.sub.2).sub.s --N(CH.sub.2 --PO.sub.3
H.sub.2) .sub.2,
where s is a number from 2 to 6;
(C) iminobis(methylenephosphonic acid);
(D) ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid; and
(E) azacycloheptanediphosphonic acid.
20. A process according to claim 19, comprising an additional step of
reducing the compound first formed.
Description
The invention relates to platinum complexes, process for the preparation
thereof, and phamaceuticals containing these. An essential structural
element of the platinum complexes of the invention is the simultaneous
presence of ligands containing N and phosphonic acid groups.
Phosphonic acids are employed not only in industry but also for medical
purposes, cf. The Role of Phosphonates in Living Systems, CDC Press, Inc.,
Boca Raton, Fla. (1982); M.D. Francis et al., J. Chem. Educ 55 (12),
760-766 (1978).
It is known that certain phosphonic acids accumulate in bone and tumour
tissue after intravenous administration. Thus, for example, Paget's
disease of bone is treated with the disodium salt of
1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, cf. The Merck Index, Merck & Co.,
Inc., Rahway, N.J., U.S.A. (1983) 3812. The compound known under the INN
of cisplatin, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), is employed in particular
for the treatment of testicular tumours, ovarian tumours or small-cell
bronchial carcinomas.
It has now been found that platinum complexes of the general formula I
[(R.sup.1 NH.sub.2).sub.n Pt].sub.q Y.sub.m X.sub.p (I)
in which
a) R.sup.1 denotes hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8
-alkenyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl or C.sub.4 -C.sub.8
-cycloalkyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, each of which can be substituted one
or more times by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy,
hydroxyl, amino, halogen, amino-C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 -alkyl, hydroxyamino,
carboxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl,
phenyl or phenoxy, it being possible for the substituents C.sub.4 -C.sub.8
-cycloalkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, phenyl
and phenoxy in their turn to be substituted one or more times by hydroxyl,
halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy,
Y denotes a group of the formula II
(HO).sub.2 P(O)--R.sup.2 (II)
in which
R.sup.2 is defined as R.sup.1 with the exception of hydrogen and of
nitrogen-containing meanings, it being possible for a further group
(HO).sub.2 P(O)-- to be bonded to R.sup.2,
X denotes a singly negatively charged anion,
n the numbers 1 or 2, but the number 1 only if R.sup.1 has a nitrogen
functionality which is able to coordinate with the central metal Pt,
m denotes the numbers 1 or 2, but the number 1 only if R.sup.2 has a group
(HO).sub.2 P(O)-- which is able to coordinate with the central metal Pt,
and
p denotes the numbers 0 or 2, but the number 2 only if Pt is present in
oxidation state IV,
and q denotes the number 1,
b) Y denotes a group of the above formula II in which
R.sup.2 denotes a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylamino-phosphono-methyl,
3-amino-1-phosphono-1-hydroxy-1-propyl,
amino-p-hydroxymethyl-phosphono-methyl, iminobis(methylenephosphono) or
N,N-bis(methylenephosphono)-amino group,
R.sup.1, X, n and p are as defined above, and
q denotes the number 1, and
m denotes the number 1,
c) Y is bis-(dihydroxyphosphonylmethyl)-aminoacetic acid,
R.sup.1, X, n and p are as defined above, and
q denotes the number 1, and m denotes the number 1,
d) q the number 2, m the number 1 and Y has one of the above meanings, with
the proviso that Y contains at least 2 phosphono groups, and
R.sup.1, X, n and p are as defined above, or
e) n is the number 0 and q is the number 1, and
Y has one of the above meanings, with the proviso that Y contains at least
2 phosphono groups, and
x and p are as defined above
and the salts thereof with pharmacologically acceptable acids and bases,
have advantageous therapeutic affects which make them suitable for the
treatment of cancers, especially of bone tumours, osteosarcomas and bone
metastases, liver tumors and tumours of the reticuloendothelial system
(RES).
Alkyl, alkenyl and alkoxy radicals according to the abovementioned
definitions can be straight-chain or branched, with straight-chain
radicals being preferred. Preferred halogen atoms are chlorine atoms.
Depending on the pH of the reaction mixture, the phosphonic acids are
present in the reaction product as neutral ligands or as singly or doubly
negatively charged ligands. In the former case the charge on the complex
is balanced by the anion of an acid, for example chloride. In the case
where negatively charged ligands are present the charge is balanced by the
cation of a base, preferably of an alkali metal, in particular of sodium.
Furthermore, platinum complexes of the invention in which the ligands are
arranged in the cis position are preferred.
Furthermore, platinum complexes of the invention which contain two
phosphonic acid groups are preferred, with the vicinal and the geminal
position of the phosphonic acid groups being preferred. Particularly
preferred compounds contain two geminal phosphonic acid groups.
Furthermore, platinum complexes of the general formula I'
[(R.sup.1' NH.sub.2).sub.n,Pt].sub.q Y'.sub.m' X'.sub.p' (I')
in which
a) R.sup.1' denotes hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, cyclohexyl,
cyclohexyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 -alkyl, each of which can be substituted one
or more times by methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, hydroxyl, amino,
chlorine, aminomethyl, carboxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 -alkoxycarbonyl,
cyclohexyl, phenyl or phenoxy, it being possible for the substituents
cyclohexyl, cyclohexyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 -alkyl, phenyl and phenoxy in
their turn to be substituted one or more times by hydroxyl, chlorine,
methyl or methoxy,
Y' denotes a group of the formula II'
(HO).sub.2 P(O)--R.sup.2'
in which
R.sup.2 ' is defined as R.sup.1' with the exception of hydrogen and of
nitrogen-containing meanings, it being possible for another group
(HO).sub.2 P(O)-- to be bonded to R.sup.2 ',
X' denotes chlorine, hydroxyl and singly negatively charged anions of
pharmacologically acceptable carboxylic acids,
n' denotes the numbers 1or 2, but the number 1 only if R.sup.1' has a
nitrogen functionality which can be coordinated with the central metal Pt,
m' denotes the numbers 1 or 2, but the number 1 only if R.sup.2' has a
group (HO).sub.2 P(O)-- which can be coordinated with the central metal
Pt,
p' denotes the numbers 0 or 2, but the number 2 only if Pt is present in
oxidation state IV, and
q' denotes the number 0, or
b) R.sup.1' is as defined above, and Y', X', n', m', p' and q' have the
meanings specified in claim 1 under b, c, d and e, respectively, for Y, X,
n, m, p and q, as well as the salts thereof with pharmacologically
acceptable acids and bases, are preferred.
Furthermore, platinum complexes of the general formula II''
[(R.sup.1'' NH.sub.2).sub.n'' Pt].sub.q'' Y''.sub.m'' Z''.sub.p''(I'')
in which
a) R.sup.1'' denotes hydrogen, ethyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl, each of
which can be substituted once by methyl, methoxy, hydroxyl, amine or
aminomethyl,
Y'' denotes a group of the formula II''
(HO).sub.2 P(O)--R.sup.2''
in which
R.sup.2'' denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl which can be substituted one or
more times by chlorine, hydroxyl, carboxyl and cyclohexyl and is
substituted by another group (HO).sub.2 P(O)--,
X'' denotes chlorine, hydroxyl and singly negatively charged anions of
pharmacologically acceptable carboxylic acids,
n'' denotes the numbers 1 or 2, but the number 1 only if R.sup.1'' has a
nitrogen functionality which is able to coordinate with the central metal
Pt,
m'' denotes the numbers 1 or 2, but the number 1 only if R.sup.2'' has a
group (HO).sub.2 P(O)-- which is able to coordinate with the central metal
Pt,
p'' denotes the numbers 0 or 2, but the number 2 only if Pt is present in
oxidation state IV, and
q'' denotes the number 0, or
b) R.sup.1'' is as defined above and Y'', X'', n'', m'', p'' and q'' have
the meanings stated in claim 1 under b, c, d and e, respectively, for Y,
X, n, m, p and q, as well as the salts thereof with pharmacologically
acceptable acids and bases, are preferred.
Particularly advantageous are, furthermore, platinum complexes of the above
general formula I, I' and I'' in which
Y, Y' and Y'' denote phosphonic acids of the general formulae IV-VI
R.sup.4 --C(R.sup.5)(PO.sub.3 H.sub.2).sub.2 (IV)
in which R.sup.4 denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl, optionally
hydroxyl-substituted C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 -cycloalkyl, phenyl, hydroxyphenyl,
halogen, R.sup.5 R.sup.6 N--(CH.sub.2).sub.r --, where R.sup.5 and
R.sup.6, which can be identical or different, denote hydrogen and/or
C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl and r denotes a number from 2 to 4, or denotes
--CH(COOH)--CH.sub.2 --COOH, and
R.sup.5 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino, mono- or di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.3
-alkylamino or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl,
R.sup.6 --C(COOH)(R.sup.7)(PO.sub.3 H.sub.2) (V)
in which R.sup.6 denotes hydrogen, --CH.sub.2 --COOH or --CH.sub.2
--CH.sub.2 --COOH and R.sup.7 denotes hydrogen, --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2
--COOH or --CH.sub.2 --CH(COOH)--CH.sub.2 --COOH, it also being possible
for R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 to form an azacycloalkane ring having 4-6 carbon
atoms and, where appropriate, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl substituent on the
N atom, or
R.sup.8 --N(CH.sub.2 --PO.sub.3 H.sub.2).sub.2 (VI)
in which R.sup.8 denotes --CH.sub.2 --PO.sub.3 H.sub.2, --CH.sub.2 --COOH
or --CH.sub.2).sub.s --N (CH.sub.2 --PO.sub.3 H.sub.2).sub.2, where s is a
number from 2 to 6,
and n, n', n'', q, q', q'', m, m', m'', X, X', X'', p, p', p'', R.sup.1,
R.sup.1' and R.sup.1'' are as defined above,
as well as the salts thereof with pharmacologically acceptable acids and
bases.
Furthermore, platinum complexes of one of the above general formulae in
which the phosphonic acid ligand is 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid
or dichloromethanediphosphonic acid are preferred.
The phosphonic acids present in the platinum complexes of the invention are
known and can be obtained by methods known per se. A corresponding
statement applies to the amines R.sup.1 NH.sub.2.
Examples of suitable phosphonic acids of the general formulae Y, Y' and Y''
are the following, including the salts thereof (the abbreviated names
customary for these compounds are indicated in square brackets):
dichloromethanediphosphonic acid [Cl.sub.2 --MDP],
2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTC),
2-phosphonopropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid (PPS),
1-phosphonopropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid [PPT],
propane-2,2-diphosphonic acid (PDP),
1,1-diphosphonopropane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (DPD),
1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid [EHDP, also HEDP],
methylenediphosphonic acid [MDP],
hydroxymethylenediphosphonic acid [HMDP],
hydroxycyclohexylmethylenediphosphonic acid [HCMDP],
3-amino-1-hydroxypropane-1,1-diphosphonic acid [ADP],
aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid) [ATMP],
bis(dihydroxyphosphonylmethyl)aminoacetic acid [BPMAA],
iminobis(methylenephosphonic acid) [IBM],
alpha-amino(4-hydroxybenzylidene)diphosphonic acid [BDP3],
alpha-hydroxy(4-hydroxybenzylidene)diphosphonic acid [BDP4],
methylaminomethanediphosphonic acid [MAD],
aminoethanediphosphonic acid [AEDP],
phosphonoacetic acid [PAA],
3-phosphonopentane-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid [PPTC],
ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphoric acid [EDMP],
azacycloheptanediphosphonic acid [AHP].
Anions of these phosphonic acids are indicated hereinafter by an H which is
attached to the abbreviation and has a subscript negative index which
specifies the number of protons lost. Thus, for example, APDH.sub.-2 means
the doubly negatively charged anion of APD.
The following amines are suitable examples of the amine ligand R.sup.1
NH.sub.2 :
ammonia,
methylamine,
ethylamine,
propylamine,
isopropylamine,
butylamine,
hexylamine,
ethylenediamine,
1,2-diaminopropane,
amino acids such as, for example, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine,
serine, ornithine, aspartic acid, phenylalanine or tyrosine,
cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane,
cyclohexylamine,
1,1-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane,
and the like.
Preferred amines R.sup.1 NH.sub.2 are ammonia, ethylamine, propylamine,
isopropylamine, ethylenediamine, 1,2-diaminopropane,
1,2-diaminocyclohexane and 1,1-bis(aminomethyl)-cyclohexane.
Suitable examples of the singly negatively charged anion X are, besides
hydroxide and chloride, also bromide, iodide, fluoride, nitrate, hydrogen
sulphate, dihydrogen phosphate or anions of organic acids such as, for
example, acetic acid, propionic acid, adipic acid, citric acid, gluconic
acid, benzoic acid, butyric acid, maleic acid, lauric acid, malonic acid,
fumaric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, stearic acid,
2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid, cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid or benzenedi- and
tri-carboxylic acids such as, for example, 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic
acid, where A are in each case radicals of the phosphonic acids defined
above, and "N(aminophosphonic acid)" denotes one of the phosphonic acids
which is defined above and contains N groups.
The platinum complexes of the invention can be obtained by reacting a
compound of the general formula III, III' or III''
##STR1##
in which R.sup.1, R.sup.1', R.sup.1'', X, X', X'', n, n', n'', q, q' and
q'' have the above meanings,
with phosphonic acids of the general formula II, II' or II''
##STR2##
in which R.sup.2, R.sup.2' and R.sup.2'' are as defined above or with
bis(dihydroxyphosphonylmethyl)-aminoacetic acid or phosphonic acids of the
general formulae IV-VI
R.sup.4 --C(R.sup.5)(PO.sub.3 H.sub.2).sub.2 (IV)
in which R.sup.4 denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl, optionally
hydroxyl-substituted C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 -cycloalkyl, phenyl, hydroxyphenyl,
halogen, R.sup.5 R.sup.6 N--(CH.sub.2).sub.r --, where R.sup.5 and
R.sup.6, which can be identical or different, denote hydrogen and/or
C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl and r denotes a number from 2 to 4, or denotes
--CH(COOH)--CH.sub.2 --COOH, and
R.sup.5 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino, mono- or di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.3
-alkylamino or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl,
R.sup.6 --C(COOH)(R.sup.7)(PO.sub.3 H.sub.2) (V)
in which R.sup.6 denotes hydrogen, --CH.sub.2 --COOH or --CH.sub.2
--CH.sub.2 --COOH and R.sup.7 denotes hydrogen, --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2
--COOH or --CH.sub.2 --CH(COOH)--CH.sub.2 --COOH, it also being possible
for R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 to form an azacycloalkane ring having 4-6 carbon
atoms and, where appropriate, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl substituent on the
N atom, or
R.sup.8 --N(CH.sub.2 --PO.sub.3 H.sub.2).sub.2 (VI)
in which R.sup.8 denotes --CH.sub.2 --PO.sub.3 H.sub.2, --CH.sub.2 --COOH
or --CH.sub.2).sub.s --N (CH.sub.2 --PO.sub.3 H.sub.2).sub.2, where s is a
number from 2to 6, or phosphonic acids of the general formulae IV-VI,
and if desired, converting into the salts of the pharmacologically
acceptable acids and bases, and/or, if desired, oxidizing in the presence
of a singly negatively charged anion of the meaning X,
or reacting a compound of the general formula
PtX.sub.4
in which X is as defined above, with the phosphonic acids of the general
formulae II, II' and II'' or with
bis(dihydroxyphosphonylmethyl)-aminoacetic acid or with the phosphonic
acids of the general formulae IV-VI and, where appropriate, reducing, as
well as converting the reaction product, if desired, into the salts of
pharmacologically acceptable acids and bases.
The reaction is preferably carried out in aqueous solution. The reaction is
particularly advantageously carried out in the presence of silver(I)
sulphate. It is furthermore advantageous to employ the phosphonic acids in
the form of their alkali metal salts, in particular sodium salts.
The invention furthermore relates to the abovementioned process and to the
variants mentioned in the description.
The reaction is preferably carried out in aqueous solution in a temperature
range from 5.degree. to 90.degree. C., preferably at 15.degree. to
60.degree. C.
The oxidation is brought about with the oxidizing agents usual for the
oxidation of platinum(II) to platinum(IV) compounds. For example, the
oxidation is carried out using hydrogen peroxide, resulting in compounds
of the formula I in which X has the meaning hydroxyl. If this is carried
out in the presence of an acid, X in the resulting compounds of the
formula I denotes an anion of the acid used. In the case of oxidation in
the presence of hydrogen chloride, X in the resulting compounds of the
formula I denotes chloro. It is also possible to bring about the
oxidation, for example, by chlorine or bromine.
The compounds of the general formulae III, III' and III'' can be obtained
by reacting a compound L.sub.2 PtZ.sub.4 in which L denotes hydrogen or
alkali metal, and Z denotes halogen, preferably chlorine and bomine, with
an amine R.sup.1 NH.sub.2 in which R.sup.1 has the meanings indicated
above.
The compound L.sub.2 PtZ.sub.4 is preferably tetrachloroplatinic(II) acid
which can be obtained by dissolving platinum(II) dichloride in
hydrochloric acid, or disodium or dipotassium tetrachloroplatinate(II).
Suitable as organic solvent for variant b) are highly polar solvents such
as, in particular, dimethylformamide (DMF).
The products according to the invention produced on reaction of a compound
of the formula II with a phosphonic acid are isolated either by
concentrating the reaction mixture or by adding solvents.
Examples of platinum complexes of the invention which can be prepared using
the process of the invention are as follows:
(CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2).sub.2 Pt(Cl.sub.2 --MDPH.sub.-1).sub.2,
(cyclohexylamine).sub.2 Pt(PPSH.sub.-2),
Na.sub.2 [(NH.sub.3).sub.2 Pt(HEDPH.sub.-4)],
Na.sub.2 [(NH.sub.3).sub.2 Pt(Cl.sub.2 --MDPH.sub.-4)],
Na.sub.2 [(NH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2)Pt(HEDPH.sub.-4)],
[1,1-di(aminomethyl)cyclohexane]Pt(DPDH.sub.-2),
Na.sub.2 [(NH.sub.3).sub.2 Pt(APDH.sub.-1)(OH)],
[(NH.sub.3).sub.2 Pt(MADH.sub.-2)],
[(NH.sub.3).sub.2 Pt(BDP3H.sub.-2)],
[(NH.sub.3).sub.2 Pt(ATMPH.sub.-2)]
[(NH.sub.3).sub.2 Pt(BPMAAH.sub.-2)],
[(NH.sub.3).sub.2 Pt(HEDP)Pt(NH.sub.3).sub.2 ],
[Pt(ATMP/ATMPH.sub.-1).sub.2 ]Cl.sub.2,
[Pt(BPMAA/BPMAAH.sub.-1).sub.2 ]Cl.sub.2,
[Pt(BDP.sub.3).sub.2 ]Cl.sub.2.
The pharmaceuticals according to the invention are administered
intravenously in particular, but also intramuscularly, intraperitoneally,
subcutaneously or orally. External application is also possible.
Administration is preferably by intravenous injection or intravenous
infusion.
The pharmaceuticals are prepared by processes know per se, employing the
compounds according to the invention as such or, where appropriate, in
combination with suitable pharmaceutical vehicles. If the new
pharmaceutical preparations contain pharmaceutical vehicles in addition to
the active substance, the content of active substance in these mixtures is
0.1 to 99.5, preferably 0.5 to 95, % by weight of the total mixture.
Consistent with the invention, an active substance is used in any suitable
formulation, with the precondition that the development or maintenance of
adequate levels of active substance is guaranteed. This can be achieved,
for example, by oral or parenteral administration in suitable doses. The
pharmaceutical preparation of the active substance is advantageously in
the form of unit doses suitable for the desired administration. A unit
dose can be, for example, a tablet, a coated tablet, a capsule, a
suppository or a measured volume of a powder, a granulate, a solution, an
emulsion or a suspension.
A "unit dose" within the meaning of the present invention means a
physically defined unit which contains an individual quantity of the
active ingredient in combination with a pharmaceutical vehicle and whose
content of active substance corresponds to a fraction or multiple of a
therapeutic single dose. A single dose preferably contains the quantity of
active substance which is administered at one administration and which
usually corresponds to a whole, a half, a third or a quarter of a daily
dose.
When only a fraction, such as one half or one quarter, of the unit dose is
required for a single therapeutic administration, it is advantageous for
the unit dose to be divisible, for example in the form of a tablet with a
dividing groove.
The pharmaceutical preparations according to the invention can, when they
are in the form of single doses and intended for administration, for
example, to humans, contain about 0.1 to 500 mg, advantageously 10 to 200
mg and, in particular, 50 to 150 mg of active substance.
In general, in human medicine the active substance(s) are, in the case of
oral administration, administered in a daily dose of 0.1 to 5, preferably
1 to 3, mg/kg of body weight, where appropriate in the form of several,
preferably 1 to 3, individual doses to achieve the desired results. A
single dose contains the active substance(s) in quantities of 0.1 to 5,
preferably 1 to 3, mg/kg of body weight. Similar dosages can be used in
the case of oral treatment.
The therapeutic administration of the pharmaceutical preparation can take
place 1 to 4 times a day at fixed or varying times, for example in each
case before meals and/or in the evening. However, it may be necessary to
deviate from the said dosages, specifically depending on the nature, the
body weight and the age of the individual to be treated, the nature and
severity of the disease, the nature of the preparation and the
administration of the pharmaceutical, as well as the period or interval
within which administration takes place. Thus, it may suffice in some
cases to manage with less than the abovementioned quantity of active
substance, whereas in other cases the abovementioned quantity of active
substance must be exceeded. It may also prove expedient to administer the
pharmaceutical only once or at an interval of several days.
The optimal dosage and mode of administration of the active substances
necessary in each case can be established by anyone skilled in the art on
the basis of his expert knowledge.
As a rule, the pharmaceutical preparations consist of the active substances
according to the invention and nontoxic, pharmaceutically tolerated
medicinal vehicles which are used as additive or diluent for the
therapeutically active ingredient, for example in the form of a capsule, a
tablet coating, a sachet or another container. A vehicle can act, for
example, to promote absorption of the pharmaceutical by the body, as a
formulating auxiliary, as a sweetener, as a masking flavour, as a colorant
or as a preservative.
Possible for oral use, for example, tablets, coated tablets, hard and soft
capsules, for example composed of gelatin, dispersible powders, granules,
aqueous and oily suspensions, emulsions, solutions or syrups.
Tablets can contain inert diluents, for example calcium carbonate, calcium
phosphate, sodium phosphate or lactose; granulating and dispersing agents,
for example maize starch or alginates; binders, for example starch,
gelatin or gum acacia, and lubricants, for example aluminium stearate or
magnesium stearate, talc or silicone oil. They can additionally be
provided with a coating which may also have a nature such that it brings
about delayed dissolution and absorption of the pharmaceutical in the
gastrointestinal tract so that, for example, an improved tolerability,
protraction or a delayed action is achieved. Gelatin capsules can contain
the medicinal substance mixed with a solid, for example calcium carbonate
or kaolin, or an oily, for example olive, arachis or paraffin oil,
diluent.
Aqueous suspension, which are prepared shortly before use where
appropriate, can contain suspending agents, for example sodium
carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, sodium
alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth or gum acacia; dispersing
and wetting agents, for example polyosyethylene stearate,
heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol, polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate,
polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate or lecithin; preservatives, for
example methyl or propyl hydroxybenzoates; flavourings; sweeteners, for
example sucrose, lactose, sodium cyclamate, dextrose, invert sugar syrup.
Oily suspensions can contain, for example, arachis, olive, sesame, coconut
or paraffin oil and thickeners, such as, for example, beeswax, hard
paraffin or cetyl alcohol; also sweeteners, flavourings and antioxidants.
Powders and granules which can be dispersed in water can contain a compound
according to the invention mixed with dispersing, wetting and suspending
agents, for example the abovementioned, as well as with sweeteners,
flavourings and colorants.
Emulsions can contain, for example, olive, arachis or paraffin oil in
addition to emulsifiers such as, for example, gum acacia, gum tragacanth,
phosphatids, sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, and
sweeteners and flavourings.
The active substances can, where appropriate, also be formulated in
microencapsulated form with one or more of the vehicles or additives
indicated.
The invention is explained in more detail hereinafter by means of preferred
exemplary embodiments.
It is expedient to use for the preparation in the following examples an
activated cisplatin solution which is prepared as follows: 1 mmol of
cisplatin is dissolved in water; then 0.98 mmol of Ag.sub.2 SO.sub.4
dissolved in water is added. The mixture is subsequently shaken at room
temperature, protected from light, for 24 h, and AgCl is filtered off.
0.96 mmol of Ba(OH).sub.2 are dissolved in water and added. The mixture is
then shaken at room temperature, protected from light, for 24 h, and
BaSO.sub.4 is filtered off. The resulting solution is activated cisplatin
solution.
EXAMPLE 1
Disodium diammine (1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonato)-platinate(II),
Na.sub.2 [(NH.sub.3).sub.2 Pt(HEDPH.sub.-4)]
The title compound is prepared by reacting Na.sub.2 HEDPH.sub.-2 with
activated cisplatin solution. A sand-coloured product is obtained.
EXAMPLE 2
Disodium diammine(dichloromethanediphosphonato)platinate-(II), Na.sub.2
[(NH.sub.3).sub.2 Pt(Cl.sub.2 --MDPH.sub.-4)]
The title compound is prepared by reacting Na.sub.2 MDPH.sub.-2 with
activated cisplatin solution. A sand-coloured product is obtained.
EXAMPLE 3
cis[Pt(NH.sub.3).sub.2 (Na.sub.2 --APDH.sub.-1)(OH).times.2H.sub.2 O
2 mmol of Na.sub.2 APD.times.2H.sub.2 O are dissolved in 50 ml of H.sub.2
O; then 2 mmol of activated cisplatin solution are added, resulting in
slight turbidity. Solvent is subsequently removed in a rotary evaporator
at 50.degree. C. This results in a clear yellow solution. After the
solvent has been completely removed in a rotary evaporator there remains
an ivory-coloured powder which is dried over a desiccant.
EXAMPLE 4
cis[Pt(NH.sub.3).sub.2 (MADH.sub.-2)]
4 mmol of MAD are dissolved in 50 ml of H.sub.2 O. To this are added 4 mmol
of activated cisplatin solution, resulting in a white flocculent turbidity
which cannot be filtered. The mixture is then heated to 50.degree. C.
resulting in a clear yellow solution. The solvent is removed in a rotary
evaporator, resulting in a green-coloured product which is dried over a
desiccant.
EXAMPLE 5
cis[Pt(NH.sub.3).sub.2 (BDP3H.sub.-2)].times.3H.sub.2 O
4 mmol of BDP-3 are dissolved in 100 ml of H.sub.2 O. 4 mmol of activated
cisplatin solution are subsequently added, resulting in a white
precipitate which is filtered off with suction, washed with water and
subsequently dried over a desiccant.
EXAMPLE 6
cis[Pt(NH.sub.3).sub.2 (ATMPH.sub.-2)]
2 mmol of ATMP are dissolved in 25 ml of H.sub.2 O and subsequently 2 mmol
of activated cisplatin solution are added. The solution is stirred at
50.degree. C. for one hour, the solvent is removed in a rotary evaporator,
and the compound is obtained as a cream-coloured powder.
EXAMPLE 7
cis[Pt(NH.sub.3).sub.2 (BPMAAH.sub.-2)]
2 mmol of BPMAA are dissolved in 30 ml of H.sub.2 O. 2 mmol of activated
cisplatin solution are subsequently added, and the mixture is stirred at
50.degree. C. for one hour. Solvent is subsequently removed in a rotary
evaporator, and the residue is dried over a desiccant.
EXAMPLE 8
[(NH.sub.3).sub.2 Pt(HEDP)Pt(NH.sub.3).sub.2 ]
2 mmol of Na.sub.2 HEDP are dissolved in 50 ml of H.sub.2 O, and
subsequently 2 mmol of activated cisplatin solution are added. A whitish
turbidity forms. The mixture is subsequently stirred at 50.degree. C. for
one hour, resulting in a yellow precipitate, which is filtered off with
suction, washed with water and dried over a desiccant. A yellow-green
product is obtained.
The starting material in the following examples is not activated cisplatin
solution but platinum tetrachloride (PtCl.sub.4). In contrast to the above
examples, the platinum in this is in the +IV, not +II, oxidation state.
The preferential product of the reaction is a Pt(II) bond; however, it is
also possible for Pt(IV) products to be formed.
EXAMPLE 9
cis[Pt(Cl.sub.2)(ATMP/ATMPH.sub.-1).sub.2 ]
2 mmol of PtCl.sub.4 are dissolved in 20 ml of H.sub.2 O, to this are added
4 mmol of ATMP dissolved in 40 ml of H.sub.2 O, and the mixture is stirred
at 50.degree. C., protected from light, for 3 hours. The solvent is
subsequently removed from the solution in a rotary evaporator, and the
residue is dried under high vacuum at 50.degree. C. for 2 hours. A dark
green hygroscopic substance is obtained.
EXAMPLE 10
cis[PtCl.sub.2 (BPMAA/BPMAAH.sub.-1).sub.2 ]
1 mmol of PtCl.sub.4 is dissolved in 10 ml of H.sub.2 O. To this are added
2 mmol of BPMAA dissolved in 20 ml of H.sub.2 O. The solution is heated to
reflux at 50.degree. C. for 1 hour, the solvent is subsequently removed in
a rotary evaporator, and the residue is dried at 50.degree. C. under high
vacuum for two hours. An orange-brown substance is obtained.
EXAMPLE 11
cis[PtCl.sub.2 (BDP3).sub.2 ]
4 mmol of BDP-3 are dissolved in 200 ml of H.sub.2 O, to this are added 2
mmol of PtCl.sub.4 dissolved in 20 ml of H.sub.2 O, and the mixture is
stirred at 50.degree. C. for 3 hours. The solvent is subsequently removed
in a rotary evaporator, and the residue is dried at 50.degree. C. under
high vacuum for 2 hours and additionally dried in a desiccator over a
desiccant and KOH overnight. A green substance is obtained. The analogous
(BDP4)-Pt complex is prepared correspondingly.
EXAMPLE 12
cis-[Diammineazacycloheptane-2,2-disphosphonato-platinum-(II)]cis[Pt(AHP)(N
H.sub.3).sub.2 ]
2 mole of AHP were dissolved by heating in 150 ml of water. 25 ml of an
activated cisplatin solution (2mmol) were added. The solution became
yellow and gradually turbid. The solvent was removed in a rotary
evaporator and the residue was dried over a desiccant. The grey-green
compound was characterized by elemental analysis and .sup.31 P NMR
spectroscopy.
EXAMPLE 13
cis-[Imino-bis(methylenephosphonato)diammino-platinum-(II)]
cis[Pt(IBM)(NH.sub.3).sub.2 ]
2 mmol of IBM were dissolved ni 50 ml of water. 25 ml of an activated
cisplatin solution (2mmol) were added; the solution became pale yellow and
slightly turbid. Stirring at 50.degree. C. for 1 h was followed by removal
of the solvent in a rotary evaporator, and the product was dried over a
desiccant. The creamy white compound was characterized by elemental
analysis and by .sup.31 P NMR spectroscopy.
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